1. Apple becomes the first company to reach a stock market value of $3 trillion.
1. 苹果成为首家市值达到3万亿美元的公司。
In January, Apple's value briefly hit the $3 trillion mark, making it the first publicly traded company to do so. Its value has since declined, as it and other companies face a skittish economy still reeling from the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and record inflation. Apple was also the first company to be valued at $1 trillion, in 2018, and $2 trillion, in 2020.
1月，苹果市值一度突破3万亿美元大关，成为首家创造此纪录的上市公司。自那之后，由于新冠疫情和创纪录的通胀，苹果和其他企业都受到经济震荡的影响，其市值有所下降。苹果在2018年成为首家市值1万亿美元的公司，在2020年成为首家市值2万亿美元的公司。
2. Microplastics are detected in human blood.
2. 人体血液中检测到塑料微粒。
A study published in March in Environment International found microplastics in human blood. About half of the participants in the study had polyethylene terephthalate — a polymer used in water bottles and food packaging, among other everyday items — in their bloodstream. Scientists had previously established that people are exposed to microscopic particles of plastic through the food they eat, the water they drink and the air they breathe.
3月发表在《国际环境》期刊上的一研究发现人体血液中含有塑料微粒。研究中约半数参与者的血液中都含有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，这是一种用于水瓶、食品包装和其他日常用品的聚合物。科学家此前已经确认，人可以通过吃的食物、喝的水和呼吸的空气接触到塑料微粒。
3. Women referee at men's World Cup.
3. 男足世界杯的女裁判。
Stéphanie Frappart of France became the first woman lead referee at a men's World Cup match when she officiated a game between Costa Rica and Germany in Qatar in December. This was also the first men's World Cup game to have an all-woman referee team: Ms. Frappart's assistants were Neuza Back of Brazil and Karen Diaz Medina of Mexico.
法国的斯蒂凡娜•弗拉帕尔于12月在卡塔尔执法哥斯达黎加对德国的比赛，成为世界杯男足比赛的首位女性主裁判。这也是首场全部由女性主裁判执法的男足世界杯比赛：弗拉帕特的助手是巴西的纽扎•巴克和墨西哥的凯伦•迪亚兹•梅迪纳。
4. A paralyzed man dies by legally assisted suicide in Italy.
4. 意大利一名瘫痪男子在合法协助下自杀。
In June, Federico Carboni, a 44-year-old man paralyzed for 12 years after a traffic accident, became the first person in Italy to die by legally assisted suicide. In 2019, Italy's highest court ruled that assisted suicide is legal under certain circumstances, a widely debated issue in a predominantly Roman Catholic country.
今年6月，现年44岁、因交通事故瘫痪12年的费德里科•卡伯尼成为意大利第一个通过合法协助自杀死亡的人。2019年，意大利最高法院裁定，在某些情况下，协助自杀是合法的，这在一个以罗马天主教为主的国家是一个备受争议的问题。
5. More Americans are smoking marijuana than cigarettes.
5. 吸食*麻大**的美国人多于吸烟者。
A Gallup report released in August revealed that more Americans are smoking marijuana than cigarettes for the first time on record. About 16 percent of the Americans polled said they currently smoke marijuana, five percentage points more than those who reported smoking cigarettes. Cigarette use has continued to decline since its peak during the mid-1950s, when 45 percent of Americans reported that they smoked.
盖洛普8月份发布的一份报告显示，吸*麻大**的美国人多于吸烟者，这是有史以来第一次。在接受调查的美国人中，约16%的人表示他们目前吸*麻大**，比自称吸烟的人多五个百分点。香烟的使用自20世纪50年代中期达到顶峰以来一直在下降，当时45%的美国人报告说他们吸烟。
6. The first person of color heads the British government.
6.英国政府第一次由有色人种领导。
Rishi Sunak was born in southern England to parents who emigrated from British colonial East Africa. His grandparents were from the Punjab region of India. In October, he made history as the first person of color to become prime minister of Britain. He is also the first person of the Hindu faith to sit in that office — and may even be the first prime minister who comes to the job with more wealth than the British royal family. Mr. Sunak, a former banker, and his wife, whose father co-founded the information technology company Infosys, are worth an estimated 730 million pounds (about $870 million); the late Queen Elizabeth II's wealth was estimated at about 370 million pounds ($440 million), according to the Sunday Times Rich List. Mr. Sunak was the chancellor of the Exchequer under Boris Johnson. He replaced Liz Truss, the embattled prime minister who served only 44 days.
瑞希•苏纳克出生在英格兰南部，父母是从英国殖民时期的东非移民而来。他的祖父母来自印度旁遮普地区。10月，他创造了历史，成为首个当上英国首相的有色人种。他也是第一位信奉印度教的首相，甚至可能是第一位身家超过英国王室的首相。苏纳克曾是一名银行家，他和妻子——其父是信息技术公司印孚瑟斯的联合创始人——的身家估计为7.3亿英镑（约合人民币61.1亿元）；根据《周日泰晤士报》富豪榜，已故女王伊丽莎白二世的财富估计约为3.7亿英镑。苏纳克曾在鲍里斯•约翰逊手下担任财政大臣。他取代了身陷困境、仅任职44天的首相利兹•特拉斯。