Take a look at the following pic.
看看下面的图片。
This is how a human skull looks from inside. If you take a closer look, you will see that it is definitely not smooth.
这是人类头骨内部的样子。如果你仔细看，你会发现它肯定不是光滑的。
When you hold a skull in your hand and look inside, you notice that it has many ridges, some as sharp as a knife.
当你拿着头骨往里面看时，你会注意到它有许多脊，有些像刀子一样锋利。
Now I'm about to mention some facts:
现在我要提到一些事实：
- Your brain is very soft, which makes it easily bruised or damaged. On the other hand, your skull is really hard. Inside your skull there are many ridges, rough areas, and sharp bony edges.
- 你的大脑非常柔软，这使得它很容易受伤或受伤。另一方面，你的头骨真的很硬。在你的头骨内部有许多脊，粗糙的区域和尖锐的骨边缘。
- When there is a blow to the head, your brain ends up slamming against the walls, ridges, and sharp bony edges in the skull, ripping some blood vessels, causing multiple minute bleeds and over time many areas of tiny scars.
- 当头部受到打击时，你的大脑最终会猛烈撞击头骨的壁、脊和尖锐的骨边缘，撕裂一些血管，导致多次微小出血，随着时间的推移，许多区域会出现微小的疤痕。
- You do not have to lose consciousness in order to have significant brain injury. Consciousness is controlled by structures deep in the brain. A significant injury may occur to the cortex or outside surface of the brain, sparing the brain stem and therefore causing no loss of consciousness.
- 你不需要失去意识才会有严重的脑损伤。意识是由大脑深处的结构控制的。严重的损伤可能发生在大脑皮层或外表面，保留脑干，因此不会造成意识丧失。
Brain injuries, even mild ones without a loss of consciousness, matter more than most people think. If you never look at the brain, you miss what many researchers have called the silent epidemic. Two million reported new brain injury cases occur every year, and millions of others go unnoticed.
脑损伤，即使是轻微的没有失去知觉的脑损伤，也比大多数人想象的更为严重。如果你从不观察大脑，你就会错过许多研究人员所说的“沉默流行病”。每年报告的新脑损伤病例有200万例，还有数百万例未被注意。
Despite brain being so delicate, we take risks like riding two wheeler without helmet, hitting football with head, or playing other dangerous games. (Out of ignorance)
尽管大脑很脆弱，我们还是会冒险，比如不戴头盔骑两轮车，用头踢足球，或者玩其他危险的游戏。(无知)
But… not all brain injuries, even the serious ones, will surely cause damage. The brain is buffered by clear fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF helps to buffer the brain against injury. Still, damage can occur more than most people know.
但是，并不是所有的脑损伤，即使是严重的，都一定会造成损伤。大脑由一种叫做脑脊液(CSF)的透明液体缓冲。脑脊液有助于缓冲大脑免受伤害。尽管如此，损害的发生比大多数人知道的更多。
So folks… if next time you think about doing something toofani ( risky)… just remember that your brain is like soft butter, enclosed in a not so soft box.
所以，朋友们，如果下次你想做一些冒险的事情，请记住，你的大脑就像软黄油，被封在一个不那么软的盒子里。
Edit: a pair of studies conducted in Norway and in US compared mental functioning of large groups of adult soccer players of similar age and circumstances who do not play soccer.
修正：在挪威和美国进行的两项研究比较了一大群年龄和环境相似但不踢足球的成年足球运动员的心理功能。
Out of 106 soccer players in the Norwegian study, 81% had impairment of attention, concentration, memory, and judgement that ranged from mild to severe.
在挪威的研究中，在106名足球运动员中，81%的人在注意力、注意力、记忆力和判断力方面有轻微到严重的损伤。
In the US study, attention and concentration deficits were significantly more common among those who 'headed' the ball most often.
在美国的研究中，注意力和注意力缺陷在那些经常“头球”的人身上明显更常见。
Source: Making a good brain great by Daniel G. Amen
资料来源：让一个好大脑伟大的丹尼尔G.阿门
Image source: Google
图片来源:谷歌