高考英语高频词汇总结大全图片 (干货高考英语重点词汇用法解析3)

◆ gather round; gather in; gather up; gather from

◇ gather round表示“聚集在……周围”、“聚集在一起”。

◇ gather in表示“收获庄稼”。

◇ gather up表示“收拾起来”、“抱起来”。

◇ gather from表示“从……推测”、“从……推想”,后面与that-clause连用。

[练习]

①I ____ her letter that she is very happy now.

②The students in our class ____ Mr Wang.

③You'd better ____ your books and put them away.

④The farmers ____ the wheat now.

⑤All the workers ____ him and asked him what was wrong with him at all.

(Key: ①gather from ②gathered round ③gather up ④are gathering in ⑤gathered round)

◆ get away (from); run away (from);escape (from);flee (from)这几个词均可表示“逃”,但含义有别:

◇ escape指安全地“逃走或跑掉”,强调结果

◇ get away from及run away from表示“逃”的动作或行为,含有动作快速而敏捷之意,多用于口语中;

◇ flee强调“逃”这一动作急促或迅速,不强调结果。选用时根据上下文的含义来定。如: The bird has escaped from the cage.那只鸟逃出鸟笼了。 He ran away/got away/escaped from the fire.他从火灾中逃出来了。 He fled (from) the burning house.他从燃烧的房子中逃出。

◇ 另外,表示“从某处抽身”,一般用get away from。如: I’m afraid she can’t get away from the meeting. 我恐怕她很难从会议中抽身。

◆ give up;give in;give out

◇ give up指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主动放弃,可用作及物动词,跟名词或v-ing作宾语;也可作不及物动词;

◇ give in指不再坚持自己的行为或观点等,而按别人的要求去做,一般作不及物动词;

◇ give out意为“用完;耗尽;体力不支”,是不及物动词。例如:

①The wind was strong and the waves were big,so he had to give up attempting/his attempt to swim the channel.风急浪高,他只好放弃横渡海峡的打算。

②All the girls finished the race except two who gave up half way.

除有两个中途放弃外,其它所有的姑娘都跑完了比赛的全程。

③As neither of the two sides would give in,the agreement fell through.

由于双方都不肯让步,所以没能达成协议。

④After a long journey,my strength gave out and couldn’t walk any farther.

走了很长的路,我已筋疲力尽,再也走不动了。

◆ glance; stare; glare

◇ 这组动词都与“看”有关。glance意为“匆匆一瞥”,是不及物动词,其后必须接介词at, over等才可以接宾语。如:

1) He glanced at his watch.他匆匆看了一下手表。

2) She glanced down the list of names. 她由上而下匆匆地看了一下名单。

◇ stare意为“凝视”,它也是一个不及物动词,其后通常接介词at才能接宾语。如:

She stared at him in surprise.她惊讶地瞪着他看。

He was staring out to the sea. 他凝目眺望大海。

◇ glare意为“怒视;瞪眼”,也是不及物动词,其后要接介词at后才能接宾语。如:

They stood glaring at each other.他们互相怒目而视地站着。

◆ go on to do sth;go on doing sth.;go on with sth. 这三个短语都有继续做某事的意思,但在含义上有所不同。 ◇ go on to do sth.表示“接着做另一件事”,即接下去做与原来不同的一件事;

◇ go on doing sth…表示“继续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”;

◇ go on with sth.表示“间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”,其后一般接代词作宾语。通常情况下,go on doing sth.和go on with sth.可互换。例如: After they had read the text,the students went on to do the exercises. 读完课文后,学生们继续做练习。 The students went on talking and laughing all the way. 一路上学生们一直有说有笑。 After a rest,we went on with our lesson(=After a rest,we went on having our lesson.).休息以后,我们继续上课。

◆ habit, practice, custom, convention这组名词一般含义为“习惯”。

◇ habit指个人的“习惯”,通常用于表示做事、思考问题或行为举止的不自觉的方式方法

That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.

这证明是我的失败,因为我不久就回到在电视屏幕前打瞌睡的坏习惯去了。

◇ practice 既可表示个人的也可表示社会的“习惯”,这种“习惯”从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择性的行为或者方法

On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat——the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.

在另一方面,一想到用动物油煎马铃薯,你便会作呕。然而在许多北欧国家里,这是为大家接受的通常习惯。

She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,yet following her general practice she had shut them before going out.

她慢慢地走进厅堂,并且立刻发现所有的房门都是开着的。但是按照她自己的一般习惯,她在外出前总是把门全部关好的

◆ custom 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含义,此外,custom 还包含这样一层意思:长期而广泛采用的行为或方法,即风俗习惯,按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或规范,它不仅有指导意义,而且具有必须遵循的意义

Don't be a slave to custom. 不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。

From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.

一个人从诞生的那一时刻起,他降生后所处的风俗习惯便给他的阅历和行为定型。

◇ convention 其实是其他3个词的近义词,它的含义为:固定的或公众一致承认的行事或表达思想的方法

They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary.

他们不顾社会习俗,并未意识到自己在做些与众不同的事。

◆ hand down;hand in;hand over;hand out ; by hand ;hands up

◇ hand down作“把……传下来”解。例如:

…knowledge, customs and memories were handed down by the elders of the race. ……他们的知识,生活习惯以及人们所怀念的事情,都是由他们的祖先传下来的。

The story was handed down from one generation to another.这个故事世代相传。

◇ hand in为“把……交上来” 、“交给”、“递交”之意。例如:

Time is up.Hand in your examination papers.时间到了,请把试卷交上来。

◇ hand over作“转交”或“移送”解。例如:

Please hand over this money to XiaoZhou.请将这笔钱转交小周。

The thief was handed over to the police.小偷已被移送到公安机关了。

◇ hand out为“散发”之意。例如:

When I got to the classroom the teacher had already begun handing out the test papers.

我赶到教室时,老师已开始分发试卷了。

◇ hands up表示“举起手来”;

◇ by hand表示“用手”、“手工”,是介词短语,作方式状语。

[EXERCISES]

①This toy was made. ②After class,you must your homework.③If you have any questions to ask,please. (Keys:①by hand ②hand in ③hands up)

◆ have sb.do sth.;have sb./sth.doing sth.;have sth.done

◇ have sb.do sth.为“使(让、请)某人做某事”之意,其中作宾补的不带to的不定式只表示发生过某事。例如: The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让男孩背对着父亲站着。

◇ have sb./sth.doing sth.为“让某人(某事)一直做某事”之意,其中作宾补的现在分词表示保持或一直存在的状态。例如: The two cheats had their lights burning all night long. 两个*子骗**让灯整夜地亮着。 Although the farm is large,my dad has only two men working for him. 虽然农场大,但我爸爸只雇了两人为他(一直)干活。

◇ have sth.done 有两层含义和用法: *其一,作“(有意地)让他人为自己做某事”解,即过去分词所表示的动作由别人完成,而宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者或动作对象。例如: I’ll have a new suit made of this cloth. 我要用这种布料做一套新衣服。 *作“(无意识地)让某人(或某物)遭受不幸”解。例如: He had his handbag stolen. 他的手提包被人偷了。

◆ hear of/ hear from/ hear

◇ hear of表示“听人说起”、“听说过”,侧重于间接听说;◇ hear from表示“收到……的来信”、“收到……的来电”,后面接指人的名词或代词;

◇ hear表示“听见”、“听到”,后面接名词、代词或宾语从句。

[EXERCISES]

①I____that our team won.

②I____my brother twice a month.

③I____her death last week.

④Can you____some birds singing?

(Keys:①heard ②hear from ③heard of ④hear)

◆ holiday(holidays),leave, vacation 这三个词都有“假日(期)”的意思,但含义用法并不相同。

◇ holiday(holidays)一般指“休假”

Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和汤姆准备去度假。

I've already had my holidays this year. 我今年已经度过假了。

During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car.

在瑞典度假期间,我在我的车子上发现了这张字条。

Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总是弄得我过不好假日。

My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends.

我的假日过的很快,但是我一张明信片也没有寄给朋友

注:have a (或one's)holiday 度假,during a holiday 在一次假期中。这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式,但并不只是“一天”假。 复数形式的holidays 泛指“假日”,如summer holidays 暑假。但“Sunday is a holiday ”中的holiday 却是“一天”的假。

◇ leave 指“请假”,被批准后离开自己的工作的一段时间

He stays at home on sick leave. 他请了病假呆在家里。

He asked for a six months' leave. 他请了6个月的假。

◇ vacation 在英国指大学的寒暑假或法定不工作的日子,美国可指任何假日(期)

The students are planning how to spend their summer vacation.

这些大学生在计划着怎样过暑假。

Mr. Fuller is on vacation now. 费勒先生在度假。

◆ honour homage reverence deference

◇ 都含“尊敬”、“敬意”的意思。

◇ honour 指“普遍承认或钦佩某人的人格、事迹等因而受到的尊敬”, 如:

in hono(u)r of the martyred dead 向死难烈士致敬。

◇ homage 指“以诚恳恭敬的态度表示敬意” 如:

They bowed in homage to the Unknown Soldiers. 他们向无名烈士墓鞠躬致敬。

reverence指“崇敬”, 如

He held her in reverence. 他崇敬她。

◇ deference指“听从长者、上司、或值得尊重的人表现出的尊敬”, 如:

Do you treat your parents and teachers with deference? 你对父母师长尊敬吗?

◆ hurt; injure; wound; cut

◇ hurt为普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害(可被badly, slightly, seriously等修饰),也可指精神上、感情上的伤害(被very much/rather/deeply修饰),多指伤痛。如:

I hurt my leg badly in the football match.在那场足球赛中,我的腿受了重伤。

He felt rather hurt at your words.你的话使他很难过。

◇ injure比hurt正式,主要指意外事故中损害健康、容貌等,强调功能的损失。如:

A bullet injured his left eye.一颗*弹子**伤了他的左眼。

◇ wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,尤其指用*器武**有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤。也可指人们精神上的创伤。如: The thief wounded him with a knife.那小偷用刀刺伤了他。

You have wounded his pride.你伤害了他的自尊心。

◇ cut指无意中造成的轻伤。如:

How did you get that cut on your hand﹖你手上的伤口是怎么弄的?

◆ identical,alike,resemble

◇ identical adj.指同一个人或物时,表示“同一的”,可以与same互换。在描写两个或两个以上人或物时,表示“完全一样的”。

◇ alike adj.常作表语,表示在外表、性格或品质等方面几乎相同。

◇ resemble v.指看起来象。

A.After the earthquake the city ___ a battle field.

B.The interests of both parties mayn ot be ____,but they do overlap considerably.

C.You and your father don’t look very much ____.

D.This gun is ____ to the one which the murderer used.

Key: A. resembled B. identica C. alike D. identical

◆ illness;sickness;disease三者均有“病或疾病”之意。

◇ disease 具体指身体上发生的任何不适或疾病,可引申为某种“弊端”,如:heart disease “心脏病”;disease of society“社会弊端”等。

◇ sickness 和 illness 可指任何疾病或不适。但在英国,用法有些区别:sickness 多用来指恶心、呕吐之类的疾病及因某种外因引出的疾病;

illness主要用于因人体内部的虚弱或失调引起的疾病。在时间上,短时的病痛多用 sickness,较长时间的病痛多用 illness。例如:

He suffered from mountain sickness.他患有高山病。

The child has suffered from illness for two years.这孩子已经病了两年了。

Rough seas caused much sickness among the passengers. 汹涌的海浪使许多乘客感到恶心。

◆ increase(decrease)…by;increase(decrease)…to

◇ 与increase,decrease搭配时,by表示数量增加或减少的幅度,即在原有的基础上“增加或减少了多少”;to则表示“增加或减少到多少”。试比较: The production cost of these trucks has decreased by one third compared to last year.

与去年相比,这些卡车的生产成本降低了三分之一。

The population of India has increased to one billion.印度的人口已经增加到了十亿。

◆ in all; at all; after all

◇ in all意为“总共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如:

There are 25,000 Inuit in all.(=In all, there are 25,000 Inuit.) 这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。

after all意为“毕竟”。表示“和预期相反”常放在句末;用来提醒不要忘记某个重要的结论或理由,一般放在句首。后者也可译为“要记住,别忘了”。如:

I thought he was going to help us, but he didn’t after all. 我以为他会帮助我们的,但他终究没有帮我们。

After all your birthday is only two weeks away. 别忘了,再过两周就是你的生日了。

◇ at all用在否定句或本身带不肯定意义的肯定句中,以加强语气,意为“根本;竟然”。如:

I don’t agree with you at all.我根本不同意你的意见。

I was surprised at his coming at all. 我很奇怪,他竟然来了。(本来我以为他不会来的。)

◆ in the morning;on the morning of

按英语的习惯用法,in the morning(afternoon/evening)表示“在早上(下午)晚上”之意,而on the morning(afternoon/evening)of则表示“在某个具体的一天的早上(下午/晚上)”之意,试比较:

1)He often reads English and Chinese in the morning. 他常在早上朗读英语和语文。

2)At 5∶13 on the morning of April 18th,1906,the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake.

1906年4月18日早晨5点13分,旧金山市发生了一次可怕的地震。

◆ in the way; in a way; in no way; on the way

◇ in the way 意为“挡道;妨碍(某人)”。如:

Tell the boy not to stand in the way.叫那个男孩别挡道碍事。

◇ in a way 意为“用某种方法(做某事)”。名词way前面常有形容词或this/that修饰。如:

He worked out the problem in a simple way.他用简单的方法算出了这道题。

In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends.

就这样一连过了好几天,艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。

注意:如果in a way单独使用,way前不加任何修饰语,意为“在某种程度上;在某些方面(某一点上)”。如: The article is well written in a way.从某种程度上来说,这篇文章写得不错。

◇ in no way 意为“决不;一点也不”,常用来加强语气。如:

They are in no way similar to each other.他们毫无相似之处。

◇ on the way 意为“在途中”,其后常接to,表示“在去某地或做某事的路上”。如:

He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema.他在去电影院的路上把票弄丢了。

◆ just/just now 它们都有“刚”的意思,都与时间有关。

◇ just表示“刚,刚刚”。多与完成时态连用。

如:I've just borrowed a picture-book.我刚借了一本图画书。

◇ just now表示“刚才”,强调过去的动作,所以与一般过去时态连用。

如:She ate a big apple jus tnow.她刚才吃了一个大苹果。

K

◆knock…into;knock into;knock down;knock at/on

◇knock…into…意为“把……插/撞/敲/打入……中”。如:

Then they knocked a stick into the earth. 然后他们把木棒插入泥土中。

◇knock into意为“撞在……上”。into是介词,只能位于其宾语前。如:

Look out!Don’t knock into others. 小心!别撞到别人身上。

◇knock down意为“撞倒、*倒打**”。down为副词,宾语是名词时,down可位于名词前或后宾语是人称代词时,down必须位于宾语后。如:

The car knocked the house down(=knocked down the house).小汽车把房子给撞倒了。

Be careful with the little trees.Don’t knock them down. 注意小树,不要把它们撞倒了。

knock at/on意为轻轻而有节奏地“敲”。它常用来表示“敲门/窗”等。如:

Who is knocking at the door﹖ 谁在敲门?

Knock on the window pane; they may be in. 敲一下玻璃窗,他们或许在里面。

「干货」高考英语词汇辨析(GHIJK)