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Both doctors and teachers are so vital to any society, so it would seem only right that they receive the largest financial rewards.
讲解：
vital=important
seem right 看起来是正确的
financial reward 金钱回报
Sports and entertainment personalities earn so much because they are national or even global stars and get rewarded through endorsements and other sources of income.
讲解：
personality 名人、名流
earn 赚
national 国家的 global 全球的
endorsement 产品代言 endorse sth 为...代言
source of income 收入来源
Sometimes these stars may have short careers in comparison with other professions. For instance, while doctors can work until they are 65, footballers normally retire in their early 30s.
讲解：
shore career 短暂的职业生涯
in comparison with ... 和...对比
profession 职业
while 虽然（用在句首）
footballer 足球运动员
normally 通常
retire 退休、退役
in one's 30s 在某人三十多岁的时候 in one's early/mid/late 30s 三十出头/三十四五六岁/快到四十