无灵主语,一种英语语法结构。在中文表达中,我们习惯以人为本,强调事在人为,很自然地用表示人的概念的名词或人称代词充当主语。这样的语言思维也迁移到了我们的英文表达中,除了被动语态,我们经常忽略使用其他无生命的名词为主语表达主动语态。其实,在英语表达中,主语并非总是由人或有生命的事物才能与行为动词结合, 当“无灵主语”搭配“有灵动词”,产生的句子更能彰显由于中西方文化、思维方式的差异。
本文从以下几个类型帮助学生更深入了解无灵主语句,避免汉语的负迁移,形成英语思维模式,使语言表达更地道、更准确。从而帮助我们在写作中取得高分!

无灵主语句的结构构成: inanimate subject (无灵主语)+animateverb(有灵动词)
无灵主语inanimate subject 指的是: 物品、动作、情感、时间、地点等
有灵动词animate verb指的是: 有生命的事物的动作和行为,如:see ,find,bring,give ,escape,witness,seize,deny……这类句子往往带有拟人化(personification)的修辞色彩。举几个例子:
汉语常用句子结构 animate subject (有灵主语)+animateverb(有灵动词)
I love all my students. I有灵主语
英语常用的句子结构 inanimate subject (无灵主语)+animateverb(有灵动词)
My love goes to all my students. (无灵主语love)
eg:我想不起他的名字了。
中国学生:I could’nt remember his name .
I forget his name .
英国学生:His name escaped me .
His name failed me.
His name slipped my mind.
His name didn’t take root in my mind .
His name didn’t register in my mind.

我突然有了一个好主意。
无灵句表达:
1.A good idea suddenly occurs to me .
2. A good idea suddenly strikes me.
3. A good idea suddenly hits me.
4. A good idea flashs into my mind.
5. A good idea jumps into my mind.
6. A good idea comes into my mind.
7. A good idea comes acroass my mind.
8. A good idea suggests itself to me.
9. It occurs to me that….
10. It dawns on me that …..
无灵主语句的功能
1. 增加主语多样性,丰富句型
2. 使语言更生动,表达丰富,句子瞬间充满生命力。
3. 减少人称主语的使用,增加表达的客观性。
4 . 文学作品中给人一种庄重,典雅的感觉。

无灵主语句的应用
类型1. 表示时间的名词做主语,谓语动词用“witness””see”,”find”......来表达发生的事情。
The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress ,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
过去三十年里,很多法律不断地阻碍我们行使自己的权力,阻止我们的进步,直到今天,我们步入了一个丝毫没有权力的境地。
The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the People 's Republic Of China.
1949年中华人民共和国成立了。
The post war years in Germany saw honours heaped upon the great scientist.
德国战后的岁月里,这位伟大的科学家得到了种种荣誉。
Dusk found the little girl crying in the street
黄昏时分人们发现小女孩在街上哭
Autum sees many young Beijing people in smartly tailored jackets and colourful pullovers and windbreakers.
到了秋季,北京许多年轻人穿上精心裁制的漂亮上衣,五颜六色的套头毛衣和风雨衣。
类型2. 表示地点的名词做主语, 谓语动词也常用“witness””see”,”find”......来表达发生的事情。
The town boasts a beautiful lake.
镇上有个美丽的湖,人人以此自豪
Beijing first saw the raising of the five-starred flag in Tian 'anmen Square.
五星红旗首先在北京*安门天**广场上升起。
Shanghai witnessed the birth of the Chinese Communist Part.
中国*产党共**在上海成立。
Britain Saw the first jet airline in1952.
第一架喷气式飞机于1952年在英国诞生
Rome witnessed many great historic events.
罗马发生过许多重大历史事件。
试着翻译下列句子 :
1.我叔叔将于8月6日到达伦敦。(邮件)
The day , Auguest 6th ,will see my uncle’s arrival in London.
2.这次剪纸艺术展将在艺术楼举办。(通知)
The Art Building will witness this paper-cutting art exhibition .
3.上周日,我们进行了一次非同寻常的徒步旅行,让我们每个人都兴奋不已。(报到)
Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary hiking ,which excited the nerves of everyone of us.
4.上周五下午,我们学校和德国姐妹学校在操场上进行了一场足球友谊赛。(报到)
Last Friday afternoon witnessed a friendly football match between our school and the German sister school on the playground.
5.近十年来,青少年使用社交网络的人数呈爆炸式增长。(概要写作)
The recent decade has witnessed an explosive growth in the number of teenage users of social networking websites.

类型3. 表示情感类名词或心理活动的名词作主语。
1. Courage deserted him. 他没有了勇气。 Deserted“舍弃”
2. Anxiety tore him into pieces.他焦虑万分,肝肠寸断。
3. By now optimism had given way to doubt.现在,乐观变成了怀疑。
4. Anger choked my words.我气得说不出话来。 choked “阻塞;抑制”
5. A chill of horror suddenly swept ove rhim.他突然感到不寒而栗。
6. Despair seized him at the thought of his failure in the exam.想到考试的失败,他万念俱灰。
7. Astonishment deprived me of my power of speech.我惊讶得说不出话来。
8. Fear rooted her to the ground .恐惧使她站在地上一动不动。 root“固定”
9. An embarrassed laugh escapes my throat.我不由自 主尴尬地笑了一声。 escape“声音(不自觉地)”由…..发出
10. Rarelydid his sense of humour desert thisnable man这位高尚的人很少发脾气
11. Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst .我这样发作一通后,既不难过,也不后悔。
12. Despair seized him at the thought of her setting out alone to renew the weary quest for woke。她一个人出去重新登上找工作的艰辛路途,他觉得万念俱灰。
高中常见的情感类的词及其转化
admire-admiration amaze-amazement annoy-annoyance angry-anger
anxious-anxiety astonish-astonishment bitter-bitter bore-boredom
delight-delight despair-despair disappoint-disappointment embarrass-embarrassment eager-eagerness happy-happiness horrify-horror joy-joy lonely-loneliness puzzle-puzzlement regret-regret relieve-relief sad-sadness satisfy-satisfacation shame-shame sorry –sorrow surprise-surprise guilty-guilt excite-excitement proud-pride…….
在这些表示情感的名词后面,带上一些此类动词,比如seize,grip,visit,haunt,come over,well up,takepossession of ......,就能写出精彩地道的无灵主语句。