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Have you ever wondered how do people get ahead?
你有没有想过人们是如何出人头地的？
How does someone like Elon Musk succeed where others have failed?
像埃隆·马斯克这样的人是如何在别人失败过的地方成功的？
We're often told that success is directly correlated with hard work.
我们经常被告知成功与努力工作直接相关。
That we won't get anywhere without putting in 10,000 hours or by working 100-hour weeks.
如果不投入 10，000 小时或每周工作 100 小时，我们将一事无成。
But what if that wasn't the case?
但如果事实并非如此呢？
What if those who'd succeeded simply had an unfair advantage over their competitors?
如果那些成功的人只是相对于他们的竞争对手有不公平的优势呢？
And what if we find out that we've all got our own set of unfair advantages that we can use to succeed in our lives as well?
如果我们发现我们都有属于自己的不公平的优势，我们也可以利用这些优势在生活中取得成功，那会怎么样？
Hey, friends, welcome back to the channel and to the very first episode of Book Club, a new series where I am gonna be summarising key insights from books.
嘿，朋友们，欢迎回到我的频道，也是书友会的第一集，这是一个新系列，我将在其中总结书籍中的关键见解。
And today we're talking about "The Unfair Advantage: How You Already Have What It Takes to Succeed".
今天我们要讨论的是《不公平的优势：你已经拥有了成功所需的一切》。
It's written by these two entrepreneurs and investors Ash Ali and Hasan Kubba.
它是由这两位企业家和投资者阿什·阿里和哈桑·库巴撰写的。
And it starts with the thesis that life is fundamentally unfair.
它从一个论点开始，生活从根本上是不公平的。
When we're looking at successful people, they normally didn't just get there with hard work, there was normally other stuff that played a strong role like luck, circumstances, privilege, that sort of thing.
当我们看到成功的人时，他们通常不仅仅是通过努力工作而成功，通常还有其他因素发挥着很强的作用，比如运气、环境、特权，诸如此类的东西。
And the equation that came to mind when I was reading through the book was that, success, however we wanna define it is some sort of combination of fair play and unfair advantages.
当我读这本书的时候，我想到的等式是，成功，不管我们想怎么定义它，都是公平竞争和不公平优势的某种结合。
Fair play means factors that we would look at and think, "All right, mate, fair play".
公平竞争意味着我们会考虑和思考的因素，“好吧，伙计，公平竞争”。
Let's say there's a start-up founder who gets up at 3 o'clock every morning and then goes for a two-hour run and then kind of hustles on his or her laptop all day and just works really, really hard.
假设有一个初创公司的创始人，他每天早上 3 点起床，然后跑步两个小时，然后一整天都在笔记本电脑上忙碌，非常非常努力地工作。
That would be a fair advantage we would say or I made fair play to that.
我们会说这是一个公平的优势，或者我觉得这是公平竞争。
In a way, it's something that any of us could replicate if we wanted to and therefore it is fair.
在某种程度上，这是我们任何人都可以复制的东西，如果我们想的话，因此这是公平的。
But that same startup founder, let's say his or her parents was super-rich and invested half a million dollars into their company from day one, that would be an unfair advantage.
但是同样还是一个初创公司的创始人，假设他或她的父母非常富有，从第一天起就向他们的公司投资了 50 万美元，这将是一个不公平的优势。
It's an advantage that really helps the business but something that the rest of us can't easily replicate.
这是一个真正有助于事业的优势，但我们其他人无法轻易复制。
The Unfair Advantage is about stealing, kind of one of the root causes of success that isn't spoken about and that's essentially that life isn't a level playing field.
不公平优势是关于偷窃，这是成功的根本原因之一，但没有被提及，这本质上说明了生活不是一个公平竞争的环境。
Everybody has different strengths and weaknesses inherently, that's number one anyway.
每个人天生就有不同的优势和劣势，这是第一点。
But number two, circumstances are different.
但是第二点，情况不同。
So people have access to the network, to finance, or the right location the right timing.
所以人们可以访问网络，融资，或者处于正确的位置，正确的时机。
As Hasan explained, unfair advantages aren't just about our strengths, they're also about our circumstances, basically something that gives us a competitive edge, something that someone else can't easily replicate.
正如哈桑所解释的，不公平的优势不仅仅关乎我们的优势，也关乎我们的环境，基本上是一些给我们竞争优势的东西，一些别人无法轻易复制的东西。
And one of the main ideas of the book, which is why the subtitle is "How You Already Have What It Takes to Succeed", these unfair advantages aren't just for people who are rich and famous, they're for everyone.
这本书的主要观点之一，也就是为什么副标题是“你已经拥有了成功所需的一切”，这些不公平的优势不仅仅是富人和名人所特有的，每个人都有。
We all have our own unfair advantages in our own ways.
我们所有人都以自己的方式拥有自己不公平的优势。
How do we find out what our unfair advantages are?
我们如何发现我们不公平的优势是什么？
Well, we can use the MILES framework.
好吧，我们可以使用 MILES 框架。
Where did the miles framework come from?
MILES 框架的出处是？
Is that something that you guys came up with or...
这是你们想出来的还是......
Yeah, it's something Ash actually initially came up with, is the MILES framework just breaking down into money, intelligence and insight, location and luck, education, expertise, and status.
是的，这是阿什最初想出的，MILES 框架被分解成金钱、智力和洞察力、位置和运气、教育、专业知识和地位。
So we developed into that and then we thought, okay, where's does mindset fit in?
我们把它拓展开来，然后我们想，好吧，思维模式适合哪里？
And then we thought, okay, this is all on a foundation of mindset.
然后我们想，好吧，这都是基于思维模式。
If you don't have the right mindset, you're just not getting anywhere.
如果你没有正确的思维模式，你将一事无成。
Let's start with M which stands for money.
让我们从代表钱的 M 开始。
Let's take Evan Spiegel, the billionaire co-founder of Snapchat who became the world's youngest self-made billionaire at just age 24. He grew up in a multimillion-dollar house in Los Angeles, attended expensive private schools, and had parents who were powerful and well-connected lawyers.
让我们以 Snapchat 的亿万富翁联合创始人埃文·斯皮格尔为例，他在 24 岁时成为世界上最年轻的白手起家的亿万富翁。他在洛杉矶一栋价值数百万美元的房子里长大，上昂贵的私立学校，父母都是有权势和人脉的律师。
This put him in unique circles and gave him access to tech entrepreneurs and CEOs that most people could never dream of accessing.
这让他进入了一个独特的圈子，并让他接触到了大多数人做梦也想不到的科技企业家和首席执行官。
Clearly he had to put in the work and the ideas but his example shows how money, prestige, and power can be a big unfair advantage.
显然，他必须要工作和想点子，但他的事例表明，金钱、声望和权力可能是一个巨大的不公平优势。
Secondly, the I stands for intelligence and insight.
其次，I 代表智慧和洞察力。
So let's take the Collison Brothers for example.
让我们以科里森兄弟为例。
They co-founded Stripe which became a multi-billion dollar payments processing company before either of them had turned 22. Patrick Collison's sort of invented his own computer programming language when he was 16 and he left school a year early to enrol at MIT.
他们共同创立了 Stripe，在他们 22 岁之前，Stripe 成为了一家价值数十亿美元的支付处理公司。帕特里克·科利森在 16 岁时发明了自己的计算机编程语言，他提前一年离开学校去了麻省理工学院。
His brother John finished with the highest ever score on his Leaving Certificate, sort of the Irish equivalent of A-Levels, and he'd been accepted into Harvard before he'd even done his exams.
他的哥哥约翰在毕业证书上获得了有史以来的最高分，这相当于爱尔兰的高级水平，他甚至在考试前就被哈佛录取了。
And yes, of course, loads of hard work and effort went into it but I think it's reasonably fair to say that the Collison brothers' intelligence was some sort of unfair advantage.
是的，当然，他们付出了大量的努力，但我认为公平地说，科里森兄弟的智慧是某种不公平的优势。
Thirdly, we've got L which stands for location and luck.
第三，我们有代表位置和运气的 L。
And as Ray Kroc, the pioneer of McDonald's once said, "The two most important requirements for major success are first, being in the right place at the right time and secondly, doing something about it." Location is clearly important.
正如雷·克罗克，麦当劳的创始人曾经说过，“取得重大成功的两个最重要的要求是，第一，在正确的时间出现在正确的地点，第二，做点什么。”位置显然很重要。
For instance, businesses cluster as they do in Silicon Valley and the right location can be key to unlocking opportunities, making connections and accessing a target market.
例如，硅谷的企业集群，合适的位置可能是释放机会、建立联系和进入目标市场的关键。
Luck is even more interesting and I'd probably argue that luck isn't really an unfair advantage.
运气更有趣，我可能会说运气并不是一种不公平的优势。
I'd probably put it into the fair play section instead.
我可能会把它放在公平竞争部分。
Yeah, there are gonna be some lucky breaks that are, as Professor McGonagall says...
是的，会存在一些幸运的突破，正如麦格教授所说......
Sheer, dumb luck.
纯粹的运气。
But a lot of the time, we can sort of manufacture our own luck by just exposing ourselves in a non-weird way to more things.
但是很多时候，我们可以通过以一种不奇怪的方式让自己接触更多的东西来制造自己的运气。
Ash and Hasan talked about this in the book as well, take more action, do more things, meet more people, go to more events, blog about your startup, produce things and publish them, get feedback, put more stuff out into the world.
阿什和哈桑在书中也谈到了这一点，采取更多的行动，做更多的事情，结识更多的人，参加更多的活动，写博客介绍你的创业公司，制作物料并发布，获得反馈，向世界展示更多的内容。
And the idea is that as we expose ourselves to more of these opportunities, we get a lot more luck coming our way, so in a way the more of this stuff we do, the more of a surface area we have for serendipity.
这个想法是，当我们让自己接触更多这样的机会，我们会得到更多的运气，所以在某种程度上，我们做的事情越多，我们就有越有可能被偶然发现。
The more we allow luck to appear and then we can take advantage of it.
我们越是允许运气出现，然后我们就可以利用它。
So I think that's more a sort of fair advantage rather than an unfair advantage.
所以我认为这更像是一种公平的优势，而不是不公平的优势。
Moving on, the E stands for education and expertise.
接下来，E 代表教育和专业知识。
Right, let's be honest, having a fancy degree from a fancy university probably is an unfair advantage, depending on what you're going for, like let's say hypothetically, you wanted to start a YouTube channel aimed initially at medical students.
对，老实说，拥有一流大学的一流学位可能是一个不公平的优势，这取决于你想要什么，就像假设，你想创办一个最初针对医学生的 YouTube 频道。
If you happen to be a medical student at Cambridge University, which is famously a good university, you'd probably wanna plug that wherever you could because yeah, that's your unfair advantage.
如果你碰巧是剑桥大学的医科学生，剑桥大学是一所著名的好大学，你可能会想尽一切可能利用这一点，因为是的，这是你不公平的优势。
It's something that other people in that space can't replicate very easily and therefore it becomes more interesting, more brandable.
这是那个领域的其他人无法轻易复制的东西，因此它变得更有趣，更有品牌价值。
Beyond that, in the book Ash and Hasan say that there are basically three benefits to a good education: knowledge, network, and signalling.
除此之外，阿什和哈桑在书中说，良好的教育基本上有三个好处：知识、网络和信号。
But to be honest for me and most of my friends, the majority of our medical knowledge comes from books and the internet, not from our fancy university degrees.
但老实说，对我和我的大多数朋友来说，我们大部分的医学知识来自书籍和互联网，而不是我们花哨的大学学位。
When it comes to network, yeah, fair enough, being at university unlocks a certain type of network.
说到人脉，是的，很公平，在大学开启了某种类型的人脉。
But when it comes to signalling, like increasingly, especially in the startup world, people are caring less and less about where you went to university and much more about what you've been doing on the sides or what skills you can bring to the table.
但是当谈到信号时，尤其是在创业世界，人们越来越不关心你在哪里上的大学，而是更关心你在兼职时做了什么或者你能带来什么技能。
Our value, you know, the unfair advantage doesn't necessarily come from the specific qualification that we've got, although it can, but more often than not, these days it's coming more from our expertise and that is something that we can build on our own by learning in our own time and education.
我们的价值，你知道，不公平的优势不一定来自我们所拥有的特定资格，尽管它可以，但现在更多的时候，它更多地来自我们的专业知识，这是我们可以通过在自己的时间和教育中学习来建立的。
It's not just something that's done to us until the age of 22. It's a lifelong endeavour that you can, you know, take online classes and stuff.
这不仅仅是 22 岁之前对我们做的事情。这是你一生的努力，你知道，你可以参加在线课程之类的。
In fact, if you want, you can even check out my own online class on how to edit videos if you wanna become a YouTuber and stuff, and Skillshare, link in the video description, not sponsored.
事实上，如果你愿意，你甚至可以查看我自己的在线课程，了解如何编辑视频，如果你想成为 YouTuber 之类的，还有 Skillshare，链接就在描述栏中，没有赞助。
Finally, we have S for status.
最后，S 代表地位。
And of course status can be an unfair advantage.
当然，地位可能是一种不公平的优势。
Elon Musk's status in the world is so high right now that if he starts any new company, it's guaranteed to be successful in some way or at least everyone's gonna hear about it regardless of how ridiculous the name is.
埃隆·马斯克现在在世界上的地位如此之高，以至于如果他创办任何一家新公司，它肯定会在某种程度上取得成功，或者至少每个人都会听到，不管这个名字有多荒谬。
In the book, Ash and Hasan talk about how we can develop inner status, so things like confidence and self-esteem and how this can help us if we don't have the outward status of people like Elon Musk.
在书中，阿什和哈桑谈到了我们如何发展内在地位，比如自信和自尊，以及如果我们没有像埃隆·马斯克这样的外在地位，这将如何帮助我们。
And to be honest, I fully agree with the thesis that it's really important to develop confidence and self-esteem and all that stuff in ourselves.
老实说，我完全同意这个论点，即培养自信和自尊以及我们自己的所有东西非常重要。
I just think it's a little bit contrived to put that under the status segment because, I don't know, I think it's more of a fair advantage, like anyone could gain more confidence and self-esteem and stuff if they put the effort into it, therefore I see that more as a fair advantage rather than as an unfair advantage that some people are just gonna have.
我只是觉得把它放在地位部分有点做作，因为，我不知道，我认为这更像是一个公平的优势，就像任何人都可以获得更多的自信和自尊之类的东西，如果他们付出努力，因此我认为这更像是一个公平的优势，而不是一些人会拥有的不公平的优势。
So the idea behind this MILES framework is that we can use the categories to help us figure out what our own unfair advantages are but this stuff isn't just for people wanting to start a business or to be entrepreneurs.
MILES 框架背后的想法是，我们可以使用分类来帮助我们弄清楚我们自己的不公平优势是什么，但这东西不仅仅适用于想创业或想成为企业家的人。
Going back to sort of our hypothetical audience, a first-year university student, what is the value in them understanding this idea of unfair advantages?
回到我们假设的观众，一个一年级的大学生，他们理解不公平优势有什么价值？
Well, yeah, any career path that you wanna take, you wanna know what you're good at, naturally.
嗯，是的，任何你想走的职业道路，你自然地会想知道你擅长什么。
So there's this concept which is double down on your strengths, don't try and bring up necessarily from a career point of view or a business point of view, bring up your weaknesses, focus on your strengths, but in your personal life, focus on your weaknesses of where you can bring up your weaknesses.
所以有一个概念是加倍强调你的优势，不要试图从职业或商业的角度提及你的弱点，专注于你的优势，但是在你的个人生活中，专注于你的弱点，你可以提及你的弱点。
You need to know what is gonna be the path that's least resistance for you.
你需要知道对你来说阻力最小的道路是什么。
So to determine the path of least resistance, you kind of have to know where do you have an unfair advantage.
所以为了确定阻力最小的路径，你必须知道哪里有不公平的优势。
What would you say to people who say that they don't have any unfair advantages?
对于那些说自己没有任何不公平优势的人，你会怎么说？
Everybody has unfair advantages.
每个人都有不公平的优势。
What might seem like a disadvantage, you can actually turn into an advantage.
看起来像是劣势的东西，你实际上可以把它变成优势。
So one example is having little money, which a lot of are starting off in business might have little money, with very, very tight budget, or hardly anything to invest.
一个例子是资金拮据，很多刚开始做生意的人可能没什么钱，预算非常非常紧张，或者几乎没有什么可投资的。
That's how I started off, just hardly anything.
这就是我开始时的状况，几乎什么都没有。
I had saved up some student loan, maintenance grant, and loans and stuff, and I just kind of saved them up and been a bit frugal with them which really helped.
我当时已经存了一些学生*款贷**、维持补助金和*款贷**之类的东西，我只是把它们存起来，节省地使用，这真的很有帮助。
But having little money makes you more creative.
但是钱少会让你更有创造力。
The necessity is the mother of invention kinda thing.
需求是发明之母。
I've had lot of startup founders kind of pitch us and when they've had money behind them, their path to growth, it's like, yeah, Google ads and Facebook ads.
有很多初创公司的创始人向我们推销，当他们有资金支持时，他们的成长之路，就像，是的，谷歌广告和脸书广告。
But there's no creativity there, you're just burning money and it's gonna be very difficult to sustain that, especially in the early days before you know that the market, the customers really like your product.
但是没有创造力，你只是在烧钱，很难维持下去，尤其是在早期，你不知道市场、客户真的喜欢你的产品。
You don't wanna be doing that, having less money and less status, less a socioeconomic status, can give you more of a fire in your belly to succeed.
你不想这样做，钱少，地位低，社会经济地位低，会给你更多成功的动力。
I knew some really well off kids in university and they just were playing World of Warcraft, had no motivation whatsoever to get a job.
我在大学里认识一些非常富裕的孩子，他们只是玩魔兽世界，没有任何找工作的动机。
So that can be a downside, so not necessarily being born rich is a good thing.
所以这可能是一个劣势，所以生来富有不一定是件好事。
Being in the wrong location, just to give one more example, you can be in a great location like London or I don't know, the Bay Area in San Francisco but rents are gonna be higher and everybody's gonna be fighting over the same talent that your runway in terms of how much you have to spend on living, cost of living basically, is gonna be super high.
在错误的位置，再举一个例子，你可以在一个很好的位置，比如伦敦，或者我不知道，旧金山的海湾地区，但是租金会更高，每个人都会在你的赛道上争夺同样的人才，就你必须在生活上花多少钱而言，基本上，生活成本会非常高。
Whereas if you live in the middle of nowhere where costs are cheap, a lot of people go to Southeast Asia for that reason, actually.
然而，如果你生活在一个成本低廉的偏远地区，实际上，很多人就是因为这个原因去东南亚的。
There's pros and cons, it's a double-edged sword.
有利有弊，这是一把双刃剑。
The final idea from the book that I wanna talk about is related to mindset.
这本书中我想谈的最后一个观点与思维模式有关。
You might have come across Carol Dweck's idea of the growth mindset and the fixed mindset.
你可能会遇到卡罗尔·德韦克关于成长型思维和固定思维的想法。
It's based on research that she's done when they got a class of 10-year-olds and they gave them a challenge that was a little bit too hard for them.
这是基于她所做的研究，当时他们有一班 10 岁的孩子，他们给了他们一个对他们来说有点太难的挑战。
Some of them reacted in a shockingly positive way.
他们中的一些人做出了令人震惊的积极反应。
They said things like, "I love a challenge," or "I was hoping this would be informative." They understood that their abilities could grow through their hard work.
他们说，“我喜欢挑战”，或者“我希望这能提供信息。”他们明白自己的能力可以通过努力工作而增长。
They had what I call a growth mindset but other children, for them it was tragic, catastrophic.
他们有我所说的成长型思维，但对其他孩子来说，这是悲惨的，灾难性的。
From their more fixed mindset perspective, their core intelligence had been tested.
从他们更固定的思维模式来看，他们的核心智力已经得到了考验。
I've been preaching about this growth mindset stuff for years to my friends and family and anyone who listened.
多年来，我一直在向我的朋友、家人和任何倾听的人宣扬这种成长型思维。
Basically, you know, this is this idea that our abilities aren't fixed, we can grow, everything is a learning experience and that's why I have less than zero qualms about putting my hand up to ask a question in class or in a lecture, or looking like an idiot because I recognised that it's all a work in progress, it's all part of the process of improving, it's all part of the growth mindset.
基本上，你知道，这是一个想法，我们的能力不是固定的，我们可以成长，每件事都是一次学习经历，这就是为什么我对于在课堂上或讲座上举手问问题，或者看起来像个白痴没有任何疑虑，因为我认识到这都是半成品，都是进步过程的一部分，都是成长型思维的一部分。
But one of the issues with the growth mindset, in fairness, is that you can kinda take it too literally.
但公平地说，成长型思维的一个问题是你可能有点太字面化了。
So taking this sort of thing into account, Ash an Hasan in the book talked about an evolution of the growth mindset that they call the reality growth mindset.
考虑到这种情况，阿什安·哈桑在书中谈到了成长型思维的演变，他们称之为现实成长型思维。
This mindset encourages us to try to strike a balance between self awareness and self belief.
这种思维模式鼓励我们努力在自我意识和自我信念之间取得平衡。
As they say in the book, "The reality growth mindset is about having your feet rooted on the ground with your head in the clouds." So again, this is one of those paradoxical things which is like, we're all humans, we're all cut from the same cloth.
正如他们在书中所说，“现实成长型思维在于你要脚踏实地，仰望星空。”所以，这又是一个自相矛盾的事情，就像，我们都是人，我们都来自同一块布。
Whatever somebody else can achieve, I can achieve versus don't kill yourself trying to achieve and feel bad and get depressed about it, because not everybody's born with the same opportunities and the same talents.
“无论别人能实现什么，我都能实现”对“不要为了实现而折磨自己并为此感到难过和沮丧，因为不是每个人生来就有同样的机会和同样的天赋”。
But what can we learn from them anyway?
但是我们能从他们身上学到什么呢？
So having that balanced outlook rather than just pedestalizing them, and go, "Wow, they're amazing, "nobody's like them, Elon Musk is an alien robot." But then versus saying, "Anybody could do it." When we think about success, we can think about all the things that we don't have going for us.
所以拥有这种平衡的观点，而不仅仅是贬低它们，然后说，“哇，它们太棒了”，没有人像它们一样，埃隆·马斯克是一个外星机器人。”而是说“任何人都能做到”。当我们想到成功，我们可能会想到所有我们没有的东西。
We can fixate on the privileges that we don't have but when we do that, we blind ourselves to the unfair advantages, the competitive edge that we do have.
我们可能会专注于我们没有的特权，但是当我们这样做的时候，我们忽略了不公平的优势，我们确实拥有的竞争优势。
We often don't appreciate that wherever we are, whatever stage of life we're in, we've got so much to be grateful for.
无论我们在哪里，无论我们处于人生的哪个阶段，我们常常不知道有很多值得感激的东西。
As Ash and Hasan talked about in their book, "It's not about focusing on the negatives, it's about knowing the realities and leveraging the unfair advantages that we do have to help us live our best lives." Thank you for watching.
正如阿什和哈桑在他们的书中所说，“这不是关注负面因素，而是了解现实，利用我们所拥有的不公平优势来帮助我们过上最好的生活。”感谢收看。