项目标签

设计公司:中国建筑设计研究院有限公司

位置: 中国

类型: 建筑

材料: 石材 金属 钢 混凝土

标签: 北京

分类: 体育场（大型室外场馆） 体育建筑 体育馆（室内运动空间）

#新农村自建房#

国家雪车雪橇中心位于延庆赛区南区中部的一块北高南低的山脊坡地，高程分布自896m至1017m，赛道垂直落差121m，赛道长度1975m，设置16个弯道 (其中第11弯道为回旋弯)，最高速度135km/h，最大加速度4.9g，赛道设置5个出发区 (其中一个为大众体验使用)，赛道制冷采用环保节能效果最好的氨制冷系统。主要建设内容包括赛道、出发区、结束区、运行与后勤综合区、出发训练道(冰屋)及团队车库、制冷机房等。

▼国家雪车雪橇中心轴测图，National Sliding Center – Axon © 中国建筑设计研究院

The National Sliding Center is located in the middle of the southern part of the Yanqing Competition Zone, on a high north-south ridge. The altitude ranges from 896m to 1017m. The vertical drop of the track is 121m and the length of the track is 1975m, with 16 bends (bend 11 is spiral bend). The track has five start houses (one of them is for massive experiment), a maximum speed of 135km/h and a maximum acceleration of 4.9g. The track is cooled by the most environmentally friendly and energy-efficient ammonia refrigeration system. The main construction includes the track, Start House, Finish House, Operation and Logistic Compound, the start training track (push track), Team Garage, Refrigeration Plant, etc.

▼从冬奥村看蜿蜒的雪车雪橇中心，View from the Olympic village © 孙海霆

▼从赛道的屋顶步道看向出发区1、2、3，View to the Start House 1, 2 and 3 from the rooftop walk © 孙海霆

▼出发区1内景：赛道与观众看台，Interior view of the Start House 1 © 张玉婷

▼出发区2外景，Exterior view of the Start House 2 © 孙海霆

国家雪车雪橇中心用地面积约18.69hm2，建筑面积5.26万m2，其赛道是国际雪车联合会认证的亚洲第三条、世界第17条雪车雪橇赛道。观众经由延庆冬奥村南侧的安检广场，转而向西，沿着山谷中900m塘坝上的宽阔步道及连接步行桥，抵达赛道下方的隧道口，“凌水穿山”，进入观众主广场。

The National Sliding Center has a site area of 18.69hm2 and a construction area of 52,600m2. Its track is the third in Asia and the 17th in the world to be certified by the International Bobsleigh & Skeleton Federation. The audience passes through the security inspection square on the south side of Yanqing Winter Olympic Village, turns to the west, follows the wide footpath on the 900m dam in the valley and the connecting pedestrian bridge, arrives at the tunnel entrance below the track, “Ling Shui Chuanshan”, and enters the main audience square.

▼螺旋弯北望出发区、结束区，View to the Start Houses and the Finish Houses © 张玉婷

▼钢架雪车在螺旋弯赛道上飞驰，The Skeleton speeding around the spiral track © 孙海霆

▼从赛道檐下看运营区、观众广场及螺旋弯，View to the Operation Compound and Audience plaza from the sheltered space of the track © 张玉婷

▼悬挑于赛道之上的运营综合区，Operation and Logistic Compound hanging above the tracks © 刘紫骐

▼结束区观众席，spectator seats in the Finish House © 孙海霆

国家雪车雪橇中心由赛道形状和遮阳设计带来的独特建筑形态，宛如一条游龙飞腾于山脊之上，使其成为具有突出标志性特征的场馆。雪车雪橇场馆设计的重要特点是研发并应用了地形气候保护系统TWPS (Terrain Weather Protection System)， 解决了“南坡变北坡”的设计难题，其设计理念、技术实施路径和遮阳系统的生成与设计、钢木组合结构、屋面系统等专项技术及成果都达到世界领先水平。屋顶步道游廊设计使游客在观赛之余还可以沿长长的赛道回环攀升，登高望远，欣赏赛区美景。

The distinctive architectural form brought about by the track shape and shading structure design of National Sliding Center is like a dragon flying above the ridge, making it a venue with iconic features. An essential feature of the design of the National Sliding Center is the development and application of the Terrain Weather Protection System (TWPS), which solves the design problem of “the south slope changes into the north slope”. The design and application of the shading system, steel-wood composite structure, roofing system, and other unique technologies and achievements have reached the world’s top-level. The rooftop walk veranda allows visitors to watch the race while climbing high above the track, allowing them to admire the beautiful scenery of the competition area.

▼国家雪车雪橇中心西南方向鸟瞰，Aerial view to the National Sliding Center from southwest © 孙海霆

4. 延庆冬奥村 Yanqing Olympic Village

延庆冬奥村位于延庆赛区南区中间河谷东部海坨山脚自然形成的冲积平原台地上，高程分布自906m至972m，紧邻赛区安检广场和山下索道站，东西向高差约30m，南北向高差约66m，平均坡度约10%，自然山林遍布，场地中间有一处原小庄科村村落遗迹。

The Yanqing Winter Olympic Village is located on a naturally occurring alluvial plain terrace in the middle of the river valley in the southern part of the Yanqing Competition Zone and at the foot of the Haituo Mountains in the east. The elevation ranges from 906m to 972m, adjacent to the security plaza and the cable car station at the bottom of the mountain. The difference in elevation is approximately 30m from east to west and 66m from north to south, with an average gradient of approximately 10%. Natural mountains and forests are everywhere. There is a relic of the original Xiaozhuangke Village in the middle of the site.

▼从国家雪车雪橇中心眺望冬奥村雪景，Aerial view to the Olympic Village from the National Sliding Center © 张玉婷

建设内容包括居住区、国际区和运营区，为运动员及随队官员提供1430床位 (不含另设的一个预留居住组团)。延庆冬奥村用地面积 11.2hm2，地上总建筑面积9.1万m2。运营区和国际区位于西侧地势较低的台地，居住区则位于东侧地势较高的台地，通过连续回环的车行道路及纵向开阖的人行步道组织在一起。

The construction includes a Residential Zone, International Zone, and Operational Zone, providing 1,430 beds for athletes and accompanying officials (excluding an additional reserved residential cluster). The Yanqing Winter Olympic Village has a site area of 11.2hm2 and a total above-ground floor area of 91,000 m2. The Operational Zone and International Zone are located on the lower terraces to the west, while the Residential Zone is located on the higher terraces to the east. They are connected by continuous looping roads and longitudinally opened pedestrian walkways.

▼从车橇隧道入口东望冬奥村，View to the Olympic Village from the entrance to the sliding channel © 杨耀钧

延庆冬奥村的主要特色一是采用山地村落的分散式、半开放院落格局，建筑、广场自南向北顺地势叠落，逐渐消解地形高差，整个“冬奥山村”的层层坡顶、平台和庭院，对话周围山形水系；暖廊系统利用地下及地上室内连廊联通所有居住组团和公共空间，是适应全天候的室内无障碍通道；二是修缮后的小庄科村落遗址与绿化景观水系相结合，成为冬奥村独具特色的核心公共空间；三是通过测绘和现场考察，为场地内382棵树木编制档案，对现状树木按树径进行坐标定位并开展分类与保护工作，建筑组团和庭院的布置尽量避让现有树木，使得广场、步道和建筑分布掩映于山林地貌之中。

▼轴测图，Axon © 中国建筑设计研究院

The first significant feature of the Yanqing Winter Olympic Village is the mountain village’s decentralized, semi-open courtyard pattern. The buildings and squares cascade down the terrain from south to north, gradually dissipating the differences in elevation. Throughout the Yanqing Winter Olympic Village, the sloping roofs, terraces, and courtyards dialogue with the surrounding mountainous water system. The warm corridor system uses underground and above-ground indoor corridors to connect all residential clusters and public spaces and is an all-weather accessible indoor pathway. The second feature is the combination of the restored Xiaozhuangke Village site and the green landscape water system, which has become a unique public space for the Yanqing Winter Olympic Village. The third feature is the documentation of the 382 trees on the site through mapping and site visits and the classification and conservation of these trees according to their diameter. Building clusters and courtyards have been arranged to avoid existing trees as much as possible so that the plazas, walkways, and buildings are set within the landscape of the mountains and forests.

▼运动员组团，The residential cluster © 孙海霆

▼运动员组团间花园南望，A garden within the residential cluster © 张音玄

▼树木掩映的运动员组团与远山，The residential cluster surrounded by plants © 孙海霆

延庆冬奥村赛后将转换为具备大众雪道及相应配套设施的滑雪酒店及四季运营的山地休闲旅游度假酒店，分为两个不同标准和规模的星级酒店统一运营，可提供600余间标准间及套间客房，满足不同人群需求，为冰雪运动、山地活动爱好者及大众服务，促进冬季冰雪运动及四季旅游。

After the Olympics, the Yanqing Winter Olympic Village will be transformed into a skiing hotel with mass slopes, supporting facilities, and a mountain leisure and tourism resort that will operate throughout the year. It will be divided into two different standards and sizes, providing more than 600 standard rooms and suites to meet the needs of different groups of people. This plan will serve enthusiasts of snow and ice sports, and mountain activity enthusiasts, as well as the general public, thus promoting winter snow and ice sports and four-season tourism.

▼从南侧北望冬奥村，View to the Olympic village from south

▼安检广场的保留树木，The preserved trees in the security square © 孙海霆

▼冬奥村层叠的木瓦屋面，The shingle roof scape © 孙海霆

5. 延庆山地新闻中心 Yanqing Mountain Service Center

延庆山地新闻中心位于赛区南区中部、国家雪车雪橇中心东南侧一个相对独立的小山峰内，地形由北向南延伸，南北高差30m，沿台地走势依次展开，以中心的入口广场、门厅及休息厅为核心，向南北两翼延伸；包括门厅、咨询服务、快餐零售、后勤服务、新闻大厅、展示中心、多功能厅、休息区、办公区等功能空间，可为新闻媒体及赛区工作人员提供国际化、专业化的服务。

The Yanqing Mountain Service Center is located in the middle of the southern part of the competition area, on a relatively independent mountain to the southeast of National Sliding Center. The topography extends from north to south, across which is a 30m difference in elevation, and spreads out in sequence along with the plateauing trend. The building includes the central entrance plaza, foyer, and lounge as the core and extend to the north and south includes a foyer, information services, a fast food retail, logistics, press hall, exhibition center, multifunctional hall, rest area, and office space. It provides international and professional services for the news media and the staff in the competition area.

▼山地新闻中心东北侧山体覆土，Aerial view to the Mountain Service Center © 张音玄

建筑采用半覆土式设计，依据原有山地北高南低的走势，建筑北部掩藏于山体地貌之下 (仅外露出主要大空间的屋顶天窗)，南端展露出层层退台，并形成景观步道和景观平台依次相连的山顶景观系统。建筑西侧设置半下沉式“大眼睛”形状的入口广场，通过门廊等人工界面整合重塑西侧的场地边界，并与周边山体形成自然衔接。

The building adopts a semi-covered soil design. The northern part of the building is concealed under the mountainous landform (only the roof skylight of the ample main space is exposed). The southern end is exposed layer by layer, forming a hilltop landscape system with a succession of landscaped walkways and platforms. A semi-sunken eye-shaped entrance plaza is located at the west of the building. The site boundary on the west side is reshaped through artificial interfaces such as portals and a natural connection with the surrounding hills.

▼山地新闻中心屋顶景观，Roof scape © 孙海霆

▼山地新闻中心二层室外走廊，Corridor on the second floor © 张音玄

山地新闻中心作为近零碳排放的特色示范建筑，其“节流”措施包括覆土建筑——利用种植屋面和被动式技术等降低建筑运行能耗；其“开源”措施包括结合大空间天窗设计的屋顶光伏一体化系统等。山地新闻中心赛后将转换为山地温泉水疗中心，并与临近的冬奥村滑雪度假酒店联动运营，使其成为大众休憩疗养的理想之所。

As a demonstration building with near-zero carbon emissions, the Yanqing Mountain Service Center’s cost-saving measures include cladding – using planted roofs and passive technologies to reduce energy consumption in the building’s operation. Its increasing income measures include an integrated rooftop photovoltaic system incorporating large skylights. The Yanqing Mountain Service Center will be converted into a mountain spa after the competition and will be operated in conjunction with the adjacent Yanqing Winter Olympic Village Skiing Resort Hotel, making it an ideal place for public recreation and relaxation.

▼山地新闻中心大厅，The main hall © 张音玄

6. 西*庄大**科村 Xidazhuangke Village

西*庄大**科村位于赛区西南部，紧邻国家雪车雪橇中心。在保持并延续原有的山村格局、肌理和风貌的基础上，进行修缮、改造和提升，注入现代活力。全部村民妥善就地安置，赛时为冬奥服务，赛后转换入冰雪产业。开创和实践了冬奥模式下既有山村改造与大型赛事及赛后服务功能结合的社会可持续发展模式，提升了村民的获得感和幸福感，是“共享办奥”的典范

Xidazhuangke Village is located in the southwest of the race area, next to the National Sliding Center. On the basis of maintaining and continuing the original pattern, texture and appearance of the mountain village, it is repaired, renovated and upgraded to inject modern vitality. All villagers are properly resettled in the area, serving the Winter Olympics Game and converting into the ice and snow industry after game. The project has created and practiced a sustainable social development model that combines the transformation of existing mountain villages with large-scale events and post-competition services under the Winter Olympics model, enhancing the villagers’ sense of achievement and happiness, and is a model of “sharing the Olympics”.

▼从西*庄大**科村南侧眺望延庆赛区，Aerial view to Yanqing Zone from Xidazhuangke Village © 刘紫骐

▼从雪车雪橇中心西望西*庄大**科村，Aerial view from the National Sliding Center © 刘紫骐

▼西*庄大**科村街景，Street view © 刘紫骐

7. 延庆赛区基础设施 Infrastructure of Yanqing Zone

建设综合管廊引入外部市政管线，包括造雪引水系统、生活供水系统、再生水系统、污水及垃圾处理系统、雨洪系统、电力系统、电信系统、热力系统等。

The construction of integrated pipework in the area introduces external municipal pipelines, including a snowmaking and water supply system, domestic water supply system, recycled water system, sewage and waste disposal system, storm flood system, electrical system, telecommunications system, thermal system, etc.

▼外部西南人视，Exterior view from southwest © 刘振

作为基础设施系统的节点建筑——一/ 二级造雪引水泵站、110kV变电站、900m及1050m水池塘坝、1290m蓄水池、输水泵站及管理用房、索道站、综合管理监控中心、天气雷达站、综合管廊监控中心、LNG站房、垃圾转运站、污水处理站等，都分别进行了精心慎重的选址和设计，采用针对性的策略和设计方式，使其适宜于所在的不同山地环境，在完全满足功能工艺需求的基础上，增强其公共性和景观性，并力图从尺度、结构、形态、材料等方面探讨生产/工业/工艺与生活/管理/景观两种既有差异性又有关联性的建筑类型表达方式。

The nodal buildings of the infrastructure system include a primary and secondary pumping station for snowmaking and water supply, 110kV Haituo station, 900m dam, 1050m dam, 1290m dam, pumping station and management room, gondola station, integrated management and monitoring center, weather radar station, integrated pipe gallery monitoring center, LNG station, garbage transfer station, sewage treatment station, etc. They have all been carefully located and designed to suit the different mountain environments in which they are located, by using tailored strategies and design approaches. The building is designed to enhance its public and landscape character while fully meeting its functional needs.

▼延庆赛区基础设施布局，Infrastructure of Yanqing Zone – Master plan © 中国建筑设计研究院

其中具有代表性的两个造雪引水泵站、两个110kV变电站、两个水池塘坝，作为“山林场馆，生态冬奥”不可或缺的重要组成部分，形成一种异化于城市空间的具有“山林”特色的基础设施建筑。

It also tries to explore two different and related expression modes of building types: production / industry / technology and life / management / landscape from the aspects of scale, structure, form and materials. As an indispensable part of the “Mountain Forest Venue, Ecological Winter Olympics”, the two pumping stations for snowmaking and water supply, two 110kV substations, and two dams form an infrastructure separated from the urban space and has a mountain-forest character [7].

1) 造雪引水一级泵站及水厂 Primary pumping station and water plant

▼生产院落檐下，Production courtyard © 孙海霆

▼监控中心露台向东俯瞰生活院落，Aerial view to the inhabitant courtyard © 孙海霆

2) 造雪引水二级泵站 Secondary pumping station and water plant

▼二级泵站西侧鸟瞰，Aerial view to the secondary pumping station © 孙海霆

▼西南半山人视，Perspective from southwest © 孙海霆

▼二级泵站眺望赛区，Overlook to the competition zone from the pumping station © 孙海霆

3) 海坨110kV变电站 110kV Haituo station

▼变电站南向鸟瞰，Aerial view to the Haituo station

▼东北沿道路人视，View from the road © 张广源

4) 其他部分基础设施 Other parts of the infrastructure

▼中间平台（B1、B2索道中站，C索道下站），Middle platform

▼污水处理站，Sewage treatment station

▼玉渡110kV变电站，110kV Yudu Station

▼1050塘坝，1050m dam

▼3号生活泵房及PS200造雪泵房， No.3 living water pumping station and PS200 snowmaking pumping station

▼国家雪车雪橇中心总平面National Sliding Center – Masterplan © 中国建筑设计研究院

▼延庆山地新闻中心总平面图Yanqing Mountain Service Center – Master plan © 中国建筑设计研究院

▼延庆冬奥村总平面图Yanqing Olympic Village – Masterplan © 中国建筑设计研究院