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Hello and welcome back to English with Lucy. Today I've got a grammar video for you.
大家好，欢迎回到“跟着 Lucy 学英语”。今天，我给你们带来的是一个语法视频。
I know it's been a while since I did a grammar video, but a lot of you have asked for a video on modal verbs, so here it is. Today I'm going to introduce you to modal verbs.
我知道自上一个语法视频以来已经很久了，但是很多人要求做一个情态动词的视频，所以这个就是啦。今天我要给大家介绍情态动词。
I'm going to tell you the rules, how to use them, when to use them. Do note that there are a lot of different situations in which you need to use different modal verbs.
我要介绍情态动词的规则，怎么使用、何时使用它们。请一定要注意，有很多不同的情形需要使用不同的情态动词。
And it would be impossible for me to go through them all, so this is an introduction. And hopefully, you will leave the lesson feeling a lot more comfortable when using modal verbs.
而我不可能把它们都讲完，所以这仅仅是一个介绍。希望你学完这一课能更加自如地使用情态动词。
Let's get started. So firstly, what are modal verbs?
那就开始吧。首先，什么情态动词？
Well, they are part of a larger category called auxiliary verbs. And these are verbs that add meaning to another verb.
它们是一个叫做“助动词”的词类下面的一个小类。这些动词会给其他动词增添一些意义。
Now modal verbs are special because they follow a strict set of rules and they are used in a very specific way. I'm going to talk about the nine modal verbs today.
情态动词是特殊的，因为它们遵循着一套严格的规则，它们的使用方法也很特殊。我今天要跟大家讲解九个情态动词。
Don't get them confused with the semi models that only follow some of the modal verb rules. Now, if I ask you right now to tell me the nine modal verbs, would you be able to tell me them?
不要把它们跟“半情态动词”搞混了，因为它们只需遵守情态动词的一部分规则。好的，如果我现在就请大家告诉我这九个情态动词，你们能说出来吗？
If you can, that's great, but for those who can't, I've got a really easy way of remembering them. We've got 3 m's, 2 w's, 2 c's and 2 s's.
如果能说出来那就太棒了，但如果说不出来，我有一个非常简单的方法记住它们。就是：三个M，两个W，两个C，以及两个S。
So when you write them out in a pattern, it's much much easier to remember them all. So we've got the 3 m's. We've got must, might, and may.
所以当你用这种方式把它们写下来，就会更轻松地把它们都记住。先看三个M，分别是must，might 和 may。
We've then got the 2 w's: will, and would. We've then got the 2 c's: can and could.
然后是两个W，will 和 would。接下来是两个C，can 和 could。
And then the two s's: shall and should. Remember, will and would our special.
再然后是两个S：shall 和 should。请记住，will 和 would 有点儿特别。
In spoken and informal language, they can be contracted, so will can turn into apostrophe double L: I will, I'll, and would can turn into apostrophe D, so we have she would, she'd. Now the majority of these modal verbs express different meaning depending on the context, so you really have to understand the sentence or question as a whole.
在口语和非正式的语言中，它们可以缩写，will 可以写成撇号加两个“L”，I will可写成 I'll，would 可以写成撇号加字母D，所以 she would 可写成 she'd。大多数情态动词根据上下文会表达不同的含义，所以你一定要把句子或问句当做一个整体来理解。
I'm going to help you with this today. Later on in the video we can talk about the different meanings that each modal verb can express
今天我就要帮大家了解这些。稍后的视频中我们会谈到每个情态动词的不同的含义。
But firstly, we need to go through the rules. What can you do with them?
但首先，我们需要了解一下这些规则，有它们我们可以做什么？
What can't you do with them? Without these rules, you're going to find it very difficult to use them.
我们不可以做什么？ 如果没有这些规则，你会发现很难使用情态动词。
But the good news is that all of these rules apply to the nine modal verbs that we're looking at in this lesson. So rule number one, infinitives come after modal verbs but without to.
但是好消息是，所有这些规则均适用于九个情态动词，也就是我们这次课讲到的全部内容。规则1：动词不定式出现在情态动词之后，但是不带to。
OK, so we're saying I might eat pizza. I can play football.
所以我们可以说：我也许吃披萨。我会踢足球。
Rule number 2, modal verbs take no s in the third person singular. She must leave.
规则2：情态动词的第三人称单数不加 s。她必须离开。
Or it might happen. Rule number three, modal verbs do not change their form according to tense, so they've got no past form and they've got no future form.
或者：它可能发生。规则3：情态动词不会随着时态发生词形变化，所以它们没有过去式，也没有将来式，
It just stays the same. So the easy way of remembering it is modal verbs don't change, they stay exactly as they are.
它们始终不变。记住它们的简单的方法是：情态动词不变形，它们总是保持原形。
So rule number four, we use modal verbs in negative sentences like we do with other auxiliary verbs, ie, without the word do. So the way we use modal verbs in negative sentences is subject, modal verb, not, verb.
：我们在否定句中使用情态动词跟其他助动词是一样的，即没有“do”。所以我们在否定句里使用情态动词的句型是：主语+情态动词+not+动词。
Let's look at some examples. You must not eat my food.
让我们来看一些例子。你不能吃我的食物
You must not eat my food. Or I can not speak French.
你不能吃我的食物。或者：我不会说法语。
I cannot speak French. So it's always in that order, just like we would with other auxiliary verbs.
我不会说法语。所以它总是这样的语序，就像其他助动词一样。
Now remember, you must learn the contractions for the negatives, which are used quite frequently in spoken or informal language. Might, might not, mightn't.
还请记住，你必须学会情态动词否定式的缩略形式，它们常常出现在口语或非正式的交流中。Might，might not，mightn't。
Must, must not, mustn't. May, may not, no contraction.
Must，must not，mustn't。May，may not，无缩略形式。
Can, cannot, can't. Could, could not, couldn't.
Can，cannot，can't。Could，could not，couldn't。
Will, will not, won't. Would, would not, wouldn't.
Will，will not，won't。Would，would not，wouldn't。
Shall, shall not, shan't. Should, should not, shouldn't.
Shall，shall not，shan't。Should，should not，shouldn't。
OK, so those were the negative contractions. Number five, easy now we've looked at number four, with interrogative phrases modal verbs are used like other auxiliary verbs: modal verb, subject, verb.
好了，这些就是否定式的缩略形式。：知道了规则 4 就很简单了，在疑问句当中，情态动词的用法跟其他助动词一样：情态动词+主语+动词。
Some examples, can you help me? Can you help me?
例如：你可以帮我吗？你可以帮我吗？
Will you let him? Will you let him?
你会同意他吗？你会同意他吗？
So those were the rules. Now let's have a look at the individual modal verbs and how and when we can use them.
这就是规则。现在我们来一个一个看看这些情态动词是怎么用的，什么时候用。
So firstly, let's look at might. Might can be used to show possibility.
先来看看 might。Might 可以用来表示可能性。
They might be eating lunch. Or she might give us a discount.
他们可能正在吃午餐。或：她可能给我们一个优惠。
Then we have may. May can also be used to show possibility.
接下来是 may。May 也可以用来表示可能性。
The teacher may be late today. And it can also be used to ask for permission.
今天老师可能迟到了。它也可以用于请求准许。
May I leave now? Note that using may to ask for permission can be seen as quite formal.
我现在可以离开吗？请注意，使用 may 请求准许会被看作非常正式的用法。
Then we have must. Must can be used to show probability or to make a logical assumption.
下一个是 must。Must 可以用来表示可能性或进行逻辑上的推断。
She must be stuck in traffic. Must can also be used to show necessity.
她一定是堵车了。Must 还可以用来表达必要性。
I must go home right now. And it can also be used to show prohibition.
我现在必须回家。它还可以用于禁止做某事。
You must not smoke here. Then we have will.
你不能在这儿抽烟。下一个是 will。
Will can be used to indicate future time. I will leave at seven o'clock.
Will 可以用于表示将来的时间。我将在早七点离开。
It can also be used to make a promise or to show willingness. I will give money to charity this Christmas.
它也可以用于做出承诺或表明意愿。我今年圣诞节会捐钱给慈善机构。
It can also be used to ask a polite question. Will you help me with this, for example.
它也可以用于礼貌的询问。你可以帮我做一下这个吗？
Then we have would. Again, would can be used to ask a polite question.
接下来是 would。Would 也可以用来进行一个礼貌的询问。
Would you help me with this? It can also be used for invitations or preferences or desires.
你可以帮我做一下这个吗？它还可以用于邀请或表达喜好或愿望。
I would like a cup of tea. Or would you prefer apples or oranges?
我想要一杯茶。或，你要苹果还是橙子？
Then we have can. Can can be used to show ability.
下一个是 can。Can 可以用于表示能力。
I can speak English. It can also be used to suggest a possibility or give an option.
我会讲英语。它也可以用来表示一种可能性或给出一个选项。
For example, you can call him tomorrow. It could also be used to show impossibility.
例如，你可以明天给他打电话。它还可以用来表示不可能。
That can't be her. And it can also be used for a request.
那不可能是她。它也可以用于请求。
Can you help me? Could, on the other hand, can show past ability.
你能帮帮我吗？另一方面，could 可以表示过去的能力。
I could do trigonometry five years ago. It can also be used to ask a polite question.
我五年前能解三角题。它也可以用来进行礼貌的提问。
Could I call you? It can also be used to show possibility and impossibility.
我可以给你打电话吗？它也可以用来表示可能性和不可能。
She could be here. Or, she couldn't be here.
她可能在这里。或，她不可能在这里。
And it can also be used to make a suggestion. You could try doing this.
它还可以用于提出建议。你可以尝试这样做。
Then we have should. Should is used to recommend.
接下来是 should。Should 用于建议。
You should try this new bar. It can also be used to say what is correct or right.
你应该来这家新酒吧试试。它也可以用来说什么是正确的或对的。
For example, we should deal with this right now. It can also be used for an uncertain prediction.
例如：我们应该现在就处理一下这事。它也可以表达一种不确定的推测。
He should be home soon, but I'm not sure Shall, shall can be used to make an offer.
他应该快到家了，但我不确定。Shall，shall 可用于主动提出帮助。
Shall I help you with that? It can also be used for confirmation.
需要我帮帮你吗？它也可以可用于确认。
I shall meet you there at midnight. It can also be used for promises.
我会在午夜与你在那儿会面。它也可用于承诺。
You shall be the first person to know. OK, so that was my very condensed video on modal verbs.
你会是第一个知道的人。好了，这是我的非常简短的关于情态动词的视频。
So what can you do next? Well, firstly, your homework is to comment below with three sentences using modal verbs.
那么，接下来你需要做什么呢？首先，你的家庭作业是在下面评论三个使用了情态动词的句子。
I want one in affirmative, one in the negative and one in the interrogative. And up until midnight, I will correct as many as possible and then I would like you guys to correct each other.
我希望一个是肯定句，一个是否定句，一个是疑问句。一直到午夜，我会尽可能多地纠正你们，我也很希望你们互相纠正。
Don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media. Remember, I now upload lessons on Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays, so I will see you for another lesson very very soon.
不要忘记在我所有的社交媒体上联系我请记住我现在上传视频的时间是：周一、周三和周六，所以我会很快在下一个课里见到你们，很快很快！