专题一 名词
目标导航
考点突破
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词由单数变复数形式分为规则变化和不规则变化。其具体变化如下：
【注意】
•German的复数形式不是Germen,应该为Germans。
•"the +姓氏＋s"表示一家人或夫妇二人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例：
The Smiths are having dinner at home now.史密斯一家正在家吃晚饭。
•people作 "人、人们"解时，用作复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
•one of +名词的复数形式，表示"……其中之一"，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
不可数名词就是无法或不可能用数目来计算的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，也不可以用a或an或数词直接修饰。
【注意】
•经常考到的不可数名词有food, weather, news, advice, information, work,paper，homework等。•room作"空间"解时，用作不可数名词。
•在由what构成的感叹句"what+a/an+adj+n！"结构中，如果后面的名词时不可数名词，则不需加冠词a/an.例：
What delicious food it is! 多么可口的食物啊！
What bad weather it is! 多么糟糕的天气啊！
•在 "such+a/an+adj+n"结构中，如果后面的名词时不可数名词，则不需加冠词a/an.例：
It is such important news! 这是个多么重要的消息！
名词所有格用来表示人与物或物与物之间的所属关系。名词所有格的构成方式可以概括为三种：'s形式的所有格、of短语构成的所有格和双重所有格。
1．'s形式的所有格
(1) 大多数表示有生命的单数可数名词，在其后加's.如：
Mike's brother 迈克的弟弟 my father's bike我爸爸的自行车
（2）以s结尾的表示有生命的复数名词，只在s后面加'。如：
Teachers' Day 教师节 the twins'parents 双胞胎们的父母
（3）表示时间、距离、路程、国家等无生命的事物名词的所有关系，也可以加's。例：
today's newspaper 今天的报纸 ten minutes' walk 步行10分钟的路程
2.of短语构成的所有格
(1)无生命的事物名词一般用of短语来表示所有关系，其结构为 "名词＋of+名词"。例：
the door of the classroom 教室的门 a photo of my family 一张我的全家福照片
(2)当名词的定语较长时，有生命的事物名词也可以用of短语来表示所属关系。例：
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 the students of our school我们学校的学生
3.双重所有格
用of所有格和's所有格结合在一起表示所有关系的结构就构成了名词的双重所有格，主要表示特定人的不特定的所有关系。其中's表示所属关系，而of短语常侧重部分与整体的关系。例：
a friend of my father's 我爸爸的一个朋友 an old photo of Jim's 一张吉姆的旧照片
【注意】
•如果表示某事物为两人所共有，则只在第二格名词后面加's,表示所有关系。例：
Jim and Kate's father 吉姆和凯特的爸爸（吉姆和凯特是兄妹关系，他们共有一个爸爸）
•如果表示两人分别拥有某物，则在两个名词后面分别加's。例：
Jim's and Kate's bikes吉姆和凯特的自行车 (吉姆和凯特各自拥有自己的自行车)
•名词作定语时，通常是把中心词变为复数形式。如: an apple tree→two apple trees。
•man和woman作定语的情况下，变为复数时，man或woman以及后面的名词都应变为复数。例：
a man teacher→ten men teachers
a woman doctor→ three women doctors
•由"数词＋名词＋形容词"构成的复合形容词做定语时，其中的名词保持单数。如
a six-year-old boy 一个六岁的男孩 a two-month holiday 一个两个月的假期
近几年来，全国各地的中考英语试题越来越注重考查考生在语境中正确运用名词。纵观2006年和2007年全国各地中考试题，这一变化趋势非常明显，值得同学们予以注意。对于这种类型的题，单纯从语法上往往无从抉择，同学们一定要结合上下文的语境，抓住关键词，作出正确判断。例：
-What is your favorite _________?
-Summer.I can go swimming at that time.(广东省)
A. festival B.season C.month D.weather
【解析】由答语summer可知问句的意思是：你最喜爱的季节是什么？ 故选B.
中考真题演练
单项选择
1．－You didn't send me an e-mail last night,did you?
－Sorry.My _________broke down.I couldn't get online.(2007•安徽)
A.computer B.car C.clock D.camera
2．－What's your favorite subject ,Mike?
－________.It's interesting.(2006•北京)
A. Toys B. Math C.T-shirsts D. E-mail
3．I wanted to explain，but he didn't give me any ．(2006•河南)
A．excuse B．chance C．way D．choice
4－Oh, there isn't enough for us in the lift.
－No hurry. Let's wait for the next. (2006•湖北黄冈)
A. groundB. floorC. placeD. room
5．Once upon a time we Chinese made the first kite. People used kites to send _______to other places, because they didn't have telephones, computers, or even radios. (2006•山东临沂)
A. languages B. newspapers C. massages D. magazines
6．Mrs Black is a friend of____. (2006•四川资阳)
A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother
C. mother's of Mary D. Mary mother's
7．Lao She is the________ of Tea House(茶馆). (2006•陕西) A. doctor B. actor C. scientist D. writer
8．At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the_______of the running water. (2006•天津)
A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound
9． 一I'd like something to read． 一OK．Here're some________．(2006•温州)
A．CDs B．pencils C．photos D．books
10．The teacher said we needed to choose three ______ for the school concert. (2006•重庆)
A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers
11．─ What happened to you this morning ?
─ The teacher asked me for my ___ when I was late again. (2006•武汉)
A. meaning B. idea C. excuse D. answer
12．─ Is that a ?
─ Yes, There are kinds of beautiful shoes in it. Let's go and have a look. (2006•山东莱芜)
A.fruit shopB.clothes storeC.shoe storeD.book shop
13．─How is Joy's skirt?
─Her skirt is more beautiful than ___________. (2006• 兰州)
A.her sister's and Kate B.her sister and kate
C.her sister and Kate's D.her sister's and Kate's
14．If you want to sell your old house，why not put an_________in the newspaper? (2006• 锦州)
A.e-mail B.advertisement C.article D.advice
15．Don't forget to bring me a_______. I' ll post a letter. (2006• 宁波)
A. stamp B. football C. cake D. banana
16．The river through our city, which is about _________, is clean again. (2006• 泰州)
A. 6000 metres long B. 6000-metres-long
C. 6000-metre-long D. 6000 metre long
17．The restaurant is so popular here. Look, there are so many _____ here. (2006• 徐州)
A. food B. dish C. people D. waiter
18．Thomas Edison never gave up. During his lifetime, he had 1,093 . (2006• 盐城)
A. instructions B. competitions C. inventions D. injections
19．Brian is so kind that he often gives me a ________when I'm in trouble. (2006• 安徽)
A.reply B.seat C.hand D.reason
20．You may go to the ______if you want to watch Peking Opera. (2006• 大连)
A.libaray B.supermarket C.theatre D.bookshop
21． ________fathers are both scientists.( 2007湖北•咸宁)
A.Jim's and Bob B.Jim's and Bob's C.Jim and Bob's D.Jim and Bob
22. ─Would you like some________?
─No,thank you.I'm not hungry at all. ( 2007•陕西)
A.tea B.water C.bread D.coffee
23．September 10th is ___________ . ( 2007•北京西城区) A. Women's Day B. Children's Day C. Mid-autumn Day D. Teachers' Day
24．─I don't know how to use this machine.
─It doesn't matter. Here is the ________.( 2007•江西)
A.instruction B.direction C.information D.advertisement
25. ─ Excuse me, what' s the time, please?
─ Sorry. I don't have a(an)_____with me. ( 2007•福州)
26．．All the ______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday. ( 2007•重庆)
A．man B. men C. woman D. women
27．My brother hurt his __________ yesterday. He can't walk now. ( 2007•北京)
A. armB. legC. handD. eye
28．I really want to have a______, I feel so tired after such a long walk. ( 2007•温州)
A. talk B. rest C. swim D. look
29．Mr .Smith always has _____ to tell us. ( 2007•青岛)
A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of newes D. some piece of good newes
30．______room is big and bright.They like it very much. ( 2007•河北邢台)
A.Tom and Sam B.Tom's and Sam C.Tom and Sam's D. Tom's and Sam's
31．______exciting news!We've never had ________long vacation before. ( 2007•山东潍坊)
A. What,such a B.What an,such a C.How ,such a D.What ,so a
32．─Do you know how many _______a horse has and how many _______a bee has?
─Of course .I know. ( 2007•包头)
A.teeth;feet B.tooth;foot C.foot;teeth D.teeth;foot
33．─Excuse me,is the supermarket far from here?
─No,it's about ________.( 2007•宁波)
A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes' walk D. 7 minute's walk
34 There are three _____ assistants in that _______ shop. ( 2006•孝感)
A. women, shoe B. woman, shoe C. woman, shoes D. women, shoes．
35．She met _______ in the street last week. (2006•济南)
A. a friend of her mother B. a friend of her mother's
C. a mother's friend D. mother of friend
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