高考词汇拓展词汇 (高考词汇分类速记表)

高考词汇闪过,高考词汇辨析表

高考词汇辨析(五)

cure与treat的用法区别

一、含义上的区别

用作动词时,两者均可表示"治疗",但含义有所不同:cure通常强调结果,指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病;而 treat则通常强调过程,指对病人进行诊断和治疗,但不含治好的意思。比较:

A few days' rest will cure you. 休息几天你的病就好了。

This medicine will cure your cough. 这药可治好你的咳嗽。

The dentist is treating my teeth. 牙科医生在给我看牙。

Is he able to treat this disease (the wound)? 他能治这病(伤)吗?

二、搭配上的区别

注意以下两句 cure和 treat所搭配的介词不同:

The doctors cured her of cancer. 医生治好了她的癌症。

Which doctor is treating you for your illness? 哪个医生在给你看病?

有时用于引申义。如:

Parents try to cure their children of bad habits. 父母设法纠正孩子们的不良习惯。

三、词性上的区别

cure表示"治疗"时,除用作动词外,还可用作名词。若表示"对……的治疗"或"治疗……的方法",一般用介词 for。如:

Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今癌症有无有效的治疗方法?

Scientists have so far failed to provide a cure for the common cold. 科学家们到目前为止还没有找到一种治疗普通感冒的方法。

注:treat表示"治疗"时,不能用作名词,它的名词形式是treatment。如:

I'm sure this treatment will help him (to) be cured. 我相信这种治疗将有助于他痊愈。

The lorry crashed into a queue of people, several of whom had to have hospital treatment. 卡车冲进了一队人群之中,其中有几个不得不住院治疗。

lie, laid, lay, lain, lying详析

请先看一道题:

When she came several days later, she found that allthings still _______ where she had _______ them.

A. lay; laid B. laid; laid

C. lay; lain D. lying; lain

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】正确答案选A。第一空填lay,它是lie(位于,在)的过去式 lay;第二空 laid,它是 lay(放,置)的过去分词,句意为"……她发现所有东西还在她当时放它们的地方"。请注意 lie, lay的以下用法及词形变换:

(1) lay有两个常见意思:一是表示"放"、"摆"(及物),二是表示"下(蛋)"(及物或不及物)。如:

Lay your coat on the bed.把你的外衣放在床上。

Are your hens laying yet?你的母鸡下蛋了吗?

Will you please lay the table for dinner?请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗?

(2) lie有三个主要意思:一是表示"躺"或"平放",二是表示"位于",三是表示"说谎"。用于以上三义时,均为不及物动词。如:

Don't lie in bed all morning.别一个上午都躺在床上。

The book lay open on the desk.那本书摊开着放在桌上。

Don't lay your coat on the bed.不要把你的外衣放在床上。

The small town lies among the mountains.小镇位于群山之中。

I'm sorry I lied to you.我很抱歉向你撒了谎。

(3) 这两个词经常被混淆的有时不是其意思,而是其词形。注意下表所示:

before long与long before

1.before long不久,很快。如:

I'll be back before long.不久我就回来。

Before long he got married.不久他就结婚了。

2. long before

(1)老早,早就(单独使用,表示比过去某时早得多的时间)。如:

She had left long before.她老早就离开了。

That had happened long before.那事老早就发生了。

注:long ago表示"很久以前",指的是从现在算起的很久以前,通常与一般过去时连用:

I met him long ago.我很久以前就认识他了。

(2)在……的很久以前,在还没有……的很久以前。如:

She had left long before his return [he returned].在他回来的很久以前她就走了。

He had worked in the factory long before he got married.在他还没有结婚的很久以前他就在这家工厂工作了。

注:此时的主句谓语通常用过去完成时,但有时也可用一般过去时(因为 before已体现了动作的先后关系)。如:

This happened long before you were born.这事在你还没出生以前很久就发生了。

It is [was, will be] long before......在……前需要很久。如:

It was long before he came back.过了好久他才回来。

It won't be long before we see each other.不久我们又会见面的。

比较:

It wasn't long before he realized his mistake. / Before long he realized his mistake.不久他意识到了自己的错误。