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上周，长达八季的所谓史诗之作《权力的游戏》最终难逃 “神剧注定烂尾”的宿命，国产神剧式的结尾让一姐我失望透顶，只好借酒浇愁↓
"I will take what is mine with fire & blood ." --- Daenerys Stormborn
最终纵火屠城、众叛亲离的龙妈简直就是英国历史上著名残暴女王“玛丽一世”的翻版。本周我就着这个奇妙的契机来谈谈她的生平，以及由她而命名的经典鸡尾酒 --- 血腥玛丽 （Bloody Mary）。
“嗜血皇后”的故事
1.首位女王，血腥癫狂
Mary Tudor was the first queen regnant of England, reigning from 1553 until her death in 1558. Within two months of her ascension to the throne, Queen Mary I had reinstated the previously repealed Heresy Acts, which were extremely strict regulations “concerning the arresting and apprehension of erroneous and heretical preachers”—heretical in this case meaning “not Catholic.” Under the reinstated law，over 300 religious “heretics” were executed by being burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions, which earned the queen the posthumous title of “Bloody Mary.”
玛丽都铎是英格兰王朝第一位女性君主，统治时间虽仅有5年，却对整个英格兰宗教格局造成了极其深远的影响。她之所以被后世称为“血腥玛丽”，是因为在她登基仅两个月后，便颁布了极其残酷的针对（非天主教）异教徒的刑法。为了实现自己的宗教理想，她将300多人送上火刑架活活烧死（据记载，这些人当中有50多人是女性，甚至还有4个是儿童）。那么，是什么导致了这位美丽的女王如此残暴的性格呢？
Blood
2.童年创伤，复仇理想
Mary I was the only daughter of Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII of England. Mary was the only surviving child after Catherine’s previous pregnancies resulted in either a stillborn or a short-lived infant. Catherine also suffered a number of miscarriages before giving birth to Mary. During King Henry VIII divorce (it was not a divorce in the modern sense, but an annulment) from her mother. As her parents' marriage was deemed null and void, Mary was then deemed illegitimate and thus deprived for a time of her status as an heir to the throne. This fueled her rage regarding her father’s break from the Roman Catholic Church, which had previously instructed him that he could not divorce from her mother. Mary felt that if her father, King Henry VIII, had obeyed the Roman Catholic Church, she would not be seen as “illegitimate, and her right to the throne would not have been questioned. This is the foundation upon which her loyalty to Rome was laid.
玛丽一世是亨利八世和西班牙凯瑟琳公主唯一的女儿，凯瑟琳在诞下玛丽之前曾遭遇过多次流产。最终，亨利八世因为凯瑟琳无法诞下男性子嗣而“撤销”了与她的婚姻（因在天主教信仰中，离婚是不被允许的）， 玛丽也因此失去了皇位的合法继承权。亨利八世从此也与天主教彻底决裂，并烧死了很多天主教徒（like father, like son）。不难看出，玛丽对于天主教的狂热与忠诚或源于她的 “童年创伤”，以及对亨利八世的积怨与隔阂。
Avenge
3.命中注定，继承大统
After his divorce from Catherine, Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn who gave birth to Mary’s half-sister Elizabeth I. Yet Anne was eventually disgraced for not bearing a male heir. By the time of King Henry VIII’s death, however, Mary had been restored as second in line to the throne, after her half-brother Edward ( the child of the third queen Jane Seymour), who was physically weak. Edward IV and Mary had religious difference which made Edward IV wanted to erase her from the succession line.He wanted Mary’s cousin Lady Jane grey to become a queen and removed Mary from the line. It was not until 1553 that Edward died, however, by which time Protestantism had gained such ground that a rival claimant to the throne was put forward. Public sympathy remained with Mary, and she soon overcame resistance to her accession. By July 19 Jane Grey had been deposed and Mary was the undisputed Queen. Her official coronation came on November 30, 1553 .
亨利八世在与凯瑟琳离婚以后，娶了后来伊丽莎白一世的母亲安妮博林，不过安妮博林最终也没有生下男丁，所以被亨利八世砍头。亨利八世另娶第三位皇后珍西摩生下一个男孩（爱德华六世）。但爱德华天生孱弱，所以玛丽在亨利八世死前被恢复了继承权。虽然爱德华六世和玛丽有宗教分歧，并立玛丽的侄女简格雷为第一继承人，但他在年纪轻轻（15岁）便去世，而玛丽作为直系皇储显然比简更具有继承权。最终在公众的同情和舆论的支持下，玛丽发动*变政**，于1553年正式登基。
Fate
4. 政治联姻，悲情收场
Mary was 37 at the time of her accession. She knew that if she remained childless, the throne would pass to her Protestant half-sister, Elizabeth. She needed a Catholic heir to avoid the reversal of her reforms. To accomplish this goal, she arranged to marry Philip II of Spain. Her marriage to Philip II of Spain, in 1554, was unpopular even with her Catholic subjects. Philip spent very little time with Mary, once he realized that she was not able to bear a child. Mary died at the age of 42 from uterine or ovarian cancer. She was succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I, who quickly undid many of Mary's changes, and returned England to its former Protestant-friendly environment.
玛丽即位的时候已经37岁高龄了，她知道如果她没有一个天主教继承人的话，她的王位会被传给她笃信基督教的妹妹伊丽莎白。为了保证自己的变革成果不被破坏，玛丽选择嫁给了西班牙的菲利普二世。这段婚姻甚至在天主教众中都不被看好，菲利普也因为玛丽不能生育的原因极少陪伴着她。最终，玛丽在42岁的时候永远离开了世间，结束了她命途多舛的一生。
The End
血腥玛丽鸡尾酒
While the origin of the name Bloody Mary is uncertain, one thing is for sure, people love this cocktail. The Bloody Mary is a classic cocktail that people have been enjoying in the morning, or even all day, for decades. The spicy, hearty concoction is the perfect accompaniment to your favorite brunch staple and is also popular as the “hair of the dog” after a night of indulging.
无论 “血腥玛丽” 这个冷艳的名字是否因受玛丽一世悲情宿命的启发，这都是一款颇具传奇色彩、广受人们欢迎的鸡尾酒。在国外，血腥玛丽是Brunch（早午餐）的流行饮料，同时也是治疗宿醉的“常备良药”。
图片摘自IBA（International Bartender Association/国际调酒师协会）官方网站
Although there are numerous variations of the drink, the one thing that most mixologists can agree on, however, are the basic ingredients used to make a classic Bloody Mary with a few minor flavor options: vodka, tomato juice, Worcestershire sauce, salt, pepper and possibly a dash of Tabasco sauce, lemon juice and a stalk of celery for garnish. Usually,the cocktail is garnished with a stalk of celery, although you’ll also find items such as lemon, olives, carrot, pickles, even okra or shrimp adorning the glass.
血腥玛丽与其他鸡尾酒最大的不同就在于其 “酸辣” 的口感。公认的调制血腥玛丽的主要成分为：伏特加、番茄汁、柠檬汁、西洋菜和Tobasco辣椒酱，最后再插上芹菜作为装饰。
谁发明了血腥玛丽
How the drink arrived at the name Bloody Mary is a source of contention, but the invention of the drink is often credited to the bartender Fernard Petiot who worked at Harry’s New York Bar during the early 1920s. To confuse matters further, rather an American bar as the name may suggest, it was actually a bar in Paris.
作为一种 “非典型” 的美国鸡尾酒。血腥玛丽由法国人Fernard Petiot于19世纪20年代在法国巴黎发明，可他工作的酒吧却叫作 “纽约酒吧”。
Later, Petiot joined a ‘real’ American bar at the King Cole Bar of the St. Regis Hotel in New York, where he took with him his 1920s creation the Red Snapper (former name of bloody mary) —which included vodka, tomato juice, citrus and spices—on his post-Prohibition menu. Supposedly, Petiot had wanted to call the drink the Bloody Mary, but the hotel’s owner, Vincent Astor (who, coincidentally, was married to a woman named Mary) objected. The drink became a smash and was published in Crosby Gaige’s 《Cocktail Guide and Ladies’ Companion》in 1941.
19世纪40年代，Petiot真的移居了美国，并将他这款独家的特调鸡尾酒配方带到了纽约的St. Regis Hotel。他原本想将这款鸡尾酒命名为 “血腥玛丽”，但不巧的是酒店的老板刚好取了一个名叫玛丽的女人。因而，这款鸡尾酒的第一个名字其实是Red Snapper （红鲷鱼）。后因过于受追捧，风靡一时，被收录在1941出版的《鸡尾酒指南与淑女之友》里。
创意百变的装饰
Usually, the cocktail is garnished with a stalk of celery, although you’ll also find items such as lemon, olives, carrot, pickles, even okra or shrimp adorning the glass. Here are some of the more imaginative and delicious variations on The Bloody Mary.
虽然，最常见的血腥玛丽鸡尾酒是用芹菜作为装饰物点缀的。但人类的想象力是无穷的，这款经久不衰的饮品也因此衍生出许多不仅 “好看”，而且 “好吃”的版本呢。↓
健康提醒
One serving of bloody Mary mix, at 1 cup, offers about 40 to 70 calories, with 1 gram of fat, 9 to 13 grams of carbohydrates, 2 grams of fiber, 4 to 7 grams of sugar, 1 to 2 grams of protein and 1,440 to 1,489 grams of sodium.
A 2008 article in "The New York Times" reports that the bloody Mary is not entirely unhealthy, especially when made simply with tomato juice, vegetable garnish, spices and alcohol. One ingredient no one should overlook, however, is sodium. Sodium causes the body to retain water and a low sodium diet helps in controlling high blood pressure and water build up.
整体而言，以番茄汁和柠檬汁为主打的血腥玛丽鸡尾酒热量并不高，但其中所含的辣椒酱和常用的培根等装饰食品含有较高的钠，也侧面反映了这款鸡尾酒可能带来的健康隐患 ， 如水肿、高血压等。所以，此酒虽美，切莫贪杯噢~
Creator：Serena
Editor：Serena
Copyreader：Tony
Designer：Serena