柳叶刀结直肠癌综述2019 (柳叶刀讲直肠癌)

TAS-102由三氟胸苷(FTD,细胞毒药物)和tipiracil盐酸盐(胸苷磷酸化酶*制剂抑**)组成的复方制剂,tipiracil盐酸盐可阻止FTD被胸苷磷酸化酶降解,而治疗过程中,FTD插入DNA后被胸苷激酶1(TK1)磷酸化,从而阻止新的癌细胞的生成。

晚期结直肠癌治疗手段有限,化疗联合靶向治疗已进行多年,暂无重大进展。近2年兴起的免疫检测点*制剂抑**仅针对部分结直肠癌患者有效,受益人群相当有限,目前临床迫切需要针对晚期结直肠癌新的、有效性高的、副作用少的药物。TAS-102应该是近年结直癌非常有前途的新药。桓兴医讯及相关文献解读曾详细介绍过TAS-102。《新英格兰医学杂志》2015年5月1日在线先发文献介绍了RECOURE试验,该试验评价了TAS-102治疗难治性转移性结直肠癌。TAS-102组534例,安慰剂组266例,全部患者均接受过氟尿嘧啶、伊立替康、奥沙利铂和贝伐珠单抗治疗,52%的患者接受过EGFR*制剂抑**,20%的患者接受过瑞戈非尼。结果证实,TAS-102组中位总生存7.1月,较安慰剂组有显著的统计学意义;PFS、DCR也有显著统计学意义,且副作用更少。其后临床试验证实,TAS-102疗效不劣于瑞戈非尼,且副作用更少。

2015年3月20日,日本已通过了TAS-102的审批。2015年9月22日,FDA批准TAS-102用于治疗经氟嘧啶、奥沙利铂和伊立替康为基础化疗后的RAS野生型的转移性结直肠癌患者。TAS-102可用于结直肠癌的一线、二线及末线治疗,疗效不劣于瑞戈非尼,相比替吉奥更适合各种人群,是晚期结直肠癌患者福音,预计2020年中国上市。

在《柳叶刀肿瘤分册》2017年6月28日在线先发介绍的C-TASK FORCE研究,进一步证实TAS-102联合贝伐单抗治疗晚期结直肠癌有效且副作用可耐受,正如评叙所说:TAS-102的新视角:成功的TASK试验(New perspectives for TAS-102: TASK successful)。

《壹篇》吴永勇按

柳叶刀治疗结直肠癌,柳叶刀肿瘤消融治疗

柳叶刀治疗结直肠癌,柳叶刀肿瘤消融治疗

《柳叶刀肿瘤分册》2017年6月28日在线先发

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30425-4

对标准治疗耐药的转移性结直肠癌患者用TAS-102联合贝伐单抗治疗(C-TASK FORCE试验):一项由研究者发起的、开放标签、单组、多中心、1/2期研究

背景

TAS-102是三氟尿苷和地匹福林((trifluridine+tipiracil)的一种复合制剂,在密集治疗过的转移性结肠直肠癌患者中,与安慰剂相比,TAS-102显示出显著的总生存获益。在临床前的动物模型中,与TAS-102和贝伐单抗中的任一种单药相比,两药联合可增强对结直肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的抗瘤活性。在这项1/2期研究中,我们评价了TAS-102联合贝伐珠单抗的活性和安全性。

方法

我们在日本的4家癌症中心实施了这项由研究者发起的、开放标签、单组、多中心、1/2期的TAS-102联合贝伐珠单抗临床试验。符合条件的患者为年龄≥20岁、组织学证实的不可切除的转移性结直肠腺癌、对氟尿嘧啶、伊立替康、奥沙利铂、抗VEGF治疗和抗EGFR治疗(对野生型KRAS的肿瘤)耐药或不耐受、以前未用过瑞戈非尼(regorafenib)治疗,患者的ECOG体能状况评分必须为0或1分。1期试验采用剂量递减设计,从而确定出TAS-102联合贝伐单抗的2期推荐剂量(RP2D),TAS-102的2期推荐剂量为剂量水平1的28天一周期、1-5天和8-12天每日口服两次35mg/m2,联合贝伐单抗的2期推荐剂量为每2周一次5mg/kg、静脉输注30分钟。在2期试验中,患者接受RP2D。主要终点为16周时中心评价的无进展生存率,在入组、接受RP2D治疗、且至少有一次影像学评价的前21名患者中进行分析。本研究已完成并在“大学医院医学信息网”注册,编号UMIN000012883。

结果

2014年2月25日至2014年7月23日期间,我们入组了25名转移性结肠直肠癌患者:1期研究有6名患者,2期有19名。在剂量水平1接受TAS-102治疗的6名患者没有剂量限制性毒性,作为2期推荐剂量(RP2D)。接受RP2D治疗的21名患者中有9名未出现中心评价的进展事件,16周无进展生存率为42.9%(80%CI,27.8-59.0)。在所有25名患者中评估的、最常见的≥3级不良事件为中性粒细胞减少(18例[72%])、白细胞减少症(11例[44%])、贫血(4例[16%])、发热性中性粒细胞减少症(4例[16%])和血小板减少症(3例[12%])。报告了3名(12%)患者有治疗相关性严重不良事件。没有发生与治疗有关的死亡事件。

解释

对于转移性结直肠癌患者耐药时用TAS-102联合贝伐单抗治疗,疗效佳、安全可控,表明这种组合可以成为一种有潜力的治疗选择。

资助

(日本)大鹏制药(Taiho Pharmaceutical)

《壹篇》吴永勇

柳叶刀治疗结直肠癌,柳叶刀肿瘤消融治疗

柳叶刀治疗结直肠癌,柳叶刀肿瘤消融治疗

The Lancet Oncology

Published:28 July 2017 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30425-4

TAS-102 plus bevacizumab for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard therapies (C-TASK FORCE): an investigator-initiated, open-label, single-arm, multicentre, phase 1/2 study

Background

In patients with heavily treated metastatic colorectal cancer, TAS-102—a combination of trifluridine and tipiracil—has shown a significant overall survival benefit compared with placebo. In preclinical models, TAS-102 plus bevacizumab has shown enhanced activity against colorectal cancer xenografts compared with that for either drug alone. In this phase 1/2 study, we assessed the activity and safety of TAS-102 plus bevacizumab.

Methods

We did this investigator-initiated, open-label, single-arm, multicentre, phase 1/2 trial of TAS-102 plus bevacizumab in four cancer centres in Japan. Eligible patients were aged 20 years or older; had histologically confirmed unresectable, metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma; were refractory or intolerant to fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, anti-VEGF therapy, and anti-EGFR therapy (for tumours with wild-type KRAS); and had no previous treatment with regorafenib. Patients had to have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Using a dose de-escalation design in phase 1, the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was determined for TAS-102 (35 mg/m2given orally twice daily on days 1–5 and 8–12 in a 28-day cycle for level 1) plus bevacizumab (5 mg/kg, administered by intravenous infusion for 30 min every 2 weeks). In phase 2, patients received the RP2D. The primary endpoint was centrally assessed progression-free survival at 16 weeks, analysed in the first 21 patients to be enrolled and treated with the RP2D who had at least one imaging assessment. This study is completed and registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network, number UMIN000012883.

Findings

Between Feb 25, 2014, and July 23, 2014, we enrolled 25 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: six patients in phase 1 and 19 patients in phase 2. The six patients who received TAS-102 at level 1 experienced no dose-limiting toxicities and this was deemed the RP2D. Nine of 21 patients who received the RP2D did not have a centrally assessed progression event; 16-week progression-free survival was 42·9% (80% CI 27·8–59·0). The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events as assessed in all 25 patients were neutropenia (18 [72%] patients), leucopenia (11 [44%]), anaemia (four [16%]), febrile neutropenia (four [16%]), and thrombocytopenia (three [12%]). Treatment-related serious adverse events were reported in three (12%) patients. No treatment-related deaths occurred.

Interpretation

TAS-102 plus bevacizumab has promising activity with manageable safety, suggesting that this combination might become a potential treatment option for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in a refractory setting.

Funding

Taiho Pharmaceutical.

柳叶刀治疗结直肠癌,柳叶刀肿瘤消融治疗

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