来源：CNBC
How to protect yourself against monkeypox and what to do if you catch it如何保护自己免受猴痘感染，如果你感染了该怎么办
A recent monkeypox outbreak across the U.S., Europe, Australia and the Middle East has baffled health experts and is raising concerns of a wider outbreak. 最近在美国、欧洲、澳大利亚和中东爆发的猴痘疫情让卫生专家感到困惑，并引发了更大范围爆发的担忧。
As of Wednesday, there were 346 confirmed and suspected cases in 22 countries outside of Africa, where the virus is endemic, according to Our World in Data. 最近在美国、欧洲、澳大利亚和中东爆发的猴痘疫情让卫生专家感到困惑，并引发了更大范围爆发的担忧。
It marks the first known community spread of the virus. Before this outbreak, cases had been linked to travel to regions where the virus is endemic or imported animals carrying the virus. 这标志着该病毒首次在社区传播。在此次疫情爆发之前，病例与前往该病毒流行地区或携带该病毒的进口动物有关。
The majority of new cases have spread through sex, with a particular concentration among men who have sex with other men. However, the World Health Organization has cautioned that anyone could be at risk of contracting the virus. Children, pregnant woman and the immunocompromised are considered particularly at risk. 大多数新病例是通过性传播的，尤其集中在与其他男性发生性关系的男性中。然而，世界卫生组织警告说，任何人都可能有 感染 病毒的风险。儿童、孕妇和免疫功能低下者被认为特别危险。
“Anyone who has close contact with someone who is infectious is at risk,” a release on the WHO’s website said Wednesday. 世界卫生组织网站周三发布消息称:“任何与感染者密切接触的人都有风险。”
Monkeypox is a rare disease caused by the monkeypox virus, part of the same family as smallpox, although typically less severe. Smallpox vaccinations have proven 85% effective against monkeypox. 猴痘是一种由猴痘病毒引起的罕见疾病，与天花属于同一科，但通常不那么严重。事实证明，接种天花疫苗对猴痘的有效性为85%。
The WHO said Monday that it was unlikely mass vaccinations would be required to combat the spike in cases. But, given the pace of the outbreak and the lack of clarity around its cause, the public health body urged people to practice good hygiene and safe sex to help control its spread. 世卫组织周一表示，不太可能需要大规模接种疫苗来遏制病例激增。但是，考虑到疫情爆发的速度，以及对其原因的不明确，公共卫生机构敦促人们保持良好的卫生习惯和安全的*行为性**，以帮助控制疫情的传播。
Protecting yourself against monkeypox保护自己免受猴痘
While health experts agree the risks to the general public are low, there are several precautions you can take to reduce your risk of contracting the virus. 虽然健康专家同意公众面临的风险较低，但你可以采取一些预防措施来降低感染病毒的风险。
Recommendations from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.K.’s National Health Service and WHO include: 美国疾病控制与预防中心、英国国家卫生服务体系和世界卫生组织的建议包括:
Avoid coming into contact with people recently diagnosed with the virus or those who may have been infected. 避免接触最近被诊断出感染病毒的人或那些可能被感染的人
Wear a face mask if you are in close contact with someone who has symptoms. 如果与有症状的人密切接触，应佩戴口罩。
Use condoms and keep an eye out for symptoms if you have recently changed sexual partners.
Avoid coming into contact with animals that could be carrying the virus. This includes sick or dead animals and particularly those with a history of infection, such as monkeys, rodents and prairie dogs. 如果你最近更换了*伴侣性**，请使用避孕套并注意症状。
避免接触可能携带病毒的动物。这包括生病或死亡的动物，特别是那些有感染史的动物，如猴子、啮齿动物和草原犬鼠。
Practice good hand hygiene, especially after coming into contact with infected — or suspected infected — animals or humans. For instance, wash your hands with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. 保持良好的手部卫生，特别是在接触了被感染或疑似感染的动物或人之后。例如，用肥皂和水洗手或使用含酒精的洗手液。
Use personal protective equipment when caring for patients with confirmed or suspected monkeypox infection. 在护理确诊或疑似猴痘感染的患者时，使用个人防护装备。
Only eat meat that has been cooked thoroughly. 只吃熟透的肉。
Monkeypox can also be transmitted via surfaces and materials, so it’s wise to avoid touching materials that have been in contact with a sick human or animal. 猴痘还可以通过表面和材料传播，所以明智的做法是避免接触与生病的人或动物接触过的材料。
“This is a virus that is super stable outside the human host, so it can live on objects like blankets and things like that,” Dr. Scott Gottlieb, a former FDA commissioner, said Monday. “这是一种在人类宿主之外超级稳定的病毒，所以它可以在毯子等物体上生存，”前FDA专员斯科特·戈特利布(Scott Gottlieb)博士周一说。
“Good practice would be to regularly wash clothing and bedsheets at high temperature,” Emmanuel Andre, professor at medicine at Belgium’s Ku Leuven University, told CNBC on Wednesday. 周三，比利时古鲁汶大学医学教授伊曼纽尔·安德烈在接受CNBC采访时表示:“最好的做法是经常在高温下清洗衣服和床单。”
Next pandemic threat can come from everywhere, public health expert says公共卫生专家说，下一个大流行威胁可能来自各地
However, he said he did not think it would be necessary for the general public to start avoiding public areas, taxis, shopping and hotels. 不过，他表示，他认为公众没有必要开始避开公共场所、出租车、购物和酒店。
“The general population don’t need to take many more precautions than we do in usual life,” he said. “If people are in the high-risk population, where they are aware they are in a high-risk environment, then they should take extra precautions.” 他说:“普通人不需要比我们在日常生活中采取更多的预防措施。”“如果人们属于高危人群，他们意识到自己处于高风险环境中，那么他们就应该采取额外的预防措施。
What to do if you catch monkeypox
If you suspect that you may have contracted monkeypox, you should isolate yourself from physical contact with others and seek medical advice immediately. 如果你得了猴痘该怎么办
如果你怀疑你可能感染了猴痘，你应该隔离自己与他人的身体接触，并立即寻求医疗建议。
Initial symptoms of monkeypox include fever, headaches, muscle ache, swelling and backpain. Rashes and lesions then typically emerge on the face, hands, feet, eyes, mouth or genitals within one to five days. Those rashes turn into raised bumps and then blisters, which may fill with white fluid before breaking and scabbing over. 猴痘的最初症状包括发烧、头痛、肌肉疼痛、肿胀和背痛。皮疹和损伤通常会在1至5天内出现在面部、手、脚、眼睛、嘴巴或 生殖器 上。这些皮疹会变成凸起的肿块，然后是水泡，水泡中可能会充满白色液体，然后破裂和结痂。