Description
About half of all injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament occur along with damage to other structures in the knee, such as articular cartilage, meniscus, or other ligaments.
概述
前交叉韧带损伤中约有一半与膝关节其他结构（如关节软骨，半月板或其他韧带）的损伤一起发生。
Injured ligaments are considered "sprains" and are graded on a severity scale.
Grade 1 Sprains. The ligament is mildly damaged in a Grade 1 Sprain. It has been slightly stretched, but is still able to help keep the knee joint stable.
Grade 2 Sprains. A Grade 2 Sprain stretches the ligament to the point where it becomes loose. This is often referred to as a partial tear of the ligament.
Grade 3 Sprains. This type of sprain is most commonly referred to as a complete tear of the ligament. The ligament has been split into two pieces, and the knee joint is unstable.
Partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament are rare; most ACL injuries are complete or near complete tears.
受伤的韧带常被认为是“扭伤”，并按严重程度分级。
1级扭伤：在一级扭伤中韧带轻微损伤，它有轻微的拉伸，但仍然能够帮助保持膝关节稳定。
2级扭伤：在二级扭伤中韧带被拉伸到松弛的程度。通常被称为韧带的部分撕裂。
3级扭伤：这种类型的扭伤通常被称为韧带的完全撕裂。韧带已经裂成两部分，膝关节不稳定。
前交叉韧带部分撕裂少见; 大多数ACL损伤是完全或接近完全撕裂。
Cause
The anterior cruciate ligament can be injured in several ways:
- Changing direction rapidly
- Stopping suddenly
- Slowing down while running
- Landing from a jump incorrectly
- Direct contact or collision, such as a football tackle
Several studies have shown that female athletes have a higher incidence of ACL injury than male athletes in certain sports. It has been proposed that this is due to differences in physical conditioning, muscular strength, and neuromuscular control. Other suggested causes include differences in pelvis and lower extremity (leg) alignment, increased looseness in ligaments, and the effects of estrogen on ligament properties.
原因
前交叉韧带有几种损伤方式:
- 迅速改变方向
- 突然停止
- 跑步时减速
- 跳跃落地不正确
- 直接接触或碰撞，如足球铲球
多项研究表明，在某些运动项目中，女运动员ACL损伤的发生率高于男运动员。这是由于不同的身体条件，肌肉力量和神经肌肉控制上的差异所致，其他可能的原因包括骨盆和下肢的对齐方式不同，韧带松弛度增加，以及雌激素对韧带性能的影响。
