5分钟学会python编程索引 (5分钟python编程和数据分析)

1）类 Process：

eg：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import multiprocessing
import time


def worker(interval, name):
    print(name + '【start】')
    time.sleep(interval)
    print(name + '【end】')


if __name__ == "__main__":
    p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker, args=(2, '两点水1'))
    p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker, args=(3, '两点水2'))
    p3 = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker, args=(4, '两点水3'))

    p1.start()
    p2.start()
    p3.start()

    print("The number of CPU is:" + str(multiprocessing.cpu_count()))
    for p in multiprocessing.active_children():
        print("child   p.name:" + p.name + "\tp.id" + str(p.pid))
    print("END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!")

2）把进程创建成类：

eg：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import multiprocessing
import time


class ClockProcess(multiprocessing.Process):
    def __init__(self, interval):
        multiprocessing.Process.__init__(self)
        self.interval = interval

    def run(self):
        n = 5
        while n > 0:
            print("当前时间: {0}".format(time.ctime()))
            time.sleep(self.interval)
            n -= 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    p = ClockProcess(3)
    p.start()

3）daemon 属性：

eg：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import multiprocessing
import time


def worker(interval):
    print('工作开始时间：{0}'.format(time.ctime()))
    time.sleep(interval)
    print('工作结果时间：{0}'.format(time.ctime()))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    p = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker, args=(3,))
    p.daemon = True
    p.start()
    print('【EMD】')

4）join 方法：

eg：

import multiprocessing
import time


def worker(interval):
    print('工作开始时间：{0}'.format(time.ctime()))
    time.sleep(interval)
    print('工作结果时间：{0}'.format(time.ctime()))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    p = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker, args=(3,))
    p.daemon = True
    p.start()
    p.join()
    print('【EMD】')

5）Pool：

eg：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from multiprocessing import Pool
import os, time, random


def long_time_task(name):
    print('进程的名称：{0} ；进程的PID: {1} '.format(name, os.getpid()))
    start = time.time()
    time.sleep(random.random() * 3)
    end = time.time()
    print('进程 {0} 运行了 {1} 秒'.format(name, (end - start)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print('主进程的 PID：{0}'.format(os.getpid()))
    p = Pool(4)
    for i in range(6):
        p.apply_async(long_time_task, args=(i,))
    p.close()
    # 等待所有子进程结束后在关闭主进程
    p.join()
    print('【End】')

6）进程间通信：

eg：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
import os, time, random


def write(q):
    # 写数据进程
    print('写进程的PID:{0}'.format(os.getpid()))
    for value in ['两点水', '三点水', '四点水']:
        print('写进 Queue 的值为：{0}'.format(value))
        q.put(value)
        time.sleep(random.random())


def read(q):
    # 读取数据进程
    print('读进程的PID:{0}'.format(os.getpid()))
    while True:
        value = q.get(True)
        print('从 Queue 读取的值为：{0}'.format(value))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 父进程创建 Queue，并传给各个子进程
    q = Queue()
    pw = Process(target=write, args=(q,))
    pr = Process(target=read, args=(q,))
    # 启动子进程 pw
    pw.start()
    # 启动子进程pr
    pr.start()
    # 等待pw结束:
    pw.join()
    # pr 进程里是死循环，无法等待其结束，只能强行终止
    pr.terminate()