Americans are now free to get a free booster dose of all three COVID-19 vaccines, and can even choose to mix and match their vaccines, after the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention signed off on new recommendations Thursday night.
美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)主任周四晚签署了新的建议后，美国人现在可以免费获得所有三种新冠疫苗的增强剂，甚至可以选择混合和配合的方式注射。
At the same time, CDC recommended boosters for certain people who got Moderna vaccine and all 15 million Americans who got the Johnson & Johnson vaccine.
与此同时，美国疾病控制与预防中心建议对某些接种了 摩德纳疫苗 的人以及所有接种了强生疫苗的1500万美国人推广加强针。
Clinics, doctors and pharmacies can begin giving boosters as soon as Friday.
诊所、医生和药房最早将于周五开始加强针的注射工作。
“The evidence shows that all three COVID-19 vaccines authorized in the United States are safe –as demonstrated by the over 400 million vaccine doses already given. And, they are all highly effective in reducing the risk of severe disease, hospitalization, and death” Dr. Rochelle Walensky, the CDC’s director, said in a statement.
“证据表明，美国批准的所有三种新冠疫苗都是安全的——已经接种的4亿多剂疫苗证明了这一点。而且，它们在降低患重病、住院和死亡的风险方面都非常有效。”疾控中心主任罗谢尔·瓦伦斯基博士在一份声明中说。
A CDC advisory committee recommended Thursday afternoon that people be allowed to choose among the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines as a COVID-19 booster shot. The committee said it could increase protection against the disease that is killing on average 1,093 Americans a day.
美国疾病控制与预防中心咨询委员会周四下午建议，允许人们在辉瑞生物技术、 摩德纳 和强生疫苗中选择新冠病毒加强疫苗。该委员会表示，加强针可以增加对这种疾病的保护，这种疾病平均每天导致1 093名美国人死亡。
A booster of the Moderna vaccine was recommended at least six months after people get their second shot, but only for those 65 and older or 18 and older if they’re at high risk for severe COVID-19, or their jobs or living conditions put them at high risk of exposure to the virus.
推荐人们至少在接种完 摩德纳 疫苗第二针6个月后再接种 加强针 ，但只是对那些65岁或更年长或18岁及以上的人群，因为他们是感染严重新冠的高危人群，或者，如果他们的工作或生活条件容易使他们极易感染病毒。
A second dose of the J&J vaccine was recommended for everyone who received their first dose at least two months ago.
两个月前接种第一剂强生疫苗的人，建议接种第二剂。
The CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, which met Thursday, made its decisionsbased on data presented by the vaccine makers and a National Institutes of Health study. It also considered the endorsement of similar recommendations on Wednesday by the Food and Drug Administration.
美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)免疫实践咨询委员会(Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices)于周四召开会议，根据疫苗生产商提供的数据和美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)的一项研究做出了上述决定。它还考虑了美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration，简称FDA)周三提出的类似建议。
A booster dose is not required for a person to be considered fully immunized. People who received two doses of either Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna, or one dose of J&J, are fully immunized.
已经获得完全免疫的人不必进行加强针的注射。接受了两剂辉瑞生物技术公司或 摩德纳 或一剂强生公司疫苗的人都获得了完全免疫。
All booster doses will be free, just as all COVID-19 vaccines are, Reddy said.
雷迪说，就像所有新冠疫苗一样，所有加强剂都是免费的。
FDA authorized Pfizer-BioNTech booster shots for people 65 and older or at high risk for COVID-19 because of health problems, jobs or living conditions on Sept. 22.
9月22日，美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准辉瑞生物技术公司为65岁及以上或因健康问题、工作或生活条件而面临感染高风险的人注射强化疫苗。
The Moderna booster dose is 50 micrograms, one-half the initial 100 micrograms of the initial two doses. Moderna used the smaller dose because it restored the level of immunity as well as a larger dose.
摩德纳 增强剂的剂量为50微克，是最初两次剂量中100微克的一半。莫德纳使用小剂量的原因是它和使用大剂量一样，同样可以恢复免疫水平。
“Our goal is to always use the dose that is most optimally effective for boosting,” said Dr. Jacqueline Miller, Moderna’s senior vice president for infectious diseases.
摩德纳 负责传染病的高级副总裁杰奎琳·米勒博士说，“我们的目标是始终使用最有效的助推剂量。”
Johnson & Johnson presented data showing that a single dose of its vaccine provided 74% protection against severe disease globally and 70% protection against all symptomatic disease. Trends over time showed a decline in effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, most likely linked to coronavirus variants, said Dr. Penny Heaton, the company’s global therapeutic area head for vaccines.
强生提供的数据显示，单剂强生疫苗对全球严重疾病的保护率为74%，对所有有症状疾病的保护率为70%。该公司全球疫苗治疗领域负责人佩妮·希顿博士表示，随着时间的推移，疫苗对有症状的新冠感染的有效性有所下降，这很可能与冠状病毒变异有关。
More than 189 million people in the United States have been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, about 57% of the total population. Hospitalization rates among unvaccinated Americans are between nine and 15 times higher than among vaccinated people, according to the CDC.
在美国，超过1.89亿人已经接种了新冠疫苗，约占总人口的57%。根据CDC的数据，未接种疫苗的美国人的住院率比接种疫苗的人高出9到15倍。
Almost 6% of fully vaccinated Americans have already received a COVID-19 booster shot , according to CDC data.
根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据，几乎6%的完全接种疫苗的美国人已经接受了新冠补充疫苗。