Iron (Fe) is the most abundant trace mineral in the body. Although its nutritional value has been known for over 2,500 years, its role has only recently been truly appreciated in both human and animal nutrition.
铁(Fe)是身体中最丰富的微量矿物质。 虽然其营养价值已知超过2500年，但其作用最近才在人类和动物营养中得到真正的认可。
如何治疗新生仔猪贫血
Iron is an integral part of hemoglobin and myoglobin, both of which play a central role in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and muscles.
铁是血红蛋白和肌红蛋白的组成部分，两者在血液和肌肉之间的氧气和二氧化碳交换中起着关键作用。
Iron also plays an important role in the function of many enzymes, including those in the Krebs Cycle, the major cascade of reactions that “fire” the energy metabolism in the body of animals. As such, the role of iron in the organism can only be described as indispensable.
铁也在许多酶的功能中发挥重要作用，包括三羧酸循环中的这些功能，即“启动”动物体内能量代谢的反应级联反应。因此，铁在生物体中的作用是不可或缺的。
Modern treatments
现代治疗方法
Modern methods for treating piglet anemia can be classified as those administering iron via the oral route or via intramuscular injections. Each method has its benefits and drawbacks.
用于治疗仔猪贫血的现代方法可以分为通过口服途径或通过肌内注射给予铁。每种方法都有其优点和缺点。
Creep feed.
教槽料
Providing high levels of iron through creep feed is not recommended because piglets usually do not consume enough creep feed early enough to prevent anemia. In addition, some piglets might consume excess feed, resulting in iron oversupply that can lead to colibacillosis and diarrhea. Clearly this is not a recommended method, although it is frequently advertised as such.
不推荐通过教槽料提供高水平的铁，因为仔猪通常不足够早地消耗足够的教槽料以预防贫血。 此外，一些仔猪可能会消耗过量的饲料，导致铁供应过剩，导致大肠杆菌病和腹泻。 显然，这不是推荐的方法，尽管它经常被广告宣传。
Rooting material.
生根植物
Providing sterilized turf or preserved silage, with or without supplemental iron, is a method that has been tried with some success. It is laborious and requires diligence in application and hygiene, without providing uniform coverage of piglet iron needs early in life. Thus, many piglets remain anemic or borderline anemic, requiring further treatment. This method can be part of a more broad treatment protocol involving other supplemental sources of iron as iron-rich pastes or tablets.
提供消毒的草皮或保存的青贮饲料，不管是否补充铁，都已经是一种已经取得一些成功的方法。 这种方法既费力又需要勤勉尽责，不用提前仔细地覆盖小猪的铁需求。 因此，许多仔猪仍然贫血，需要进一步治疗。 这种方法可以是更广泛的治疗方案的一部分，其涉及铁作为富含铁的糊剂或片剂的其它补充来源。
Paste.
含铁糊剂
This is a relatively recent development in which an iron-rich paste is placed into the mouth of newborn piglets (usually within a couple days from birth).
这是一种相对较新的治疗方法，其中将富含铁的糊剂放置在新生仔猪的口中(通常在出生后几天内)。
This paste is most likely to contain energy sources (glucose and lipids), immunoglobulins, vitamins and other minerals. For this method to succeed, the form of iron must be such that is readily available for digestion by the piglet.
这种糊最有可能含有能源(葡萄糖和脂质)，免疫球蛋白，维生素和其他矿物质。为了使这种方法成功，铁的形式必须能够容易地被仔猪消化。
This method of preventing iron deficiency is gaining popularity as it offers a less invasive alternative to intramuscular injections.
这种预防缺铁的方法越来越受欢迎，因为它提供了一种较少侵入性的肌内注射替代方法。
Oral Tablets.
口服片
Another innovative way to provide iron in the form of a small tablet placed at the root of the tongue causing a natural swallowing reflex. Again, the iron must be provided in a highly digestible format.
另一种创新的方法是以一种放置在舌根根部的小片形式的补铁药片，从而使它们产生自然的吞咽反射。
It is important to have a trained person perform this task; otherwise rejection of the tablet will be high resulting in extra handling of the piglet (to administer a second tablet) and increased expense.
铁必须以高度可消化的形式提供。 让受过训练的人员执行这项任务很重要。 否则片剂的排除量将很高，导致仔猪的额外补充(施用第二片剂)并增加费用。
Intramuscular injection.
肌内注射。
This is the most common method for preventing piglet anemia. In brief, piglets are injected in the muscle of the neck (preferred) or ham with 100 to 200 mg iron, as iron dextran (most common form but not the only one), during the first two days of life.
这是预防小猪贫血的最常用方法。简言之，在出生的头两天，将仔猪注射到颈部(优选的)或火腿中，其具有100至200mg的铁，作为铁葡聚糖(最常见形式，但不是唯一的)。
Assuming pigs are weaned about 21 days of age, this dosage provides enough iron to cover their needs until they start consuming enough dry feed post-weaning.
假设猪断奶约21天，该剂量提供足够的铁来满足他们的需要，直到他们开始消耗足够的断奶后的干饲料。
If weaning age is later than 21 days of age, then a supplementary dose may be required, but this is best assessed on a farm-by-farm basis by the attending nutritionist or veterinarian as it depends on the use of creep feed.
如果断奶年龄晚于21天龄，则可能需要补充剂量，但是由参加营养师或兽医的农场逐级评估，这取决于教槽料的使用情况。
The most common problem with injections is that they must be done by experienced personnel to avoid animal discomfort, ensure proper administration of the complete dose at the appropriate site and to minimize the risk of broken needles left inside the muscle.
注射最常见的问题是它们必须由有经验的人员完成，以避免动物不适，确保在适当部位适当地施用完整剂量，并尽可能减少肌肉内残留的针头的风险。