本文要解决的是背过很多万能句式，却还是写不出作文的问题。
万能句式有用，是捷径。但是你得有一定的功底，才能做到活用。本文的重点是，详解怎么活用高频句型。我的经验是：掌握了非谓语里的动名词，你便成功一半。
敲黑板，要掌握动名词！
四级作文经常考察小议论文，比如2016年12月的“就业or创业” “工作or考研”，“国企or外企”，2015年12月的“听比说重要”，2015年6月的“人与电脑”，“人与手机”等。
这类文章可以有一个固定的套路，描述现象，提出问题，分析原因。表明支持啥，反对啥，最后归纳结论。如果字数还不够，展望一下未来。
描述
描述现象
Starting a business has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. 近年来创业变得越来越普遍。
动名词starting a business做主语，它还可以被换成finding a job (找工作), going to a graduate school（考研）, working in a joint venture （去外企） 等等。
其它例句：
在这个句型里，活用的重点是掌握动名词。
提出问题
With the popularization of smartphone, more and more problems associated with smartphone are bought to our attention, one of the most serious one is being addicted to smartphone. 随着智能手机的普及，越来越多的涉及智能手机的问题引发关注，其中最严重的一个是对手机上瘾。
这个句子里，也用到了动名词，对智能手机上瘾 （being addicted to smartphone）.
其它例句：
One of the most serious problem associated with starting a business is that nine out of ten new businesses will eventually fail. 关于创业的最严重的问题之一是新创的公司十有八九会倒闭。从句作表语。
One of the most serious problem associated with working in a joint venture is the high intensity of competitiveness. 在合资公司里工作的一大问题是高强度的竞争。又用到了动名词。
分析
支持观点
I am in favor of the idea of finding a job because great achievements are based on teamwork. 我支持找工作的想法，因为伟大的成就是基于团队协作的。
句型是一个in favor of主句加上原因状语从句。
从上图可以看出主句中可替换的元素还是动名词，从句的相对灵活，主谓宾，主系表结构的简单句都有。
其它例句：
I am in favor of the idea of going to graduate school because higher education means better future. 我倾向于考研因为更高等的教育意味着更好的未来。
I am in favor of working in a state-owned company because it offers security and stability. 我倾向于去国企工作因为国企提供稳定和保障。
反对观点
和支持某观点类似，反对某观点可以用be against+原因状语从句。如
I am against going to graduate school because it delays, rather than solves the problem of finding a job. 我反对考研，因为我认为它只是推迟了就业，并没有解决就业问题。
I am against working in a state-owned business because it limits my ambitions. 我反对去国企就业，因为它限制了我的理想。
阐述原因
A possible reason for A is B. A和B可以是名词、名词性短语、动名词和从句。
A possible reason for starting a business now is the establishment of mass entrepreneurship policy. 现在是创业的好时机的一个可能的原因是大众创业万众创新政策的落实。
A possible reason for the prevalence of smartphone is the functions that enables them to substitute computers. 智能手机普及的一个可能的原因是能让它替代电脑的强大功能们。
结论
归纳
Based on the discussions above, it is safe for me to draw the conclusion that starting a business is the best option for me at present. 综上所述，我们可以得出如下结论：目前对我来说最好的选择是创业。
句中的starting a business 可以换成别的动名词，如finding a job, going to graduate school, working in a joint venture等等。
展望
可以用not only, but also 句型设想一下结论变成现实后的好处或坏处。
Starting a new business can not only increase my probability of becoming rich, but also make me stronger even if I fail. 创业不仅能增加我变富的概率，还能让我变得更强，即使我失败了。
Working in a joint venture can not only give me an opportunity to prove myself through my ability, but also a new environment that allow me to further develop my ability. 在合资企业工作不仅给了*靠我**能力证明自己的机会，还给了我一个进一步发展自己能力的新环境。