镍锌电池可减少温室气体排放（范围 3 ）
Nickel-zinc batteries can reduce Scope 3 emissions
By Steve Jennings | Feb 22, 2022
译 者 说
企业碳范围3如何核查是今后关注的重点，以镍锌电池为例来一文读懂关注点。
现在是数据中心解决这一覆盖缺口的时候了，并向利益相关者和客户展示他们实现可持续发展目标的承诺。
It’s time for data centers to resolve this gap in coverage and showcase to stakeholders and clients their commitment to achieving their sustainability goals.
范围 3 排放量少报
Scope 3 emissions are underreported
从他们的本质来看范围 3 排放量 是一个组织碳足迹的最大贡献者，也是最难追踪的。这些排放包括由报告机构未拥有或控制但该组织通过其价值链间接影响的资产的活动造成的所有排放。由于报告机构未拥有或操作这些资产，获取它们的排放记录可能是一个挑战——因此经常漏报。
By their nature, Scope 3 emissions are both the largest contributors to a given organization’s carbon footprint, and the most difficult to track. They comprise all emissions that are caused by activities from assets not owned or controlled by the reporting organization, but that the organization indirectly impacts through its value chain. Since the reporting organization doesn’t own or operate these assets, accessing their emission records can be a challenge - hence the frequent underreporting.
然而，领导人已经克服了这种缺乏透明度的问题：在碳披露项目下，超过3000家公司报告了范围3的排放量。这些公司比其他公司更早地利用提高透明度而带来的经济、声誉和环境效益。这些领导者也能更好地管理现有的和潜在的规章制度，比如德国要求企业必须在2023年前对与其全球供应链网络相关的社会和环境问题承担责任。投资者和其他利益相关者正在关注这些全球事态发展，并寻求企业能够管理来自美国潜在监管带来的任何潜在风险的保证。
However, leaders have already emerged to overcome this lack of transparency: over 3,000 companies have reported scope 3 emissions under the Carbon Disclosure Project. Such companies are taking advantage of the economic, reputational and environmental benefits of improved transparency before others. These leaders are also better equipped to manage existing and potential regulations, such as Germany’s mandate that companies show responsibility for social and environmental issues tied to their global supply chain networks by 2023. Investors and other stakeholders are paying attention to these global developments and seeking reassurance that companies can manage any potential risks from potential U.S. regulations.
随着供应链可持续性越来越引起利益相关方的关注，范围 3 排放数据必须纳入在碳核算中，为数据中心的气候影响提供准确的评估。一旦这些数据能够广泛使用，企业就可以采取行动来减少这些排放：例如，通过使用对气候影响较小的电池化学品（如镍-锌），来提高其能源存储实践的可持续性。
As supply chain sustainability draws increased attention from stakeholders, scope 3 emissions data must be included in carbon accounting to provide an accurate assessment of a data center’s climate impact. Once this data is widely available, companies can then act to reduce these emissions: for example, improving the sustainability of their energy storage practices through the use of battery chemistries with low climate impact (such as nickel-zinc).
这种报告和行动将有助于解决利益相关方在理解和比较碳足迹能力方面的巨大差距。
Such reporting and actions will help resolve the significant gap in stakeholders’ ability to understand and compare carbon footprints.
电池可影响范围 3 排放
Batteries can affect Scope 3 emissions
随着数据中心及其客户对披露范围 3 排放量的期望越来越高，他们可以通过考虑使用不间断电源（ UPS ）的一部分的储能系统来更好地报告和降低其足迹。数据中心不间断电源的电池化学特性为其供应链的可持续性提供了重要的权衡。
As data centers and their customers undergo growing expectations to disclose scope 3 emissions, they can report better and lower their footprint by considering the energy storage systems that are part of the Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) . The battery chemistry tied to a data center’s UPS offers significant trade-offs for their supply chain’s sustainability.
例如，镍锌电池是数据中心使用的其他电池化学品（如铅酸和锂离子电池）的一种更可持续性和更环保的替代品。一份气候影响分析报告 ，通过研究和分析比较了铅酸电池、锂电池和镍锌蓄电池对环境的影响，表明镍锌电池在温室气体排放、水足迹、能源足迹和挥发性有机化合物方面具有优势。这项研究是由 Zinc Five 资助的，发现了以下几点：
For example, nickel-zinc (NiZn) batteries are a more sustainably sourced and environmentally friendly alternative to other battery chemistries used in data centers, such as lead-acid and lithium-ion. A Climate Impact Profile by Boundless Impact Research and Analytics compared the environmental impact of of lead-acid, lithium and NiZn batteries, suggesting that NiZn has advantqages in GHG emissions, water footprint, energy footprint, and volatile organic compounds. The research was paid for by ZincFive, and found the following:
材料使用
Material Use
在地壳中，镍和锌的含量分别是锂和铅的四倍和五倍。此外，铅暴露是一个全球性的健康问题，锂对空气和水的反应性使其成为火灾危险，但镍和锌是无毒和不可燃的。
Nickel and zinc are respectively four and five times more abundant in the earth’s crust than lithium and lead. In addition, while lead exposure is a global health concern and lithium’s reactivity to air and water makes it a fire hazard, nickel and zinc are non-toxic and non-flammable.
温室气体排放
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
由于镍和锌的开采需要更少的排放量，而且镍锌电池制造的碳足迹更低，用户购买 100 万美元的镍锌电池可以节省 148,255 吨 二氧化碳当量，比锂电池改进537 %，比铅酸电池改进 1700 %。Since nickel and zinc sourcing require fewer emissions and NiZn battery manufacturing’s carbon footprint is lower, users purchasing $1M of NiZn batteries save 148,255 tons of CO2e - a 537 percent improvement over lithium, and a 1,700 percent improvement over lead-acid batteries.
碳回报时间
Carbon Payback Time
碳回收时间（ CPT ）是指电池通过向电网提供更多可再生资源来抵消其温室气体排放量所需要的时间。镍锌化学的 碳回收时间在0.16到0.21年之间，比锂离子电池和铅酸电池快四倍。Carbon Payback Time (CPT) measures the time it takes for a battery to offset its GHG footprint by supplying more renewable resources to the electricity grid. NiZn chemistry’s CPT is between 0.16 and 0.21 years - four times faster than lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries.
挥发性有机化合物( VOCs )
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
挥发性有机化合物以气体的形式从固体中释放出来，包括那些用于生产锂离子电池和铅酸电池的固体。这些化合物因会对健康造成短期和长期的不利影响而臭名昭著。作为更健康的替代方案，镍锌电池在生产中不使用挥发性有机化合物 。
Emitted as gases from solids - including those used to produce lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries - VOCs are infamous for causing short-and long-term adverse health effects. A healthier alternative, NiZn batteries do not use VOCs in production.
水足迹
Water Footprint
即使将提取原材料所需的水计算在内，镍锌电池的用水量仍比普通锂离子电池少 96 %。Even including water requirements for raw material extraction, a NiZn battery still demands 96 percent less water than the average lithium-ion battery.
能源足迹
Energy Footprint
镍锌电池的能量消耗比锂离子电池和铅酸纯铅电池少 23 - 33 %。
The energy footprint for NiZn is 23-33 percent less than that of lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid pure lead batteries.
综合这些指标，镍锌在其整体性能得分为9.4分（满分10分），得分越高表示其对环境的积极影响越大。这一分数比其他电池化学选项相更有优势。
Combining these metrics, NiZn had a 9.4 out of 10 impact score on its overall performance, with higher scores representing higher positive environmental impact. This score compares favorably to other battery chemistry options.
可量化的影响
Quantifiable impact
在投资者、监管机构和公众的压力下，对范围3排放透明度的要求日益高涨。在报告和解决范围 3 排放方面处于竞争领先地位的数据中心将吸引客户和投资者寻求全面披露和对可持续发展的承诺。这不仅提高了数据中心自身的可持续性，也吸引了具有环保意识的客户。
Driven by pressure from investors, regulators and the general public, demands for scope 3 emission transparency are gaining momentum. Data centers who stay ahead of the competition in reporting and addressing scope 3 emissions will attract customers and investors seeking comprehensive disclosure and commitment to sustainability. This not only improves data centers’ own sustainability, but also attracts environmentally aware clients to them.
着力于继续使范围 3 核算更加直接和广泛，能源存储系统的范围 3 级排放数据的可用性为数据中心减少其对气候的影响创造了一个可喜的机会。镍锌电池通过大量的可持续性指标表明，它们可以帮助企业最大限度地减少其供应链的影响。这组电池来源的可持续性数据有助于数据中心比较现有的以及那些潜在的电池化学品。
As efforts continue to make scope 3 accounting more straightforward and widespread, the availability of scope 3 level emission data for energy storage systems has created a welcome opportunity for data centers to reduce their climate impact. NiZn batteries have shown across a myriad of sustainability metrics that they help companies minimize their supply chain impacts. This set of sustainability data for battery sources helps data centers compare existing battery chemistries, as well as potential ones.
数据中心运营商已经是绿色能源的最大工业采纳者之一，作为能源可持续发展的领先者，其合乎逻辑的下一步是率先核算和减少范围 3 的排放。通过帮助量化减少范围 3 的排放，早期的报道者将展示镍锌电池这一优势，并为全球其他行业树立榜样。
Already one of the largest industrial adopters of green energy, data center operators’ logical next step as energy sustainability leaders is to pioneer the accounting and reduction of scope 3 emissions. By helping quantifiably reduce scope 3 emissions, NiZn batteries will let early reporters showcase that advantage and set an example for other industries worldwide.