How to Use Irregular Verbs
不规则动词是指不遵循正常时态和过去分词模式的动词。虽然大多数英语规则动词的过去式和分词形式都以“-ed”结尾，但不规则动词都有自己独特的时态和过去分词。
不规则动词是现代英语中最难的部分之一，因为它们都有点不同。由于没有公式，说英语的人别无选择，只能记住每一个单词，以及它们特殊的动词形式。
为了帮助你，下面我们列出了常见的不规则动词及其时态形式，并简要解释了它们是什么以及如何使用。
What are irregular verbs?
你可以说不规则动词是“遵循自己的规则”的动词。规则动词遵循现代英语的标准语法规则，加“-ed”或“-d”构成过去时和过去分词形式。然而，当不规则动词作为一个句子的主动词时，它们的不同动词形式是完全原创的。(提醒一下:过去分词是现在完成时的形式。)
为了让你明白我们的意思，让我们“跳舞”和“唱歌”吧!这对组合是一个很好的例子，可以看出它们的区别:“dance”是规则动词，而“sing”是不规则动词。
结合“dance”，没有什么大的惊喜或技巧;你只需要使用和大多数其他动词相同的公式。要创建简单过去时和过去分词形式，只需添加“-ed”，或者在本例中只添加“-d”，因为基本形式已经以e结尾。
|
Base |
Simple Past Tense |
Past Participle |
|
dance |
danced |
danced |
然而，“Sing”是不规则的，所以正常的规则不起作用。你不能用" singed "，因为这是这个动词的错误形式。相反，“sing”既有独特的过去式，也有独特的过去分词形式。要知道如何变位“唱”，唯一的方法就是记住它的特殊形式。
|
Base |
Simple Past Tense |
Past Participle |
|
sing |
sang |
sung |
在实践中，你可以用这样的词形来结尾:
We sang and danced all night.
I have sung opera before, but I have never danced to it.
She prefers music sung by professionals.
不管动词是规则的还是不规则的，一般现在时的变化都是一样的。这包括在第三人称单数时加“-s”或“-es”。注意某些例外情况，比如动词“Be”，也有特殊的现在时形式。
|
Base |
Present Tense |
Simple Past Participle |
Past Participle |
|
be |
am, is, are |
was, were |
been |
像“be”一样，很多其他连系动词也是不规则的，比如“become”和“feel”。而且，不规则动词既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，也可以用作祈使动词。
Strong vs. weak verbs
不规则动词和规则动词经常与强动词和弱动词混淆，尽管它们非常相似。
强动词是指在过去时态中改变元音的动词，比如“sing”中的i在过去时态中变成了a。另一方面，弱动词在过去时态中元音保持不变，比如dance中的a。
记住这些规则，我们可以看到所有强动词都是不规则的。这种混淆来自弱动词，因为一些弱动词也是不规则的。不规则弱动词最常见的一个例子是“sleep”:
|
Base |
Simple Past Tense |
Past Participle |
|
sleep |
slept |
slept |
虽然“sleep”有自己特殊的过去式和过去分词形式(“slept”)，但它仍然以e为主要元音，使其成为弱动词。
同样，完全不变的不规则动词，如“bet”或“spread”，也是弱动词。你可以在下面找到一个完整的不规则动词不变列表。
List of irregular verbs in English
想要英语不规则动词列表?下面我们列出了常见的不规则动词，以帮助你学习，并为你提供一个快速参考资源，以防你后来忘记了一个(注意，下图中的动词过去时是美式英语的形式;在英式英语中有一些不同)。
我们不列出不规则动词的动词时态，只提到一般过去时和过去分词形式，以及词根。你所做的任何动词变位都将使用这三种形式之一。
请注意，带前缀的不规则动词(例如“resell”或“undo”)使用与它们的基础词相同的不规则形式(例如“resold”或“undid”)。
此外，你会注意到一些不规则动词根本不会改变——基本时态、一般过去时和过去分词形式都是同一个词。
|
Base |
Simple Past Tense |
Past Participle |
|
arise |
arose |
arisen |
|
awake |
awoke |
awoken |
|
be |
was/were |
been |
|
bear |
bore |
borne |
|
beat |
beat |
beaten |
|
become |
became |
become |
|
begin |
began |
begun |
|
bend |
bent |
bent |
|
bet |
bet |
bet |
|
bind |
bound |
bound |
|
bid |
bid |
bid |
|
bite |
bit |
bitten |
|
bleed |
bled |
bled |
|
blow |
blew |
blown |
|
break |
broke |
broken |
|
breed |
bred |
bred |
|
bring |
brought |
brought |
|
broadcast |
broadcast |
broadcast |
|
build |
built |
built |
|
burst |
burst |
burst |
|
buy |
bought |
bought |
|
cast |
cast |
cast |
|
catch |
caught |
caught |
|
choose |
chose |
chosen |
|
cling |
clung |
clung |
|
come |
came |
come |
|
cost |
cost |
cost |
|
creep |
crept |
crept |
|
cut |
cut |
cut |
|
deal |
dealt |
dealt |
|
dig |
dug |
dug |
|
dive |
dove/dived |
dived |
|
do |
did |
done |
|
draw |
drew |
drawn |
|
dream |
dreamed (sometimes “dreamt”) |
dreamed (sometimes “dreamt”) |
|
drink |
drank |
drunk |
|
drive |
drove |
driven |
|
eat |
ate |
eaten |
|
fall |
fell |
fallen |
|
feed |
fed |
fed |
|
feel |
felt |
felt |
|
fight |
fought |
fought |
|
find |
found |
found |
|
flee |
fled |
fled |
|
fling |
flung |
flung |
|
flt |
flew |
flown |
|
forbid |
forbade |
forbidden |
|
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
|
forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
|
freeze |
froze |
frozen |
|
get |
got |
got |
|
give |
gave |
given |
|
go |
went |
gone |
|
grind |
ground |
ground |
|
grow |
grew |
grown |
|
hang |
hung (sometimes “hanged”) |
hung (sometimes “hanged”) |
|
have |
had |
had |
|
hear |
heard |
heard |
|
hide |
hid |
hidden |
|
hit |
hit |
hit |
|
hold |
held |
held |
|
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
|
keep |
kept |
kept |
|
kneel |
knelt |
knelt |
|
know |
knew |
known |
|
lay |
laid |
laid |
|
lead |
led |
led |
|
leave |
left |
left |
|
lend |
lent |
lent |
|
let |
let |
let |
|
lie (as in “lie down”) |
lay |
lain |
|
light |
lit/lighted |
lit/lighted |
|
lose |
lost |
lost |
|
make |
made |
made |
|
mean |
meant |
meant |
|
meet |
met |
met |
|
mistake |
mistook |
mistaken |
|
mow |
mowed |
mown/mowed |
|
overtake |
overtook |
overtaken |
|
pay |
paid |
paid |
|
proofread |
proofread |
proofread |
|
put |
put |
put |
|
quit |
quit |
quit |
|
read |
read |
read |
|
reset |
reset |
reset |
|
ride |
rode |
ridden |
|
ring |
rang |
rung |
|
rise |
rose |
risen |
|
run |
ran |
run |
|
say |
said |
said |
|
see |
saw |
seen |
|
seek |
sought |
sought |
|
sell |
sold |
sold |
|
send |
sent |
sent |
|
set |
set |
set |
|
sew |
sewed |
sewn/sewed |
|
shake |
shook |
shaken |
|
shave |
shaved |
shaven |
|
shed |
shed |
shed |
|
shine |
shone |
shone |
|
shoot |
shot |
shot |
|
show |
showed |
shown |
|
shrink |
shrank |
shrunk |
|
shut |
shut |
shut |
|
sing |
sang |
sung |
|
sink |
sank |
sunk |
|
sit |
sat |
sat |
|
slay |
slew |
slain |
|
sleep |
slept |
slept |
|
slide |
slid |
slid |
|
sling |
slung |
slung |
|
sneak |
snuck (sometimes “sneaked“) |
snuck (sometimes “sneaked”) |
|
sow |
sowed |
sown/sowed |
|
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
|
speed |
sped |
sped |
|
spend |
spent |
spent |
|
spill |
spilt/spilled |
spilt/spilled |
|
spin |
spun |
spun |
|
spit |
spat |
spat |
|
split |
split |
split |
|
spread |
spread |
spread |
|
spring |
sprang |
sprung |
|
stand |
stood |
stood |
|
steal |
stole |
stolen |
|
stick |
stuck |
stuck |
|
sting |
stung |
stung |
|
stink |
stank |
stunk |
|
strike |
struck |
struck |
|
string |
strung |
strung |
|
strive |
strove |
striven |
|
swear |
swore |
sworn |
|
sweep |
swept |
swept |
|
swell |
swelled |
swollen/swelled |
|
swim |
swam |
swum |
|
swing |
swung |
swung |
|
take |
took |
taken |
|
teach |
taught |
taught |
|
tear |
tore |
torn |
|
think |
thought |
thought |
|
throw |
threw |
thrown |
|
thrust |
thrust |
thrust |
|
tread |
trod |
trodden |
|
understand |
understood |
understood |
|
upset |
upset |
upset |
|
wake |
woke |
woken |
|
wear |
wore |
worn |
|
weave |
wove |
worn |
|
weave |
wove |
woven |
|
weep |
wept |
wept |
|
wet |
wet/wetted |
wet/wetted |
|
win |
won |
won |
|
wind |
wound |
wound |
|
wring |
wrung |
wrung |
|
write |
wrote |
written |
Common irregular verbs that don’t change
大多数动词，包括规则动词和不规则动词，有不同时态的不同动词形式。我们增加字母或改变拼写来帮助交流;它帮助听者或读者理解你是在谈论现在、过去还是未来。
然而，某些动词根本不改变动词形式。现在、过去和过去分词形式使用相同的单词和相同的拼写。因为这些单词不遵循正常的规则，所以它们也被认为是不规则的。
你可以在上面的图表中找到这些词，但为了加快你的搜索速度，我们也将它们包括在下面的列表中:
- bet
- bid
- broadcast
- burst
- cast
- cost
- cut
- hit
- hurt
- let
- proofread (see “read”)
- put
- read (past and past participle are spelled the same but pronounced differently)
- reset
- set
- shed
- shut
- split
- spread
- thrust
- upset
- wet