英文题目：How user innovations become commercial products: A theoretical investigation and case study,
摘要：在本文中，我们对通常穿越的途径进行建模，因为用户创新被转换为商业产品。 首先，一个或多个用户识别一套新的设计可能性并开始创新。 然后，他们加入社区，这是由于集体创新效率提高所致。 然后使用高变量/低资本成本生产方法出现用户制造商。 最后，随着用户创新的减速，市场稳定在足以进入高资本，低变量的成本制造业。 我们对牛仔竞技皮划艇行业的历史进行测试，并发现它得到了支持。 我们讨论对“主导设计”理论的影响以及对创新实践的影响。
Abstract: In this paper we model the pathways commonly traversed as user innovations are transformed into commercial products. First, one or more users recognize a new set of design possibilities and begin to innovate. They then join into communities, motivated by the increased efficiency of collective innovation. User-manufacturers then emerge, using high-variable/low-capital cost production methods. Finally, as user innovation slows, the market stabilizes enough for high-capital, low-variable cost manufacturing to enter. We test the model against the history of the rodeo kayak industry and find it supported. We discuss implications for “dominant design” theory and for innovation practice.
来源期刊：Research Policy，2006年
参考文献格式：Carliss Baldwin, Christoph Hienerth, Eric von Hippel,How user innovations become commercial products: A theoretical investigation and case study,Research Policy,Volume 35, Issue 9,2006,Pages 1291-1313,ISSN 0048-7333,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.012.