现在完成时

知识点：

一、现在完成时含义：表示动作已经完成

二、现在完成时的时间状语：

already（已经）（用于肯定句中）、

Yet(仍，还)（用于否定句、疑问句中）、

ever(曾经)、never(从不)、just(刚刚)、

since+过去的时间点，如：since three years ago(自从三年前)since he came here（自从他来这儿）

for+一段时间,如：for three days

so far（到目前为止）、recently（最近）

in recent years(在最近几年)、

in the past ...year(s)(在过去的...年里)：

in the past few years(在过去的几年里)

in the past three years(在过去的三年里)

三、现在完成时句型结构

have/has+动词的过去分词

1）肯定句：主语+have/has+动词过去分词...

如：I have been in Quanzhou for two years.

我待在泉州两年了。

2）否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词...

I haven’t been in Quanzhou for two years.

我没有待在泉州两年。

3）一般疑问句：Have/has+主语+动词的过去分词...

Have you been in Quanzhou for two years?

你待在泉州两年了吗？

肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/have.（Yes,I have.）

否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.

（No, I haven’t.）

4) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词...

How long have you been in Quanzhou?

你待在泉州多久了？

四、1. has/have been to 去过某地（人已经回来了）

Have you ever been to Shenzhen?

你曾经去过深圳吗？

2. has/have gone to 去了某地（人还没有回来）

Where is Maria? She has gone to Cuba.

玛丽亚在哪里？她去古巴了。

3. has/have been in 待在某地多久了（后跟for+一段时间）

His uncle has been in Shanghai for ten years. 他的叔叔已经待在上海十年了。

五、短暂性动词与现在完成时

短暂性动词的完成时态不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，当它需要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，通常要进行词语转化，其转化形式为：

如： （误） Her grandparents have died for ten years.

（正）Her grandparents have been dead for ten years.

她爷爷奶奶已经去世10年了。

（其中die为短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，应将die改为be dead（死的状态））

（误） The film has begun for half an hour.

（正）The film has been on for half an hour.

电影已经开始半个小时了。

（其中begin为短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，应将begin改成be on(开始的状态)）

六、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

一般过去时是描述过去的动作和状态，常与表示过去的时间标志词，如yesterday，last week，ago，just now，in 2009 连用。

现在完成时描述从过去某个时间点开始持续到现在的动作和状态，常与just，already，ever，never等副词或since，for等表示一段时间的状语连用。

练习：

一、单项选择。

( )1．______have you been here, Daniel?

---Oh, for about two years.

A. How often B. How long

C. How far D. How much

( )2．Miss Li has taught in USA______1999.

A. at B. on C. since D. of

( )3．Tom has made lots of friends since he______to China.

A. has come B. comes C. came D. come

( )4. China ______ a lot since 1978.

A .changed B has changed

C was changed D is changing

( )5. My parents ____ in Nanjing for about twenty years.

A. worked B. are working

C. have worked D. work

( )6. We have been friends _____.

A.for two years ago B. since two years

C. for two years D. in two years ago

( )7. They ___ the same questions three times.

A. asked B. are asking

C. have asked D. are asked

( )8.This medicine_____ millions of people's lives since it was put into use．

A．is saving B．will save

C．has saved D．had saved

( )9. I _____ at Sunshine Secondary School for about two years.

A. studied B. have studied

C. study D. am studying

( )10. —_____ you ever _____ America ? —Yes, I have.

A. Have…gone to B. Have…gone in B. Have…been to D. Have …been in

( )11. My brother ____college for over three years.A. has gone to　 B. has been to　

C. has been in　 D. has been at( )12.Rick____a lot about Chinese culture since he came to China．

A．has learned B．will learn

C．learns D．learned

( )13.It's nice to see you again．We ______ each other since 2018.

A．won't see B．don't see

C．haven't seen D．didn't see

( )14.-Lucy has_____ to London．How can I get in touch with her？

Don't worry．She will phone you as soon as she _____ there．

A．been，will get B．been，gets

C．gone，will get D．gone，gets

( )15.-May I speak to Mr．Lee？-Sorry，he ______ Harbin，he ______ the city for two days．

A．has been to；has been in

B．has gone to；has been to

C．has gone to；has been in

( )16.Lei Feng ______ for many years，but his spirit is still encouraging us．

A．died B．has been dead C．has died

( )17.-May I speak to Mr．Smith？ -Sorry，he isn't in．He ____ Changsha．

A．has been to

B．has gone to

C．went to

( )18．—Hurry up. The meeting____for 5 minutes.—I'm sorry. There was too much traffic on the road.

A．began B．has began C．has been on

( )19. —____ you _____ the text yet ? —Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.

A. Did…copy…did

B. Have…copied…have

B.Have…copied…did

D. Did …copy…had

( )20. Mr Black ______ in China since five years ago.A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live

( )21. We _______ trees last Sunday. So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there.A. planted；planted

B. planted；have planted

C.have planted；planted

D. have planted；have planted

( )22.---______ you ever____ the history museum，Paul？ -No．I haven't．

A．Do；visit

B．Did；visit

C．Have；visited

( )23.Yangjiang，a famous female writer，_____________for abut a month so far．

A．died

B．has been dead

C．has been died

( )24．I ______ abroad for several years, but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland.

A．am living B．lived C．have lived

( )25． Excuse me. When will the movie Black Panther begin?

— It ________ for ten minutes.

A．has been on

B．has began

C．will begin

( )26．Andy with his parents _______ to Hong Kong, and they will stay there for a week.

A．has gone B．have gone C．has been

( )27．Thomas_______Kate for two years, and they have had a child.

A．got married with

B．has been married to

C．married to

D．married

( )28．Jackson __________ school two years ago and he __________ for two years.

A．leaves; has gone

B．left; has been away

C．leaves; has been away

D．left; has gone

( )29．China_________great achievements in science and technology since 1978．

A．makes B．made C．has made

( )30. Have you finished your task?

– Yes, it ______since last week.

A. ended B. came to an end C. has been over

( )31. Where is Jane?

– I don’t know. I_____her since yesterday morning.

A. haven’t seen B. didn’t see C. won’t see

( )32.﹣Do you know the Color Run，a five﹣kilometer race？

﹣Yes．So far it______into quite a few cities in our country．

A．comes B．came C．has come

( )33. Our country_____great progress in science and culture in recent years.

A. made such

B. has made such

C. has made so

( )34. Cathy______ abroad since she graduated from the high school. She will finish her study in London next year.

A. studied B. has studied C. will study

( )35. ______ you_________to the USA yet?

--Yes! I_______there last summer holidays.

A. Did, go, went

B. Have, been, went

C. Have, gone, have gone

( )36. --_______you______your homework yet?--Yes, I________it ten minutes ago.

A. Did, do, finished

B. Have, done, finish

C. Have, done, finished

( )37. My grandparents _______ to Paris in 1974. They ______ there for over 40 years.

A. have lived; moved

B. moved; have lived

C. moved; lived

( )38. -- Hello, Mr. Lee! Are you still teaching in No.5 Middle School?

-- Yes. I have taught in this school _____ ten years ago.

A. for B. since C. until

( )39. --Tom, have you ____ been to the Great Wall? It’s worth visiting.

--Not _____. I am going to visit it next Sunday.

A. already; yet B. ever; yet C. never; ever

( )40.— Have you ________ been to Beijing?— Yes, I have. And I hope I can go there a second time.

A. always B. never C. ever

( )41. Hi, Sara. I haven't seen you for a long time.--I_________Paris on business.

A. have gone to

B. have been to

C. have been in

( )42. Although my uncle_______ Fuzhou for many years, he still speaks Chinese with a strong accent of Fuzhou.

A. has left B. has lived in

C. has been away from

( )43. It's a pity that the cute pet dog_________for several weeks.

A. died

B. has died

C. has been dead

( )44. --May I speak to Mr. Black?

--Sorry, he isn't in. He ______ Hong Kong for a week.A. has been to

B. has gone to

C. has been in

( )45. --How long has your grandmother been _______? --Since I was 8 years old. A. dying B. died C. dead

( )46.—Jane, how long have you been in China?—I_______here two years ago and I _______ in China for two years.

A. came; have been

B. have been; came

C. came; have gone

( )47．My uncle_______the club in 2010. He_______the club for over 3 years.

A．joined; has been a member of

B．joined; has joined

C．has joined; has joined

D．has joined; has been in

( )48．---Where is your father?

---He______ Australia and he _____Sydney for two weeks.

A．has been to; has been in

B．has gone to; has been in

C．has been in; has been to

D．has gone to; has been to

二、填空

1.用 already或 yet

1) Have they taken down the old pictures____?No, they haven’t___________.

2) Most of us have finished our compositions_______.

3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition____________.

2. 用 since或 for1) We have learned five lessons

_________the beginning of this term.

2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital__________last week.

3) I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.

3.用have gone或 have been

1) Where are the boy students?

They _____________ to the school factory.2) —Is your father in?

—No, he ____________to Shenzhen.

_______he ever ______ there before?

—Yes, he __________ there several times.

三、按要求改写句子

1.They have watched Harry Potter twice.(改成否定句）

They _______ ________ Harry Potter twice.

2.Simon has decided to go to Beijing. (改一般疑问句)

________ Simon ________ to go to Beijing?

3.Joe has been to Shanghai for a week. (对划线部分提问)

________ ________ has Joe been to Shanghai?

四、情景交际

1. 你很久没有见到Lily，假如你在街上看见她，会对她说什么?

Hi, Lily, I________________________________

2. 你想知道简是否曾经去过黄山，你可以这样问:

___________________________________Jane?

3. 你要表达Mike已经去俄罗斯了(还没回来)，你可以这样说:

Mike________________________

4. 你想问对方离开家乡多久了，你这样问:

_________________________your hometown?

5. 留美多年的姑姑回到家乡，看到家乡的巨大变化，她会这样说:

_______________________in our hometown,

6. 你已经很久没看到Lucy了，你想问她这些天去过哪里了

_______________________________________?

7. 你一直咳嗽，就医时医生想了解你这种情况持续多长时间了,他会这样问:

________________________________?

8. 污染已经导致了太多的问题

________________________________

9. 玛丽说她从来没去过上海

________________________________

10. 花和草不见了

________________________________

五、看图写话

1. improve a lot， since，come

_________________________________________

2. already，visit

_________________________________________

3. already，use up

_________________________________________

4. already，for an hour

________________________________________

5. been, three years

_________________________________________

答案：

一、1-5：B C C B C

6-10:C C C B C

11-15:C A C D C

16-20:B B C C B

21-25:B C B C A

26-30:A B B C C

31-35:A C B B B

36-40:C B B B C

41-45:B C C C C

46-48:A A B

二、1.1）yet yet 2）already 3）yet

2 .1）since 2)since 3)for

3.

1)have gone 2)has gone Has been has been

三、

1.haven’t watched2.Has decided 3.How long

四、1.I haven’t seen you for a long time.

2.Have you ever been to Mount Huang，Jane?3.Mike has gone to Russia.

4.How long have you been away from your hometown?

5.Great changes have taken place in our hometown.

6.Where have you been these days,Lucy?

7.How long have you been like this?

8.Pollution has caused too many problems.

9.Mary says that she has never been to Shanghai.

10.Flowers and grass have gone.

五、1.This city has improved a lot since he came here.

2.He has already visit the Great Wall.

3.He has already used up his money.

4.He has already studied for an hour.

5.She has been an English teacher for three years.

【语法知识】英语现在完成时知识点及练习题

01 语法知识

表 示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。

通俗来讲：

1.发生于过去，和现在有关。

例：He has lost his book.

他丢了他的书。（所以他到现在一直没书）

2.开始于过去，持续到现在。

例：He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。（现在还在教）

3.从过去到现在不断反复的动作或情况，且不断重复可能继续下去，也可能到现在结束。

例：My father has always gone to work by bike.我父亲一向骑车上班。（从过去到现在期间一直这样）

4.同一般现在时可以表示将来一样，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。 （初中阶段不涉及）

I'll wait until he has written his letter.

我愿等到他把信写完。

5.构成

主语 + have / has + done（过去分词） + …

6.句型

肯定句: 主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + …

She has been to Shanghai.

她去过上海.

I have finished doing my homework.

我已经完成我的作业了.

否定句: 主语 + have / has + not +过去分词 + …

I haven’t seen this film.

我没有看过这部电影.

She hasn’t finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业.

一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + …

Have you seen this film ?

Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t .

你看过这部电影吗?

是的, 看过. / 不, 没有.

Has she finished doing his homework ?

Yes, she has . / No, she hasn’t.

她完成她的作业了吗?

是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有.

特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + 过去分词 + …

Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业?

7.常见标志词

注意: for+ 一段时间 since+ 过去的某一个时间点

I have lived in Hebei for ten years.

I have lived in Hebei since ten years ago/ 2002.

already : 用于 肯定句 , 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末.

I have already finished my homework.

ever: 曾经，用于 疑问句 中：

Have you ever been to Shanghai ?

你去过上海吗?

never: 未曾、从未

I have never traveled by plane before.

我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过.

yet: 用在 疑问句 中意为”已经”, 用在 否定句 中表示”还”, 常放在句末.

Have you finished your homework yet?

你已经完成作业吗？

I haven’t finished my homework yet.

我还没有完成作业。

recently： 最近，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中

I have been busy recently.

We have not seen Tom recently.

Have they been here recently.

has gone to,has been to,has been in/on 的区别

(1)have/ has been to 表示：曾经去过某地（已经回来了），常用于第三人称，可与once ,never,several times等连用

(2)have/ has gone to 表示：去了某地（还没有回来）

They have been to Shanghai twice.

他们去过上海两次。（已经回来了）

She has gone to Shanghai.

她去了上海（还没有回来）

(3)have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用

I have been in Shanghai for three years. 我到上海已有三年了。

He has been in London for half a month. 他来伦敦已有半个月了。

(4). have been on 表示“已经开始了多久”，表示持续性（物做主语）

The film has been on for ten minutes.

电影已经开始了10分钟了。

8.现在完成时的"未完成用法"

指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

例如：He has lived here since 1978.

自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。

牢记 ：现在完成时的"未完成用法" 只适用于延续性动词

动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

1. 延续性动词： 表示能够延续的动作，也可以表示经验与经历.

work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, stay, live…

延续性动词可与for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用：

eg:

He has studied English for 6 years.

(他学习英语六年了，一直学习，study是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续学习下去)

I have known her since then.

(自从那时起我就认识她了，一直都认识，know是延续性动词)

2.非延续性动词： 也称终止性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束.

open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die…

非延续性动词不能与for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用。

非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换

(1). 转化为相应的延续性动词

借borrow → keep

买buy → have

穿上put on → wear

慢慢了解get to know → know

进入梦乡get to sleep → sleep

得感冒catch a cold → have a cold

(2).转化为“ be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”

开始begin/start → be on

出去go out → be out

死die → be dead

打开open → be open

到达get to/ arrive in(at)/reach → be in+地点

离开leave → be away(from)

完成finish → be over

生病fall ill → be ill

起床get up → be up

进入梦乡fall asleep → be asleep

加入join → be in+活动/组织

去学校go to school → be in school

变得、成为become → be make

与..…为友friend → be friends

关闭close → be closed

上床睡觉go to bed → be in bed

来/去come/ go → be + 相应的介词短语

句型转换

1. The old man died four years ago. （一般过去时）

The old man has been dead for four years.

（现在完成时，将die变为 be dead）

The old man has been dead since four years ago.

(现在完成时，since跟过去的时间点)

2. I borrowed the book five days ago.

I have kept the book for five days.

I have kept the book since five days ago.

3. He bought the bike three years ago.

He has had the bike for three years.

He has had the bike since three years ago.

4. She went to school two days ago.

She has been in school for two days.

She has been in school since two days ago.

5. My sister became a nurse one year ago.

My sister has been a nurse for one year.

My sister has been a nurse since one year.

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

①在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态 。

一般过去时：指向的时间是过去，它没有状态指向，只知道在过去发生过了，现在如何未知。

现在完成时：指向的时间仍然是过去，但同时还获知，事件是完成状态，而且是截止目前说话的当下，事件完成且状态仍然存在。

Who opened the door?

谁开的门？(只强调过去开门这一动作，现在门的开关状态不知。)

Who has opened the door?

谁把门开了？(强调门现在依然还开着。)

He lived in New York for eight years.

他在纽约住过10年。（现在是否住未知）

He has lived in New York for eight years.

他在纽约住了10年。（还在住）

②现在完成时不能与时间点连用 ，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in 2008等等。

③现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用 ，when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。

Where have you been?

你去过哪里了？

The train has left.

火车已经驶离了。

When did the train leave?

火车什么时候驶离的？

02 语法知识专练题

单选题

1、You have _____ a tall young man.

A.grown B.grown into

C.grown us D.grown up

2、He has ____ the watch for a year.

A.buy B.bought

C.have D.had

3、Has your brother _____ the dog?

A.kept in B.fed

C.fed on D.kept on

4、I _____this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.

A.borrowed B.have borrowed

C.kept D.have kept

5、Have you ever _____to the Great Wall? It's very beautiful.

A.gone B.been

C.went D.go

6、Her brother _____the Party since 1978.

A.joined B.has joined

C.has been in D.was in

7 、The Greens _____many places of interest since they came to China.

A.will visit B.visited

C.have visited D.visit

8、 I'm sorry, I ____ your name.

A.had forgotten B.forgot

C.have forgotten D.forgotten

9 、The bookshop ____ for eight years.

A.has been open B.has been opened

C.has opened D.has open

10、 We have all the paper so we need to buy some.

A.used up B.made of

C.filled with D.hunted for

二、用正确的形式填空

1 、Have you ever ______(take) a train?

2 、It _________(be ) more than three years since Jim ______(leave) here.

3 、Have you _____(make)friends with your new classmates yet?

4、I _______(have) my lunch and I'm not hungry now.

5、Jim has never seen a panda, _____he?

6、We ______(be) good friends since we met at school.

7、We can't find him anywhere. Perhaps he______(go) home.

8、He _____(read) the book before.

9、Mr. Green _____(teach) us a lot about social studies since September.

10、I _____never____ (meet) her sister before.

· 参考答案 ·

一、1B 2 D 3 B 4D 5 B 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 A 11 A

二、1 taken 2 has been, left 3made

4 have had 5 has 6 have been

7 has gone 8 has read 9 has taught

10 have met

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