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围绕材料结构和性能技术研究，本期精选5篇发表在《中国舰船研究》上的文章，欢迎阅读！
精选文章·Selected Articles
01
推进轴系纵向振动负刚度动力吸振器试验研究
Experimental research on dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness for longitudinal vibration control of propulsion shafting system
【摘要】 [目的]针对推进轴系一阶纵向振动控制难题，采用碟簧负刚度动力吸振器进行振动控制并进行试验验证。[方法]建立推进轴系纵向振动负刚度动力吸振器试验台架，根据所需控制的轴系一阶纵振模态，设计并研制负刚度动力吸振推力轴承，然后开展不同转速、不同静推力、不同负刚度下的振动传递试验，从而获得推力轴承基座和轴系上的振动加速度响应数据。[结果]结果显示，所研制的负刚度动力吸振推力轴承能以1.6%的吸振器质量使轴承座上一阶纵振轴系的振动响应下降7.8 dB；在轴系固有频率变化5%、静推力变化40%的情况下，负刚度动力吸振器仍能保证3.3 dB的控制效果；在非最优负刚度下，不会恶化轴系和轴承座的振动响应。[结论]研究表明负刚度动力吸振可有效抑制不同转速下轴系一阶纵振处的振动传递。
【Abstract】 [Objectives] In order to control the first longitudinal vibration mode of propulsion shafting systems, a dynamic vibration absorber with disc spring negative stiffness is proposed and its experimental verification carried out. [Methods] A test bench is established for the propulsion shafting system containing a dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness. According to the first longitudinal vibration mode of the shafting, a dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness integrated into the thrust bearing is developed. Vibration transmission tests under different rotational speeds, static thrusts, and negative stiffness are then carried out, and acceleration response data on the thrust bearing foundation and shafting is obtained. [ Results] The results show that the developed dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness can achieve vibration suppression of 7.8 dB for the thrust bearing foundation in the first longitudinal mode of the propulsion shafting with a mass ratio of 1.6%, and the vibration control effect of the negative stiffness dynamic vibration absorber is maintained at 3.3 dB when the natural frequency changes by 5% and the thrust changes by 40%. The vibration response on the thrust bearing foundation and shafting does not deteriorate even at nonoptimal negative stiffness. [Conclusions] This study shows that a dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness can effectively suppress vibration transmission at the first longitudinal mode of a shafting under different rotational speeds.
02
月池开放和封闭状态下钻井船阻力性能试验研究
Experimental study of drillship resistance performance in open and closed state of moonpool
【摘要】 [目的]为分析多功能钻井船月池封闭或开放状态下月池结构对船体阻力性能的影响，开展带月池结构的钻井船模型水池试验。[方法]以某多功能钻井船为例，研究在规则波和不规则波下的船舶运动响应。试验中，通过挂钩连接拉力传感器测量船模在静水和波浪中的阻力，利用加速度传感器分析船首、舯和船尾的加速度特性。[结果]结果表明：在轻载工况及月池开放时，船舶阻力较大；在设计载重工况及月池封闭时，船舶静水阻力较大。在规则波下，月池封闭使船尾加速度降低了58.2%，船首阻力降低了46.7%，垂荡运动响应最大幅值减小41.8%；在不规则波下，船首阻力峰值约为船尾的10倍，相比于月池封闭时，在相同时间内月池开放时阻力峰值出现的次数更多。[结论]研究表明，设计载重工况的差异使船体水线面面积改变，影响了船舶静水阻力，而月池封闭不仅降低了船舶运动加速度及阻力，而且有效改善了纵摇及垂荡运动响应幅值，这为带月池结构的钻井船结构型式的设计提供了数据支撑。
【Abstract】 [Objective] This paper carries out an experimental study of a multi-function dirllship model with moonpool structure in towing tank, aiming at analyzing the effects of the moonpool structure on the ship resistance in open and closure condition. [Methods] Taking a dirllship as the research object, the ship motion response in regular and irregular waves is investigated. The resistance of the ship in hydrostatic water and waves is measured with tension sensors, and the acceleration characteristics of the bow, midship and stern are analyzed by acceleration sensors. [Results] The results indicate that hull resistance under light load conditions is greater when open moonpool, while hydrostatic water resistance with closed moonpool is greater under design load conditions. The closed moonpool in regular waves reduces stern acceleration by 58.2%, bow resistance by 46.7% and heave response by 41.8%. The peak of resistance at the bow in irregular waves is about ten times higher than that at the stern, and the peak of resistance occurs more often when the moonpool is open at the same time. [Conclusions] The experimental study shows that the difference in load conditions changes the waterplane area and affects the hull resistance in hydrostatic water. In contrast, the closure of the moonpool not only reduces acceleration and resistance, but also improves surge and heave. As such, this paper can provide references for the structural design of drillships with moonpools.
03
高强聚乙烯层合板抗破片模拟弹侵彻性能数值分析
Ballistic performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene laminates against fragment-simulating projectiles
【摘要】 [目的]旨在探究破片侵彻作用下高强聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维增强层合板的毁伤响应过程、失效模式转变和能量吸收特性。[方法]采用有限元软件ANSYS/AUTODYN，建立UHMWPE层合板抗破片侵彻数值模型，分析UHMWPE层合板的失效模式转变和能量吸收特性。[结果]破片侵彻作用下UHMWPE层合板的动态响应过程大致可以分为剪切冲塞阶段和拉伸变形阶段。破片入射速度和靶板厚度会直接影响靶板的能量吸收特性。靶板厚度越大，剪切冲塞模式占比越大。在靶板厚度不变的情况下，随着破片侵彻速度的提高，剪切冲塞模式占比越来越大，最终趋于稳定。在破片弹道极限速度以上初始小范围内，靶板吸能随破片入射速度增大有所减小，随后破片速度继续增加会扩大靶板剪切冲塞破坏范围，导致靶板整体吸能量增加。[结论]基于所建立的数值模型能够较好地模拟破片侵彻作用下UHMWPE层合板的动态响应过程，可以为UHMWPE材料在弹道防护领域的应用提供参考。
【Abstract】 [Objectives] This paper aims to study the dynamic damage response process, failure mode transition, and energy absorption characteristics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) laminates against fragment-simulating projectiles (FSPs). [Methods] Finite element (FE) software ANSYS/AUTODYN is employed to establish a numerical model for fragment penetration resistance of UHMWPE laminates and analyze the failure mode transition and energy absorption characteristics of the target plates. [Results] The process can be roughly divided into two stages: the shear plugging stage and stretching deformation stage. The fragment incident velocity and target plate thickness directly affect the energy absorption characteristics of the target plate. Thicker target plate indicates greater proportion of shear plugging mode. When the thickness of the target plate is constant, with the increase in fragment penetration velocity, the proportion of the shear plugging mode becomes larger until it reaches a stable level. In the initial small range above the ballistic limit velocity, the energy absorption of the target plate is negatively related to the fragment velocity. As the fragment velocity increases, the shear plugging range of the fiber fracturing enlarges, and the energy absorption of the targets increases. [Conclusions] Based on the proposed numerical model, the dynamic response process of UHMWPE laminates against FSPs can be simulated accurately, which can provide references for the application of UHMWPE laminate plates in the ballistic protection field.
04
空爆载荷下碳纤维梯形波纹夹芯结构响应分析
Response of carbon fiber trapezoidal corrugated sandwich structure under air explosion loading
【摘要】 [目的]研究迎爆面和背爆面面板厚度、壁板折角以及芯层高度对碳纤维增强复合材料梯形波纹夹层结构抗爆性能的影响规律。[方法]首先，基于三维Hashin失效准则，利用软件ABAQUS中的VUMAT用户子程序接口，开发纤维增强复合材料损伤演化的子程序模块；然后，通过与公开文献中的实验进行对比，验证爆炸冲击载荷下基于所开发子程序的碳纤维增强复合材料动态响应仿真方法的有效性；最后，基于该数值方法开展碳纤维增强复合材料梯形波纹板的抗爆性能参数化研究。[结果]结果显示，相比增大迎爆面面板的厚度，增大背爆面面板厚度对夹层板抗爆性能的提升更为明显；芯层壁板折角从45°减小至30°时，其抗爆能力提高了1.3%，而当从60°减小至45°时，其抗爆能力提高了6.3%；芯层高度从8 mm增大至20 mm时，其抗爆能力提高了27.7%。[结论]所做研究可为碳纤维增强复合材料夹层结构的抗爆设计提供参考。
【Abstract】 [Objectives] The effects of the thickness of the face plate, angle of the wall plate and height of the core layer on the anti-explosion performance of carbon fiber reinforced composite trapezoidal corrugated sandwich structures were investigated. [Methods] First, based on the 3D Hashin failure criterion, a subroutine module of the damage evolution of fiber reinforced composites is developed using the VUMAT user subroutine interface in ABAQUS. Second, through comparison with experiments in the public literature, the effectiveness of the dynamic response simulation method of carbon fiber reinforced composites based on a development subroutine under explosion impact loading is verified. Finally, a parametric study on the explosion resistance of carbon fiber reinforced composite trapezoidal corrugated plates is carried out based on the numerical method. [Results] The results show that, compared with increasing the thickness of the blast face panel, increasing the thickness of the back blast face panel can improve the explosion resistance of the sandwich plate more obviously; when the folding angle of the core wall plate decreases from 45° to 30°, the explosion resistance increases by 1.3%; when it decreases from 60° to 45°, the explosion resistance increases by 6.3%; and when the core height increases from 8 mm to 20 mm, the explosion resistance increases by 27.7%. [Conclusions] The results of this study can provide references for the explosion-proof design of carbon fiber reinforced composite sandwich structures.
05
基于功率流的复合材料层合板连接节点振动传递特性
Vibration transmission characteristics of composite laminate joints based on power flow
【摘要】 [目的]为了研究复合材料层合板连接节点的振动传递特性，提出一种采用有限元功率流法并结合功率流可视化技术的分析方法。[方法]首先，验证用有限元实体单元功率流描述板壳振动的有效性；然后，引入功率流传递率评价指标，提出有限元模型功率流传递率的计算方法，并以导纳功率流法计算结果为参照来验证其有效性；最后，建立嵌入式连接和螺钉连接这2种复合材料层合板的连接模型，计算其功率流传递率曲线和典型功率流矢量图。[结果]对比验证结果表明，2种连接模型的振动传递路径和功率流传递率存在明显差异。[结论]有限元功率流法直观反映了连接结构的振动传递能力及振动能量传递路径，可为复合材料结构设计提供参考。
【Abstract】 [Objectives] In order to investigate the influence of joints in composite laminates on the vibration transfer characteristics of structures, this study uses finite element method (FEM) for power flow and a related visualization technique. [Methods] First, a method that describes plate vibration by power flow in solid elements is proven to be feasible; then transmission efficiency of power flow is introduced and to calculate it, a method in finite element model is proposed and verified with reference to the admittance power flow method. Finally, two joint simulations of embedded joints and screw joints are obtained, as well as the curve for transmission efficiency of power flow and the typical vector diagram of power flow. [Results] The results show significant differences in vibration transmission and transmission efficiency of power flow between the two models. [Conclusions] The FEM for power flow can directly reflect the transmission path of vibration energy for a connected structure, which can provide useful references for the design of composite structures.
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