1963年，Robert Adams买了一台35毫米照相机，开始主要拍摄自然和建筑。他在Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center阅读了全套 相机工作 和 光圈 。他向专业摄影师Myron Wood学习摄影技术。1964年开始摄影，1966年为了有更多的时间拍照，他做了一名业余教师。1969年，他去纽约旅行时遇到了现代艺术博物馆(Museum of Modern Art)的摄影策展人约翰·沙考斯基(John Szarkowski)，博物馆后来买了他的四幅作品。1970年，他开始了全职摄影师的工作。
In 1963， Robert Adams bought a 35mm camera and started shooting at nature and architecture. He read the full Camera Work and Aperture at Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center. He learned photographic skills with the professional photographer Myron Wood. He began photographing in 1964, by 1966 he had more time to shoot so he became an amateur teacher. In 1969, he met the photography curator John Szarkowski of the Museum of Modern Art when he was touring New York, the museum later bought four of his works. In 1970, Adams began working as a full-time photographer.
美学 是哲学的一个分支，研究美的本质和关于美的判断。我们不能一概而论谈论 美 ，除非细节、具体的证据、事物中出现在我们眼前。Robert Adams 认为摄影师不是对无可争辩的事实进行分类，而是在直觉和希望上保持一致。
Aesthetic is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of beauty and judgments. We cannot generalize beauty unless there are specifics, detailed evidence, or events in front of us. Robert Adams believes that photographers do not categorize indisputable facts but to correspond intuition and hope.
Alfred Stieglitz, Evening, New York from the Shelton ,1931
在Robert Adams眼里 美 这个词在现实中不可避免，但已经过时，用 美 这个词令他尴尬，而 品质美 似乎才是合适的词。如果艺术把 美 确定为正确的目标，他关注的 美 就是 形式 上的，是生命的连贯性和结构的同义词。因为生活可能是混乱的， 形式美 帮助我们应对最可怕的恐惧。
"Beauty" this word is unavoidable in reality, but it is outdated, using the word "beauty" embarrasses him, "form" seems to be a better word. If beauty is the goal of arts, then the beauty is on forms, it is a synonym of continuity and structure. If life is chaotic, form beauty helps us face the most dreadful fear.
艺术像哲学一样抽象，而更简化。艺术从来不等同于生活。在视觉艺术中，这种有利于秩序的仔细整理被称为构图，大多数艺术家都把它放在首要的位置。然而，艺术先是自由的，然后才能揭示形状。
Art is as abstract as philosophy, and it is more simplified. Art never equals life. In visual arts, this careful arrangement is called composition, most artists put it first place. However, art is free first, then it can reveal shapes.
艺术的抽象与哲学的抽象不同，它是由细节和可信的实在例子构成的。按照亚里士多德的说法，这些细节的优势就是人可以用自己的经验来证实，而摄影比任何其他艺术都更依赖于对细节的使用。摄影师可以描绘更好的世界，只是因为他能更好地看到眼前的世界。
Abstraction of art and that of philosophy is different, it is formed by details and trustable examples. According to Aristotle, the advantage of specifics is that people can test it with their own experience, and photography relies on the use of details more than any other kind of art. Photographers can depict a better world only because they can better see the world.
Charles Sheeler, Criss-Crossed Conveyors, River Rouge Plant, Ford Motor Company,” 1927
如果艺术的目标是美，怎样来评判艺术？Robert Adams认为，艺术是否揭示了我们自己经历过但没有被我们足够重视的重要 形式 。成功的艺术能让我们重新发现 美 。
If the goal of art is beauty, then how do we judge art? Robert Adams thinks: did the art reveal important forms that we had experienced but did not pay attention to. Successful art rediscovers beauty.
评价艺术的一个标准是它带来的关于 形式 的一个 新的暗示 的程度。一张美丽的照片不必令人震惊，但它必须在某些重要方面不同于之前的（这就是为什么艺术家不能忽视其媒介中的传统）。
The judgment standard for art is the degree that it brings new intimation of form. A beautiful photo does not have to be shocking but it must in some aspect be different from the precedented(this is why artists cannot ignore the tradition of the medium).
Henri Cartier-Bresson Children Playing in Ruins, Seville, Spain
艺术品的美也可以从它的范围来判断；最伟大的美往往包含最多的元素; 最重要的艺术品往往具有最广泛的多样性。Charles Sheeler 的矿车在Ford Rouge(福特胭脂工厂)的照片是美的，但和Henri Cartier-Bresson的一些更为复杂的真人照片的相比，就算不上了。当然，这条规则有很好的例外，灯笼椒似乎将与任何主题一样有限，但Weston 把它们拍得是多么无限。
The beauty of artworks can also be evaluated by their scale; the greatest beauty often contains the most elements; the most important artworks often have the most varied diversity. Charles Sheeler's Ore Cart at Ford Rouge is beautiful, but when compared to Henri Cartier-Bresson's more complicated photo of people, it is less. Bell peppers seem to be as limited as any other themes, but Weston shot them so unlimitedly.
Edward Weston Pepper
Robert Adams 认为艺术作品的成功，不仅是它的新鲜度，调和元素的多样性，还有展示出来的轻松感。 没有艺术品是很容易被制作出来的，但这种困难不能出现在艺术品中。Mu Ch’I’s 著名的墨水画 六个柿子 可能几秒钟就完成了，看起来毫不费力，但一定是经过无数次的练习才做到的。摄影也是如此。
Robert Adams believes that the success of an artwork is not only its freshness, tone, and diversity of elements but the easiness that it expresses. No work is made easier, but the hard work cannot be shown in the piece. Mu Ch'l's famous painting the Six Persimmons may be completed in a few seconds but it must have been from many times of practice. Photography is the same.
Mu-Qi Six-Persimmons
当然，在对的时间、对的地点，有好的运气也能轻松拍出一些好的照片。如在战争中的照片、或类似Ansel Adams 拍摄的老教堂旁边的照片。然而，有些大量发行的杂志图片采用奇怪的角度、极端的镜头、古怪的暗房技术，揭示了一场用震撼和技术取代视觉的斗争，让人看得很累。优秀的摄影师有多少在依赖长焦镜头？相反，他们的创作通常以经济手段为标志，这与他们的主题是一种明显的日常关系。
Of course, at the right time, right place, and look luck, good photos can be made easily. For example, war photos, or Ansel Adams' photo of the old church. However, some of the most published magazine images used weird angles, extreme lenses, strange darkroom techniques that unveil a battle that replaces vision with shocks and technology, tiring people's eyes. How many excellent photographers rely on long telephoto lenses. Instead, their creation is usually marked with economic means, which is an everyday relationship with their topics.
Ansel Adams Ruins of Old Church
为什么大多数伟大的照片看起来都很自然而不是被设计出来的？为什么摄影师要选择欺骗这种最麻烦的事情。如果要达到艺术的目标，欺骗是必要的：只有看起来好像很容易制作的图片才能令人相信美是平凡真实的。
Why do so many great photos seem so natural? Why do photographers choose to deceive that requires the most work? To reach the goal of art, deception is necessary: only photos that seem to be made easily can people believe that beauty is everywhere.
Robert Adams把“形式”等同于“美”——也就是说，艺术中的秩序反映了创造本身的秩序。被称之为艺术的一些东西，是与感性形式有关，完全脱离概念内容的形式，一种纯粹有序感觉的形式。其乐趣来自于颜色、形状和质地。
Robert Adams equates "form" to "beauty" ---- in other words, the order of beauty reflects that order of creation itself. Those that are being called art are related to perceptual form, which is completely apart from the conceptual form, it is a purely ordered sensation. Its pleasure comes from color, shapes, and texture.
整理/ Organize：Lisa
编译/ Cindy & Mary
审核/ Celine & Louis
制作/ Produce：AIPU
#摄影##艺术##摄影头条##美学#