国际水电协会 (IHA) 已发布其 2021 年度水电现状报告，今年的报告强调了实现净零增长的必要性。
该报告显示，尽管 Covid-19 大流行造成了全球混乱，但过去一年中水电装机容量增长了 1.6%，达到 1330GW。然而，国际能源署 (IEA) 表示，如果要遏制全球变暖并到 2050 年实现净零发电，水电部门需要将规模扩大一倍，达到 2600GW。要实现这一数字，需要在未来 30 年建设与过去100年相同数量的产能。
“以目前的水电开发速度，全球能源净零排放的途径将无法实现，”国际水电协会主席 Roger Gill 和国际水电协会首席执行官 Eddie Rich 在报告的前言中警告说。“这给政策制定者、水电开发商和项目融资者敲响了警钟，并为公众提供了明确的思路。
“投资可持续发展和负责任运营的水电对于支持风能和太阳能等可变可再生能源的大规模扩张至关重要。然而，1.5% 至 2% 的年增长率无法满足国际能源署提出的到 2050 年实现净零装机容量翻番的目标。”
报告指出，Covid-19 危机进一步强调了水电提供的电力系统灵活性现在是清洁能源转型的先决条件。2021 年 1 月欧洲发生的近乎停电事故，说明了水电的关键作用。
尽管 2020 年对化石燃料的需求下降，但水力发电产生了创纪录的 4,370 太瓦时 (TWh) 的清洁电力，高于 2019 年创纪录的 4,306 TWh。
2020 年，共有 2 吉瓦的水电项目投运，高于 2019 年的 15.6 吉瓦。其中近三分之二的增长来自中国，新增产能为 13.8GW。在其他新增产能的国家中，只有土耳其(2.5GW)贡献了超过 1GW。
去年完成的主要项目包括安哥拉 2.1GW Lauca 项目、中国 1.8GW 鸡西抽水蓄能电站以及土耳其 Ilisu(1.2GW)和下卡勒科伊(0.5GW)项目。最大的一个项目是中国的乌东德，其 12 个机组中有 8 个上线，为中国电网增加了 6.8GW。其余部分预计将于 2021 年投入使用。
中国水电总装机容量超过370GW，保持世界领先地位。巴西(109GW)、美国(102GW)、加拿大(82GW)和印度(50GW)占据了前五名的其余部分。日本和俄罗斯紧随印度之后，其次是挪威(33GW)和土耳其(31GW)。
原文阅读：
The International Hydropower Association (IHA) has announced the release of its 2021 Hydropower Status Report, with this year’s report underscoring need for rapid growth to achieve net zero.
The report shows that installed hydropower capacity rose by 1.6% to 1330GW over the past year, despite the global disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the International Energy Agency (IEA) says the water power sector will need to double in size to 2600GW if it is to helplimit dangerous global warming and achieve net zero by 2050. To achieve this figure would require building the same amount of capacity in the next 30 years as was built in the last 100 years.
“At the present rate of hydropower development, the global energy pathway to net zero emissions will not be realised,” warns IHA President Roger Gill and IHA Chief Executive Eddie Rich in the report’s foreword. “This is a wake-up call for policy-makers, hydropower developers and project financiers and provides clarity for the public.
“Investment in sustainably developed and responsibly operated hydropower is essential to support the massive expansion of variable renewables like wind and solar. However annual growth rates of 1.5 to 2 per cent cannot meet the doubling of installed capacity proposed by the International Energy Agency to achieve net zero by 2050.”
According to the report, the Covid-19 crisis has further underlined how the power system flexibility provided by hydropower is now a prerequisite for the clean energy transition. Hydropower’s critical role was illustrated by a recent near blackout incident in Europe in January 2021.
Despite the slump in demand for fossil fuels experienced during 2020, hydropower generated a record 4,370 terawatt hours (TWh) of clean electricity – up from the previous record of 4,306 TWh in 2019.
During 2020, hydropower projects totalling 2 GW were put into operation, up on 2019’s 15.6GW. Nearly two-thirds of this growth came from China, which saw 13.8GW of new capacity. Among other countries that added new capacity, only Turkey (2.5GW) contributed more than 1GW.
Major projects completed last year include the 2.1GW Lauca facility in Angola, the 1.8GW Jixi pumped storage facility in China and the Ilisu (1.2GW) and Lower Kaleköy (0.5GW) projects in Turkey. The single biggest project was Wudongde in China, which put eight of its 12 units online, adding 6.8GW to the Chinese grid. The remainder is expected to be commissioned in 2021.
China remains the world leader in respect of total hydropower installed capacity with over 370GW. Brazil (109GW), the US (102GW), Canada (82GW) and India (50GW) make up the rest of the top five. Japan and Russia are just behind India, followed by Norway (33GW) and Turkey (31GW).