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Well, hey there, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish and today I am bringing you a very important quiz. I'm going to test you on some of the most common English prepositions.
嘿，我是 Emma，欢迎来到美味英语频道，今天我将给大家带来一个非常重要的测验。我将测试你一些最常见的英语介词。
At, by and on. These three prepositions can be easily confused and prepositions in general are really important for us because they show how elements of a sentence relate to each other so mastering them, feeling confident about them is going to help you to increase your accuracy and ultimately improve your fluency.
At，by 和 on。这三个介词很容易被混淆，一般来说介词对我们来说很重要，因为它们表明了句子的元素之间的关系，所以掌握它们，自信地使用它们可以帮助你提高准确度，并最终提高你的流畅性。
And in this lesson, you'll get to test your knowledge of at, by and on but then I'm going to show you a couple of tricks and some exceptions that will help you to nail these prepositions every time. Let's go.
本节课程将测试你对 at、by 和 on 的知识掌握情况，然后我会告诉大家一些技巧和一些例外情况，可以帮助你每次都能用对这些介词。让我们开始吧。
Do you have problems with prepositions? Prepositions 8x8 is a step-by-step course for intermediate to advanced learners to go beyond the basics and to learn eight different ways to use eight prepositions in everyday spoken English.
你在使用介词方面有问题吗？介词8x8是一个循序渐进的课程，针对中高级学习者，帮助大家超越基础知识，学习在日常英语口语中使用八个介词的八种不同方法。
You'll learn some advanced word patterns that are gonna take your English skills to the next level. Plus every lesson includes an interactive speaking practice with me using the mmmEnglish imitation technique.
你将学习一些高级的单词结构，让你的英语技能更上一层楼。此外，每节课都包括与我互动的口语练习，使用 mmmEnglish 模仿技术。
Now, of course, I have a free lesson for you to try so you can see what you think for yourself. Just click the link in the description or follow that one up there and enroll and try it out for yourself.
当然了，我提供给大家一个免费课程供大家尝试，你可以自己尝试一下。只需点击描述中的链接或上面那个链接，报名亲自尝试一下。
We're actually going to work backwards today. We're going to start this lesson with a quiz and I think you're actually going to be surprised how many times you can use these prepositions accurately already.
我们今天要倒着来进行。我们将以一个测验开始本节课程，你可能会很惊讶其实你已经可以准确地使用这些介词很多次了。
Perhaps you're already making some good choices but there may be a few times when this quiz reveals some opportunities to improve. Once you identify the gaps in your knowledge, well then you can fill them in, can't you?
也许你已经做得很好了，但可能有几次不太对的地方，这个小测试就可以告诉大家哪里有提升空间。确定了你的知识差距之后就可以填补它们了，对吧？
And that's exactly what today's quiz is all about, identifying the gaps so that we can fill them in. So I have six questions for you.
而这正是今天的测验的目的，查缺补漏，以便我们能够填补它们。我为大家准备了六个问题。
You're going to see a sentence up on screen with a blank space just like this one. So your job is to decide whether you need to complete that sentence with at, on or by.
你会在屏幕上看到一个句子，上面有一个空，就像这个句子一样。你要做的就是决定你是否需要用 at、on 或 by 来完成这个句子。
So here it's at. The train leaves at 10: 27.
这是 at 的情况。火车在10: 27出发。
All right, are you ready to get into it? Let's try the first one.
好的，你准备好进入状态了吗？让我们试试第一个。
Okay take a look. What do you think?
好的，看一下吧。你是怎么想的？
The answer is on. We shop at the market on Saturday.
答案是 on。我们星期六去市场购物。
When on is a preposition of time, we use it with days of the week. We say on Monday, on Wednesday etcetera.
当 on 是时间的介词时，我们用它来表示一周的某一天。我们说在星期一，在星期三等等。
Or we use it with words that include day. Christmas Day.
或者我们会把它与包括“day”在内的词语一起使用。圣诞节。
We say on holiday and we even use it when we're referring to a specific date. We say on the 3rd of March.
我们会说度假，我们甚至在提到一个特定的日期时也使用它。我们说在3月3日。
We're still referring to a day, right? So that's a good clue, a good general clue to remember.
我们仍然指的是某一天，对吗？所以这是一个很好的线索，一个需要记住的一般线索。
We use on with days of the week. Next one.
我们描述一周中的几天都使用 on。下一个。
What do you think? Again, the answer is on.
你觉得呢？同样的，答案是 on。
So why is there water on the floor? This time on is a preposition of place and we use it to describe a defined area or a surface.
为什么地板上会有水呢？这里的 on 是一个地点介词，我们用它来描述一个确定的区域或一个表面。
So we say on the balcony. That's a defined area.
我们会说在阳台上。这是一个确定的地点。
We also say on the table. That's a defined surface.
我们也说在桌子上。这是个确定的表面。
Okay here's the next one. The answer is at.
好的，下一个来了。答案是 at。
The party starts at 10 am. 10 am?
派对在上午10点开始。上午十点？
It's a weird time for a party to start. What about this one?
这个派对开始的时间很奇怪哎。那这个呢？
Yeah, at, again the answer is still at. I'll meet you at the tram stop.
答案还是 at。我在电车站等你。
So we use at to describe something precise, a precise time like 10 o'clock or midday or at 1: 47 or a precise location like we say: Class is at 255 Queen Street.
我们用 at 来描述精确的东西，一个精确的时间，比如说10点或正午，或者是1:47，也可以是一个精确的位置。上课地点在皇后街255号。
The school is at the corner of Queen Street and Elizabeth Street. Or I work at the supermarket.
学校位于皇后街和伊丽莎白街的拐角处。或者说我在超市工作。
You get the idea, right? It's precise.
你明白什么意思了，对吧？是精确的描述。
So next we've got this one. What do you think?
接下来是这个。你怎么想的呢？
Well the answer is by. Will the report be finished by Friday?
答案是 by。报告可以在周五前完成吗？
So when by is a preposition of time it describes the end, the end of time. So we can use it with days, dates and times of the day.
如果 by 是时间的介词的时候，它描述的是时间的结束。我们把它和日期和一天中的时间连用。
The time to write the report ends on Friday. It's complete, there's no more time after that.
报告撰写时间于周五结束。事件完成了，之后就没有时间了。
So we can say either: The report is due by 12 pm. The report is due by Friday.
所以我们可以说：报告要在晚上12点前完成。报告要在周五之前提交。
Or the report is due by the 2nd of December. Depending on how specific we want to be.
或者在12月2日前提交报告。取决于我们想说得多具体。
But did you know that we can replace by in all of these sentences with on or at too. And there are a couple of little things that we need to pay attention to if we do.
但是你知道吗，在所有这些句子中，我们也可以用 on 或 at 来代替 by。而如果我们这样做的话，有几件小事是需要注意一下的。
Firstly, at can only be used with a time. The report is due at 2 pm.
首先，at 只能与时间一起使用。报告要在下午2点提交。
At tells us that this is a really specific moment, a specific point in time and using by suggests that the report should be finished at any point up until that point in time. So by and at are similar.
At 表明这是一个具体的时刻，一个具体的时间点，by 则表明报告应该在该时间点之前任何一个时间完成。所以 by 和 at 是很相似的。
At is very specific. By is giving us the endpoint but what about on?
At 非常具体。By 是给我们一个结束点，那 on 呢？
Well firstly, on can only be used with a day or a date. The report is due on Friday.
首先，on 只能与某一天或某个日期一起使用。该报告应该在周五前提交。
Or it's due on the 2nd of December. Now there's a tiny little shift that happens here.
或者是它在12月2日截止。这里有一个很小的转变。
As we use on, this sentence becomes more general and more neutral. It's almost just stating a fact, right?
如果我们使用 on 的话，这个句子会变得更加笼统，更加中性。这几乎就是在陈述一个事实，对吗？
It's not really creating urgency around when it must be completed. Okay? By using at or by it helps to add a little more urgency.
并不是在强调必须完成的时间的紧迫性。对吧？使用 at 或 by 可以增加一点紧迫性。
That's just a slight tiny little difference. Okay and lucky last.
这只是一个细微的差别。好的，最后一个啦。
What about this one? Well the answer here is by.
那这个呢？答案是 by。
When by is a preposition of place it means next to or near to something. It relates to closeness or to proximity.
当 by 是地点介词时，它的意思是挨着或靠近某物。它的意思是接近。
So if we say the umbrella is by the door, it's near to the door. I live by the beach.
所以如果我们说伞在门边，那就是离门很近的意思。我住在海滩边。
It's near, it's close. The post office is by the library.
就在旁边，非常近。邮局就在图书馆旁边。
It means it's next to or near to the library. Now whether you use at or by here is a little grey.
意思是它是在图书馆旁边或附近。那在这里使用 at 还是 by 是有点模糊的。
If you were thinking that the door is a precise location, then you could use at to complete this sentence but probably not when we're talking about objects like an umbrella because at sort of suggests that there's an expectation to come in. So we use it with people or with animals.
如果你认为门是一个准确的位置，那么你可以用 at 来完成这个句子，但当我们谈论像雨伞这样的物体时，可能就不使用 at 了，因为 at 会暗示进入房间的预期。所以我们在和人或动物搭配的时候它。
We say there's someone at the door waiting to come in. Frankie is waiting at the door.
我们说：有个人在门口等着进来。弗兰基在门口等着。
She's scratching at the door. She wants to come in.
她在抓门。她想进来。
But if Frankie's just sitting there outside enjoying the sunshine, we might say Frankie is by the door. So when we're describing the location of a person or of an animal, we can usually use at and by interchangeably with just a very slight change in meaning.
但如果弗兰基只是坐在外面享受阳光的话，我们可能会说弗兰基在门边。所以当我们描述一个人或一个动物的位置时，我们通常可以交替使用 at 和 by，只是在意义上有非常小的不同。
So how did you go? Did you get all six right?
你做的怎么样？六个全做对了吗？
Were there a couple that you weren't sure about? It's okay. Testing yourself and identifying those gaps in your knowledge is exactly what you need to do to keep improving.
是不是有些你不太确定呢？没关系的。测试自己并找出知识的不足，正是你需要做的事情，只有这样你才能不断提高。
Now you know which prepositions you feel really comfortable with and which ones you might need to practise a little more, maybe give a little more attention to. That is exactly how we make progress together.
现在你已经知道哪些介词的使用你感觉比较自如，哪些介词你可能需要多加练习，也许需要多加注意。只有这样我们才能取得进步。
But what about when these prepositions don't really fit into those nice neat categories of time and place? Well I want you to keep watching because I'm about to share some tips that will help you to master at by and on in different situations.
但是，当这些介词并不能完美地应用于分好类的时间和地点时，那该怎么办呢？我希望大家继续看下去，因为我即将分享一些小技巧，可以帮助你你在不同情况下正确使用 at，by 和 on。
I've got two very important tips that I want to share with you about learning prepositions. The first tip is to learn prepositions in word patterns.
关于介词学习，我有两个非常重要的小技巧要和大家分享。第一个技巧是学习搭配中的介词。
One of the best ways to make sure that you're using prepositions accurately is to learn them together with the adjectives or the verbs in word patterns. So often in English, a specific type of adjective or noun will always be followed by the same one or two prepositions and learning prepositions like this is amazing because you get to learn them in context, in the way that they are actually used in English.
确保你准确地使用介词的最好的方法之一是将它们与形容词或动词的搭配一起学习。在英语中，一个特定类型的形容词或名词后面总是跟着同样的一两个介词，这样学习介词是很有效的，因为你可以在上下文中学习它们，而这就是它们在英语中实际使用的方式。
So it will help you to avoid translating from your native language which is often a trap that my students fall into, it leads to using the wrong preposition because the way that it's used in your native language may not directly translate to the way that you learn in English And so by learning these word patterns, you're able to think about and understand the preposition as it relates to English and not directly translate it from your own native language.
这种学习方式可以帮助你避免直接从你的母语中进行翻译，这是我的学生经常陷入的一个圈套，会导致错误的介词使用，因为它在你的母语中的使用方式可能无法直接转化为在英语中的学习方式。 因此，通过学习这些单词模式，你能够思考和理解介词与英语的关系，而不是直接从自己的母语中翻译过来。
So let's look at a group of adjectives, adjectives that describe a feeling. Can you think of any?
所以让我们看一组形容词，这是一组描述感觉的形容词。你能想到什么吗？
Surprised, delighted, disappointed, amazed. I'm sure you can think of many, many more but if I wanted to describe what it was that was making me feel a certain way, angry or upset, then I would use at or by.
惊讶的，高兴的，失望的，惊奇的。我相信你能想到很多很多，但如果我想描述是什么让我产生了某种感觉的话，愤怒或不安的感觉，那么我会用 at 或 by。
I was surprised. By what?
我很惊讶。因为什么惊讶？
I was surprised by the news. I was surprised at the news.
我对这个消息感到惊讶。我对这个消息感到惊讶。
Either is fine. He was amazed by his results.
两个都可以。他对自己的成果感到惊奇。
He was amazed at his results. So the point is that just by learning this simple pattern, feeling and that feeling could be amazed, delighted, furious, surprised you have the feeling with at or by and then the cause or the reason.
他对自己的成果感到惊奇。所以这里的重点是，只要学习这个简单的搭配，可能是惊奇、高兴、愤怒、惊讶的感觉，这些感觉和 at 或 by 搭配，然后再加上具体的原因。
Well if you know that pattern, you can be sure that every time you want to talk about these feelings and what's causing them well you're going to be using the right preposition. So my second tip is to look for the exceptions and to learn them.
如果你了解了这些搭配的话，你就可以确保每次你想谈论这些感觉和造成这些感觉的原因时，你都可以正确地使用介词。我的第二个建议是寻找例外情况并记住它们。
English is full of exceptions, isn't it? It's so annoying but it's true.
英语充满了例外，对吧？这很让人讨厌，但事实就是如此。
We've just learnt that there are lots of groups of verbs or groups of adjectives that are always followed by the same preposition. Well if only it were always that simple.
我们刚学过有很多动词组或形容词组后面总是跟着同一个介词。如果总是那么简单就好了。
Let's look at the verb arrive just as an example. You arrive at a place, at describes a really precise location but if you want to talk about how you got there then you would need to use by.
让我们看一下动词“到达”作为一个例子。你到达了一个地方，at 描述的是一个非常精确的位置，但如果你想谈论你是如何到达那里的，那么你就需要使用 by。
She arrived at the cinema. But how did she get there?
她来到了电影院。但她是如何到达那里的呢？
Did she drive? Well then she arrived by car or maybe she took the train.
她是开车吗？她可能是开车来的，也可能是坐火车来的。
She arrived by train. So at describes the location, by describes the mode of transportation.
她是坐火车来的。所以 at 描述的是地点，by 描述的是交通方式。
Unless of course, she walked, in which case, we would say on foot. She arrived on foot.
当然，除非她是步行，在这种情况下，我们会说是 on foot。她是步行来的。
So there's the exception. So this is where paying attention to exceptions can really help.
所以这是一个例外。关注这里的例外情况非常有用。
But now that you know them, you can learn them and you can practise them and the next time you go to use the verb arrive you can be a hundred percent confident that you're using the right preposition. Amazing, huh?
但是既然你都知道了，你可以学习它们，你可以进行练习，下次使用动词“到达”时，你可以百分之百地确信你使用的是正确的介词。很棒吧？
So that is all I have for you today but I really hope this lesson got you thinking about prepositions a little differently and that you feel more confident about using at, on and by now. Make sure you take what you learned today and you put it into practice, spend a few minutes now just as we finish this lesson writing some sentences and practising some examples.
这就是我今天为打击准备的全部内容，我真的希望这一课能让你对介词使用有一些不同的思考，让你对使用 at、on和 by 感到更有信心。一定要把今天学到的东西付诸实践，在我们结束这节课之后，花几分钟时间写点句子，练习一些例子。
And of course, if you want to keep practising prepositions with me then go and check out my brand new prepositions course. The link is down in the description, it's also right here and there is a special discount waiting for all of my mmmEnglish students.
当然，如果你想继续和我一起练习介词的话，那就去看看我全新的介词课程吧。链接在描述中，我也放到了这里，而且有一个特别的折扣等待着所有的 mmmEnglish 频道学生。
Check it out and I will see you next week with a new lesson. Bye for now!
去看看吧，下周我将带着新课和大家见面。再见啦！