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Hey, there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
We're coming up to that time of year again when there are lots of events and celebrations that means lots of mingling, lots of chatting to people that you don't know and making small talk.
大家好，我是 Emma，欢迎来到 Emma 的美味英语！
我们还是来到了一年之中的这个时间，会有很多的活动啊庆典啊，也就意味着会有很多人际往来，需要和很多你并不认识的人交流，和他们进行寒暄。
It happens at work, at gatherings with friends or friends of friends and families of friends, neighbours, even people that you bump into in the lift. We've got to practise these skills.
这会在工作中发生，在和朋友的交往中发生，会在和朋友的朋友中聚会中发生，会和朋友的家人、邻居的交往中发生，甚至是那些在电梯里面偶然碰见的人。我们得去学习这些技能。
With small talk, we can build rapport with our colleagues, make new friends and just generally feel more positive about the interactions that we have with other people.
So today I'm going to take you through thirty questions to make small talk, to build to the confidence to start conversations in English.
通过进行寒暄，我们可以建立和同事的融洽关系，交到新的朋友，而且会对我们和其他的人交往感到更加积极。所以今天呢，我要带大家看一看三十个进行寒暄的问题，建立用英语开启对话的信心。
But before I do, I want to give a quick shout out to Lingoda who are sponsoring today's lesson.
If you want to overcome your fear of speaking and you want to do it quickly, then you need to hear about the new three month challenges: the Sprint and the Super Sprint.
但是在开始之前呢，我想要为赞助我们今天课程的金主 Lingoda 打个 call。如果你希望克服说话的恐惧，想要加快速度的话，那么你肯定需要听一下新的三个月挑战：短跑和超级短跑。
Both of these new promotions help you to commit and take massive action to level up your language skills in just three months. And both give you the chance to get a refund on the fees that you pay for your classes.
这两个新的活动会帮助大家更加投入，在短短的三个月时间内采取有力的行动来提升自己的语言水平。这两个活动呢，大家都有机会退还课程的学费。
So what's the difference between the Sprint and the Super Sprint? The Sprint challenges you to take fifteen classes a month for three months in a row.
那么短跑和超级短跑之间的区别是什么呢？短跑这个项目呢给大家的挑战是连续三个月完成十五节课程。
Complete that and you get fifty per cent refund on your course fees. The Super Sprint challenges you to take thirty classes per month for three months.
完成之后大家就可以得到百分之五十课程学费的返还。而超级短跑给大家的挑战是在连续三个月的时间内完成三十节课程。
Complete that and you'll get a hundred percent refund on your tuition fees, it's that simple. I took the Lingoda Marathon and it was one of the best things that I've ever done.
完成之后呢，就可以返还全部的课程学费，就是这么简单。我参加了 Lingoda 语言马拉松，这是我做过的最好的事情之一。
I practise my Spanish every day with native teachers and I earned real certifications. Lingoda is a quality language school which is of course why I recommend them to you.
我每天都会和母语者老师一起练习西班牙语，而且我得到了真的证书哦。Lingoda 是一个高质量的语言学校，当然了，这就是我为什么推荐给大家的原因。
With small group classes available 24/7, the flexibility is a huge plus. The next Sprints are happening from January to April.
每时每刻都有小班课程，灵活性是另外一个加分点啦。下一个短跑比赛的时间是一月到四月。
What a way to start the new year, especially if you end up getting that refund right? So if you think you've got what it takes, secure your place by signing up by December 19.
这样开启新的一年是多么特别啊，尤其是最终还可以退还学费，是吧？如果你们觉得这就是你们想要的话，那么就要在12月19号之前报名锁定住自己的位置哦。
You need to pay 49 euros as a deposit and if you use this code, you'll get 10 euros off that deposit. All the rules and event details are on the Lingoda website and of course, I'll put the link to that in the description below.
你需要支付49欧元作为押金，如果使用这个邀请码的话，你们可以得到10欧元的押金折扣。Lingoda 的网站上有所有的规则的活动细节，当然了，我也会把链接放在下方描述区。
Small talk is an incredibly important function of English conversation. It's about comfort, it's about helping two people: you and the other person that you're talking to, to feel comfortable with each other.
寒暄是英语对话非常重要的一个功能。寒暄是让人舒适的，帮助两个人，也就是你以及和你对话的的人，对于对方而言感到更加舒服。
And the intention is to try and find some common interests, something that you can share together. So I want you to think of yourself as a detective.
目的是去尝试寻找一些共同的兴趣，你们可以共同分享的事情。我想让大家将自己想象成一个侦探。
You're searching for some information and some clues to help you connect with someone, to find some common ground and some shared interests.
A good way to approach small talk is to focus on a few broad categories: work, life, travel, food, and the weather.
你们正在寻找一些信息和线索，帮助你们和别人建立联系，寻找共同点，和一些共同的爱好。一个很好的进行寒暄的方式就是关注一下这几个比较宽泛的类别：工作、生活、旅行、食物和天气。
Now I'm going to go out on a limb here and say that about ninety per cent of all small talk conversations focus on these topics. Maybe even ninety five.
我现在要大胆推测一下，我觉得大概百分之九十的寒暄对话都是关于这些话题的。甚至可能有百分之九十五吧。
But this is great because it allows us to focus on some really specific topics, right? And help you to prepare for conversations that you're very likely to actually experience.
但是这点其实是很好的，因为这让我们可以关注一些特定话题，对吧？也可以帮助大家为你们可能会真正体验的对话做好准备。
There's another thing that's useful to keep in mind with small talk and that's time. With all of these topics, we can ask questions that relate to the current situation now, any experience in the past or any future dreams or future plans, right?
关于寒暄，另外一件非常有用的需要记住的事情就是时间。有了这些话题之后，我们可以询问和目前的情况、过去的经历和未来的梦想或者是计划相关的问题，对吧？
So pay close attention to the examples that I'm going to share because I'll be using some different time references in these questions.
So let's get started with thirty questions to help you master small talk conversations.
要好好看一下我接下来和大家分享的例子哦，因为我在这些句子里面使用不同的时间标志。让我们以可以帮助大家掌握寒暄对话的三十个问题开始吧。
Starting with work. Now the most common question here is "What do you do?"
从工作开始吧。最常见的问题是：你是做什么工作的？
So we're talking about now. What's their current job?
我们讨论的是现在的事情。他们现在的工作是什么呢？
Imagine that the person that you're talking to said they're a nurse but we want to ask some more detail, right? We want to find out how we can continue the conversation.
想象一下和你对话的那个人说他们是护士，但是我们想要询问更多细节，对吧？我们想要知道如何继续这个对话。
So let's go back in time. What motivated you to become a nurse?
现在让时光倒流吧。是什么促使你成为了一名护士呢？
Did you always want to be a nurse? What was your first-ever job?
你一直想当护士吗？你的第一份工作是什么？
Did you like it? We can talk about the present as well.
你喜欢吗？我们也可以讨论一下现在。
What does your typical work day look like? What do you love about your job?
你每天工作日常是什么样的呢？你喜欢自己工作的什么方面呢？
And you can get a little creative with some future questions as well. So is this your dream job or are you working towards something else?
大家也可以问一些比较有创意的和未来有关的问题。这是你理想的职业或者你这份工作是为了其他的什么事情呢？
You want to be careful here that you don't say "working towards something bigger" or "something better" because it might be a little offensive, right?
You're sort of saying that their job that they currently have isn't good enough.
大家这里需要小心一点，大家可别说“工作是为了更大的目标”，或者是“为了更好的事情”，因为听起来可能会有点无礼，是吧？大家这样说的话意思就是他们现在的工作并不够好。
If money wasn't an issue, what job would you want? Some people might say that they don't want to work if they didn't have any issues with money, right?
如果钱不是问题的话，你们想要做什么工作呢？有人可能会说如果没有财务问题的话，他们根本就不想工作，对吧？
But you might have to rephrase that question and say "Well what would you do?" or "How would you spend your time?"
Another really great small talk topic is just talking about life and there's a couple of ways that you can do this.
但是大家可能需要换个说法问问题，可以这样说：“你想做什么其他的工作呢”或者是“你会怎么利用你的时间呢？”另外一个非常好的寒暄话题是谈论生活，有很多的方式可以这么做。
You can pay attention to local news headlines, this is a really good way of, you know, finding things to talk about. Did you hear about the accident on the freeway last night?
大家可以关注一下当地新闻标题，这是非常好的寻找可以讨论的话题的方式。你听说了昨晚高速公路的事故吗？
It sounded awful, I got stuck in traffic for over two hours. Albeit you might end up talking a lot about all of the negative stuff that we see in the news, right?
听起来很可怕，我堵了两个小时的车。尽管你们可能最最后会一直讨论我们在新闻中看到的负面的事情，是吧？
But you can also ask questions about what's happening in a person's life. So remember that your intention is to try and find some common interests right?
但是你们可以询问其他人生活情况的问题。记住你们的目标是努力找到一些共同点，对吧？
Some things that you share, so that you can keep talking about those things together. Have you got much planned for the weekend?
你们可以分享的事情，这样大家可以继续一起谈论。你们周末有什么计划吗？
This is a great question, it's my go-to. Everyone loves talking about their plans on the weekend.
这是个很好的问题呢，是我的必问问题。大家都很喜欢谈论他们周末的计划。
What do you like to do in your spare time?
Now if they share something that you also like, that's great because you can keep talking about your shared interest or if they share something that you don't know anything about, ask them for more information.
你们平时空间时间喜欢做什么呢？如果他们分享了一些你也很喜欢的事情，那就很棒了，因为你可以继续讨论你们共同的兴趣，或者是如果他们分享了一些你完全不知道的事情，那你可以询问他们更多的信息。
That's so interesting! I've never met anyone who keeps bees and makes their own honey.
非常有趣呢！我从来没有遇见过任何养蜜蜂自己制作蜂蜜的人。
How much honey do you get each week? Have you ever been bitten by a bee?
你每周可以收多少蜂蜜呢？你被蜜蜂咬过吗？
Is it easy to keep bees or do you have to be an expert? Have you read any good books lately?
养蜜蜂容易吗，还是你得成为一个专家呢？你最近读过什么好书吗？
Have you seen any good movies? If you're a mum or you're a dad, you might even ask "So do you have any kids?" because this is a great way to connect with someone.
你看过什么好电影吗？如果你是妈妈或者是爸爸的话，你甚至可以问：“你有孩子吗？”因为这是一个很好的和别人建立联系的方式。
You talk about your kid's ages, interests maybe even their naughty habits. Same thing with pets actually.
你们会讨论孩子的年龄、兴趣，可能甚至是他们淘气的习惯。宠物也是一样的。
Have you noticed that I've been using 'so' quite a bit to introduce a new idea to a conversation. This is really quite a natural way to introduce a new question.
你们注意到我一直在使用 “so” 来引入新的话题到对话之中吗？这是非常自然的引入新的问题的方式。
One that's unrelated to what you've been talking about previously. It's a really helpful conversation tool.
这个问题和你们之前谈论的话题没有关系。这是一个非常有用的对话工具。
So are you from here? This is a great question to help explore someone's past, go back in time.
你是本地人吗？这是个很好地帮助大家探索别人的过去的问题，可以让时光倒流。
Where did you live before this? Is this city quite different to that city?
你之前是住在哪里呢？这个城市和那个城市非常不同吗？
Where did you grow up? Travel is a great small talk topic.
你是在哪里长大的呢？旅行是一个很棒的寒暄话题。
It's something that we love talking about and we love sharing. So we can talk about our past experience or we can talk about travel plans and dreams for the future, right?
我们很喜欢讨论这件事情，也很喜欢分享这件事情。我们可以谈论我们过去的经历，或者是谈论我们的旅行计划，和未来的畅想，对吧？
If you're coming up to a holiday season, you're heading into summer, then a great conversation starter is "So are you planning on getting away for the holidays?" Are you taking time off over Christmas?
如果你们要去度假，要去享受暑假的话，那么一个很好的开启对话的方式是：“你有什么打算去度假吗？”你圣诞节会休假吗？
Or whatever holiday is coming up. But if it's not that time of year, you can easily start a conversation by introducing some context, right?
或者是近期的什么假期。但是如果还没到那个时间的话，你可以非常简单地通过引入某些情境来开启一段对话，对吧？
By sharing your experience first and then inviting their input. So I've just got back from a trip to Japan.
通过先分享你们的经历，然后邀请他们加入。我刚从日本旅行回来。
Have you ever been? Or maybe you might know something about their experience.
你去过吗？或者是你们可能知道他们经历的一些事情。
You went to Peru last year, didn't you? I'm planning on taking my fiancee to South America in June.
你去年去了秘鲁，是吧？我计划在六月份带我的未婚妻去南美洲。
It's our first time and I'm not really sure which countries we're going to visit. Do you have any recommendations?
这是我们第一次去，我不是很确定我们要去哪个国家。你有什么建议吗？
Do you have any recommendations about which country to visit in South America? I am thinking about a trip next year.
你有什么我们应该去南美洲的哪个国家的建议吗？我明年打算去旅行。
I love travelling. I hope to visit Kerala in the south of India at some point soon.
我喜欢旅行。我希望在近期去印度南部的喀拉拉邦旅行。
What places are on your bucket list? I'm actually really keen to hear your answers to this question.
你的目标清单上有什么呢？我真的很想知道你的答案。
What places are on your bucket list? What places are you dreaming about visiting?
你的目标清单上有什么地方呢？你想要去什么地方玩呢？
Make sure you let me know in the comments. Just like travel, food is another great small talk topic.
一定要在评论区告诉我哦。就像旅行一样，食物也是一个非常好的寒暄话题。
It's something that we all have in common. We do it at least three times a day, so there are plenty of opportunities to start a conversation about food.
这是我们的共通之处。我们每天至少吃三次饭，所以有很多机会可以开启关于事物的话题。
I'm trying to decide where to go for lunch, do you know any good restaurants around here? I'm cooking lasagna for dinner tonight.
我正在试着决定去哪里吃午餐，你知道附近有什么好的餐馆吗？我今天晚餐要做宽面条。
What about you? Hey, have you tried that new Thai restaurant on Church Street?
你呢？嘿，你尝试过教堂街上新开的泰国餐馆吗？
I've heard it's amazing. Do you like Thai food?
我听说很好吃哎。你喜欢吃泰国菜吗？
Now I just can't leave weather off the list. This is the absolute number one small talk topic.
我肯定不会落下天气的。这绝对是排名第一位的寒暄话题。
It can be used as a simple passing comment, right? It's a beautiful day today, isn't it?
这可以作为一个简短的评论，是吧？今天天气不错，是吧？
Can you believe all the rain we've been having lately? But you can also use the weather as a way to spark a conversation, by using it to introduce another topic or another activity.
你能相信我们最近一直在下雨吗？但是你们也可以使用天气作为开启对话的方式，通过使用它来引入另一个话题或者是另一个活动。
It's pouring out there! It's a shame I rode my bike today.
外面在下雨呢！好遗憾我今天骑自行车了。
How did you get to work? So there you have it!
你是怎么来上班的呢？就是这样！
Thirty different questions, thirty ways to start a conversation with small talk in English. Now I'm going to set a little homework for you, a little challenge, okay?
三十个不同的问题，三十种用英语开始寒暄的不同方式。现在呢我要给大家布置一点家庭作业，一个小小的挑战，对吧？
Because memorising and practising the questions that I've shared with you today is one thing, that's great practice but of course, what you need is to be ready to answer those questions as well so that you can keep the conversation going.
So your homework is to think of your own answers to these questions too.
因为记忆并练习我今天分享给大家的问题是一件事，那真的是很棒的练习，但是当然了，你们也需要准备好回答那些问题，这样大家就可以保持对话进行了。你们的作业就是也要想一下这些问题的答案。
Once you ask them and then you hear the answer, you want to be ready with your own experiences and your own opinions to share, right? To keep the small talk going.
一旦你们问完问题，听到了答案，你需要准备好自己的经历和自己的观点和大家分享，对吧？让寒暄进行下去。
If you'd like me to make some conversation workouts about each of these topics just like this one, then make sure you tell me in the comments, that way we can practise asking questions and responding to them out loud together.
We're going to focus on tone and pronunciation to help them come out really naturally.
如果大家想让我做一些类似于这节课程这样的，关于这些话题的对话训练的话，那么一定要在评论区告诉我哦，这样我们可以一起大声练习询问问题，然后回答。我们的重点在语调和发音，来让它们更加自然地从你们嘴里说出来。
And don't forget to check out Lingoda, the link is in the description below. Remember to use my code to get 10 euros off your deposit, if you sign up before December 19th.
不要忘记看一下 Lingoda，链接就在描述区。记住使用我的优惠券，可以有十欧元的押金优惠呢，如果你们在十二月19号之前报名的话。
You can find me on Facebook and on Instagram.
If you don't follow me on Instagram yet then come and check it out, this is where I share a little bit of personal stuff about my life and about the amazing people that are in it.
大家可以在脸书和 ins 上面找到我。如果你们还没有在 ins 上面关注我的话，那就快去看看吧，我会在上面分享一些更加私人的事情，关于我的生活，关于我生活中那些超棒的人。
If you're ready to keep practising with me now, then come and check out these lessons here. I think you're going to love them.
如果你们现在已经准备好继续和我一起练习的话，那就来看看这些课程吧。我觉得你们肯定会很喜欢的。
I'll see you in there.
待会儿见啦。