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SPACEX太空探索公司埃隆马斯克ELON MUSK：太空探索是人类的梦想
You want to wake up in the morning and think the future is going to be great - and that's what being a spacefaring civilization is all about. It's about believing in the future and thinking that the future will be better than the past. And I can't think of anything more exciting than going out there and being among the stars.”
“你想要在每天早上醒来的时候想象着未来会很美好：全都是有关于一个太空文明建立的故事！ 这是有关于相信未来的，想象着未来将会比过去更好。 我想不出还有什么比去太空的群星之中更令人兴奋的了。”
— ELON MUSK, SPACEX 埃隆马斯克，太空探索
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PRIVATE LUNAR MISSION
On September 17, 2018, SpaceX announced fashion innovator and globally recognized art curator Yusaku Maezawa will be the company’s first private passenger to fly around the Moon in 2023. To date, only 24 people have visited the Moon, with the last of them flying in 1972. This first private lunar passenger flight, featuring a fly-by of the Moon as part of a weeklong mission, will help fund development of SpaceX's Starship and Super Heavy (formerly known as BFR), an important step in enabling access for everyday people who dream of flying to space.
私人月球任务
2018年9月17日，SpaceX公司宣布日本时尚创新者和全球知名的艺术赞助人亿万富豪Yusaku Maezawa将成为本公司2023年的第一个私人商务旅月的客户。 迄今为止，人类历史上只有24人去过月球，其中最后一次是在1972年。 这是第一个私人环月飞行，以环月飞行作为为期一周的任务，这有助于为SpaceX的星际飞船和重型猎鹰火箭(原名BFR)提供充足的资金，这是日常人类飞往太空梦想获得的重要一步。
STARSHIP AND SUPER HEAVY
SpaceX's Starship and Super Heavy Rocket represent a fully reusable transportation system designed to service all Earth orbit needs as well as the Moon and Mars. This two-stage vehicle—composed of the Super Heavy rocket (booster) and Starship (ship)—will eventually replace Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy and Dragon. By creating a single system that can service a variety of markets, SpaceX can redirect resources from Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy and Dragon to Starship—which is fundamental in making the system affordable.
星际飞船和重型猎鹰火箭
SpaceX的星际飞船和超级重型猎鹰火箭是一个完全可重复使用的运输系统，其设计可服务于所有的地球轨道、环月飞行和火星登陆的需求。 这两级架构包含两个部分：超级重型火箭(助推火箭)和星际飞船(飞行舱)——它将会最终取代猎鹰9号、重型猎鹰和龙。 通过创建一个完全独立的系统，可以服务各种市场。SpaceX公司可以从猎鹰9号、重型猎鹰和龙的资源重新定向到星际飞船-从而使公司负担得起最基本的制造成本。
STARSHIP USES
An important question we have to answer is, “How do we pay for this system?” The answer lies in creating a single system that can support a variety of missions. SpaceX can then redirect resources from Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy and Dragon to this system.
星际飞船的应用
我们必须回答的一个重要问题是,“我们如何承担起这项任务的费用? “答案在于创建一个单一独立的系统来支持各种各样的任务。 SpaceX公司可以将资源从猎鹰9、重型猎鹰、龙飞船中重新定向给这个系统。
SATELLITES
SpaceX's Starship and Super Heavy rocket are designed to deliver satellites to Earth orbit and beyond, at a lower marginal cost per launch than our current Falcon vehicles. With a 9m diameter forward payload compartment, larger than any other current or planned fairing, Starship creates possibilities for new missions, including space telescopes even larger than the James Webb.
卫星发射任务
SpaceX的星际飞船和超级重型火箭旨在为地球轨道和之外提供发射卫星的服务，用一个相对于目前的猎鹰助推器更加低成本的方案。 星际飞船有着9米直径有效载荷舱，比其他任何当前或计划中的整流罩都大，星际飞船为新任务创造了可能性，还包括发射比詹姆斯·韦伯更大的太空望远镜。
SPACE STATION MISSIONS
Starship can deliver both cargo and people to and from the International Space Station. Starship’s pressurized forward payload volume is greater than 1,000m3, enhancing utilization capacity for in-space activities. The aft cargo containers can also host a variety of payloads.
空间站的任务
星际飞船可以输送货物和人到国际空间站。星际飞船的加压载荷量大于1000立方米，提高了可利用的太空活动能力。尾部的集装箱还可以作为各种有效载荷的空间。
INTERPLANETARY TRANSPORT
Building Moon bases and Mars cities will require affordable delivery of significant quantities of cargo and people. The fully reusable Starship system uses in-space propellant transfer to enable the delivery of over 100t of useful mass to the surface of the Moon or Mars. This system is designed to ultimately carry as many as 100 people on long-duration, interplanetary flights
星际运输
建设月球基地和火星城市需要运载大量的货物和人。 这套完全可重复使用的飞船系统使用太空推进剂转换成超过100吨的有效推力输送货物和人到月球或火星表面。 这套系统设计的目是最终是能携带多达100人进行长时间的星际飞行。
MISSIONS TO MARS
Our aspirational goal is to send our first cargo mission to Mars in 2022. The objectives for the first mission will be to confirm water resources, identify hazards, and put in place initial power, mining, and life support infrastructure. A second mission, with both cargo and crew, is targeted for 2024, with primary objectives of building a propellant depot and preparing for future crew flights. The ships from these initial missions will also serve as the beginnings of the first Mars base, from which we can build a thriving city and eventually a self-sustaining civilization on Mars.
火星任务
我们的进一步目标是在2022年把我们首个货物送到火星。
第一次任务的目的是确定水资源、识别危险地带，和就位的电力，开挖地面和生命保障基础设施。
第二个任务：2024年的目标是把货物和人送往火星，在地面建设一个火箭主要的发射场，为未来船员飞行做准备。
这些执行初始任务的飞船也将作为第一个火星基地的开端，我们可以建立一个繁荣的城市并最终在火星上建立一个可以完全自立的文明世界。
MARS ENTRY
Starship will enter the Mars atmosphere at 7.5 kilometers per second and decelerate aerodynamically. The vehicle’s heat shield is designed to withstand multiple entries, but given that the vehicle is coming into the Mars atmosphere so hot, we still expect to see some ablation of the heat shield (similar to wear and tear on a brake pad). The engineering videos below simulate the physics of Mars entry for Starship.
火星入口
星际飞船将用每秒7.5公里的空气动力学减速进入火星大气层。 船舱的防热罩被设计成可以承受多次出入大气层，但是考虑到飞船进入火星大气层时这么热，我们仍然预期看到一些烧蚀防热罩痕迹(类似于刹车片磨损)。 以下是飞船进入火星时物理工程模拟的火星飞船的截图。
EARTH TO EARTH TRANSPORTATION
With Starship and Super Heavy, most of what people consider to be long distance trips would be completed in less than half an hour. In addition to vastly increased speed, one great benefit about traveling in space, outside of Earth’s atmosphere, is the lack of friction as well as turbulence and weather. Consider how much time we currently spend traveling from one place to another. Now imagine most journeys taking less than 30 minutes, with access to anywhere in the world in an hour or less.
地球表面点对点运输
有了星际飞船和超重型火箭，大多数人们认为长途旅行将在不到半个小时内可以到达目的。 除了极大提高的速度，一个最大的好处就是地球大气层之外的太空航行是几乎没有大气摩擦以及空气引起的湍流和天气方面的原因。 考虑到我们目前从一个地方旅行到另一个地方需要花那么多的时间。 可以想象现在用不到30分钟就可以在1个小时或者更少的时间内到达世界上任何一个地方。
下图是使用星际飞船和超重型火箭到达各个城市的所需要的时间和普通飞机航班对比：
