英文题目：Open innovation: Are inbound and outbound knowledge flows really complementary?
摘要：开放创新范式的一种新颖的含义是，知识的流入和流出是互补的。 我们认为，同时参与买卖知识应允许公司增加创新成果。
同时，我们确定开放企业可以通过结合知识流入和流出来减少的一些相关成本（认知，交易和组织成本）。 但是，从经验上讲，我们在比利时制造公司样本中没有发现这种互补性的证据。 购买和销售知识的公司确实会增加其新产品的销售，但与此同时，他们的研发成本比成比例地增加了。
因此，我们的发现表明，需要对研究开放创新的实际成本的驱动因素进行更好的了解。
Abstract:One novel implication of the open innovation paradigm is that inflows and outflows of knowledge are complementary. We argue that engaging simultaneously in buying and selling knowledge should allow firms to increase innovation outcomes.
At the same time, we identify some of the relevant costs (cognitive, transaction, and organizational costs) that open firms can reduce by combining knowledge inflows and outflows. Empirically, however, we find no evidence for such complementarity in a sample of Belgian manufacturing firms. Firms buying and selling knowledge do increase their sales of new products, but at the same time their R&D costs increase more than proportionally.
Our findings, therefore, indicate the need for research into a better understanding of the drivers of actual costs of organizing for open innovation.
来源期刊：STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL，2016年
参考文献格式：Cassiman, Bruno& Valentini, Giovanni.Open innovation: Are inbound and outbound knowledge flows really complementary?[J].STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL,2016,37(6):1034-1046