【习题】
(完形填空)Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonethelesshave got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions; the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined our health. Thatthis__3__should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound calledacrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures. This means that people should __7__crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread. But where is the evidence tosupport such alarmist advice? __9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,
there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is "__11__ to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. __12__ theprecautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice. __14__, it was rumored that
smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? __17__, the FSA says it is not tellingpeople to cut out roast foods __18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their __19__ risks comingacross as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening.
1. [A] In [B] Towards [C] On [D] Till
2. [A] match [B] express [C] satisfy [D] influence
3. [A] patience [B] enjoyment [C] surprise [D] concern
4. [A] intensified [B] privileged [C] compelled [D] guaranteed
5. [A] issued [B] received [C] ignored [D] canceled
6. [A] under [B] at [C] for [D] by
7. [A] forget [B] regret [C] finish [D] avoid
8. [A] partially [B] regularly [C] easily [D] initially
9. [A] Unless [B] Since [C] If [D] While
10. [A] secondary [B] external [C] inconclusive [D] negative
11. [A] insufficient [B] bound [C] likely [D] slow
12. [A] On the basis of [B] At the cost of [C] In addition to [D] In contrast to
13. [A] interesting [B] advisable [C] urgent [D] fortunate
14. [A] As usual [B] In particular [C] By definition [D] After all
15. [A] resemblance [B] combination [C] connection [D] pattern
16. [A] made [B] served [C] saved [D] used
17. [A] To be fair [B] For instance [C] To be brief [D] in general
18. [A] reluctantly [B] entirely [C] gradually [D] carefully
19. [A] promise [B] experience [C] campaign [D] competition
20. [A] follow up [B] pick up [C] open up [D] end up
1.【答案】 C On
【 解析】 此处考察介词词义辨析。 On a cold winter's day 意思是在一个寒冷冬日。 介词 on 后加具体的某一天; in 后加一段时间, 例如 in winter, in 2002; toward 表方向, 不与时间搭配; till 意思是直到, 例如till tomorrow, till next week, 与句意不符。 故正确答案为 on。
2.【答案】 A match
【解析】 此处考察动词词义辨析。 文章的首段首句提到: 即使家庭成员不太可能经常坐下来一起吃饭,但数百万英国人将在这个周末参加这个国家最伟大的传统活动之一: 星期日烤肉。 On a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasures can __2__it. 在一个寒冷的冬日, 很少有什么乐趣与之匹配。 match 匹配。 express表达。 satisfy 满足, 满意; 确信; 符合。 influence 影响。
3.【答案】 B enjoyment
【解析】 此处考察上下文逻辑关系。 上文说到星期日烤肉是一项开心的活动。 后文 Yet 进行语义转折:然而正如现在报道的那样, 食品卫生部门认为这种 3 会导致另一种有罪的快乐 4 损害我们的健康。 enjoyment 乐趣与上文 pleasures 和下文 another pleasures 互为关联信息。 patience 耐心, 耐性。 surprise惊喜。 concern 关心。
4.【答案】 D guaranteed
【解析】 此处考察非谓语动词做后置定语的用法。 空格所在句指出: 这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐损害我们的健康。 guaranteed 有保证的, 一定的, 填入空格处意为: 这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐, 肯定会损害我们的健康。 intensified 增强, 加剧; privileged 享有特权, 专用, 特许; compelled强迫。
5.【答案】 A issued
【解析】 此处考察词义辨析。 The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning... 食品标准管理局 一项公开的警告... issued 发表, 发布, 发出; received 接收, 接到; ignored 忽视, 忽略; canceled取消。 issued a public warning 发出一项公开的警告符合文意。
6.【答案】 B at
【解析】 此处考察介词辨析。 in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures. under 在...下面; for 为了; 因为; 对于; by 在…旁边; 通过; 由于; 经过。
7.【答案】 D avoid
【解析】 此处考察上下文逻辑关系。 7 空句首 this mean 代词 this 指代上文高温炙烤的食物里会有化学复合物有害人体身体健康。 所以下文提出建议人们应该 7 炸土豆, 不吃薄皮披萨并且...7 空同时也与reject 构成语义并列的关系, 故 avoid 正确。 forget 忘记; regret后悔; finish 完成。
8.【答案】 A partially
【解析】 此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。 ...and only__8__ toast their bread. 8 空前文说到建议人们不吃炸土豆, 薄皮披萨或者只是 8 烤面包。 partially 部分地, 偶尔地; regularly 有规律地; easily 容易地; initially 最初地。 故 A 选项正确。
9.【答案】 D While
【解析】 此处考察上下文逻辑关系+逻辑连接词辨析。 __9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can causeneurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans. 9 研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤, 但是没有 10 证据表明它会导致人类患癌症。 前后句为转折/对比/让步的逻辑关系, 故选择 while 表示虽然, 尽管。 Unless 除非, 表条件的逻辑关系; Since 因为, 表因果逻辑;If 如果, 表条件的逻辑关系。
10.【答案】 C conclusive
【解析】 此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。 9 研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤, 但是没有 10证据表明它会导致人类患癌症。 conclusive 决定性的; 令人信服的; 确凿的secondary 第二的, 中等的;间接的; external 外面的, 外部的; 表面上的; 外用的; 外国的; negative 消极的, 否认的。
11.【答案】 C likely
【解析】 此处考察固定搭配。 be likely to 可能。 insufficient 不足的, 不够的; bound *绑捆**的, 束缚的,有义务的; slow 缓慢的。
12.【答案】 A On the basis of
【 解析】 此处考察短语辨析+上下文逻辑。 __12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is__13__ to follow the FSA advice. 12 预防性原则, 可以说遵循 FSA 的建议是 13 。 On the basis of以...为基础, 根据, 按照; At the cost of 以...为代价; In addition to 除...之外; In contrast to 与之相对,相反。
13.【答案】 B advisable
【解析】 此处考察形容词词义辨析。 根据预防性原则, 可以说遵循 FSA 的建议是 13 。 interesting 有趣的; advisable 明智的, 可取的; urgent 急迫的; fortunate 侥幸的, 幸运的。
14.【答案】 D After all
【解析】 考察逻辑关系。 原文中上一句说“基于“预防原则”, 可以认为最好遵循 FSA 的建议”。 本句说“在有证据证明吸烟与癌症之间的联系之前, 吸烟导致癌症的传言就已经流传多年了。 结合选项分析, Asusual 像往常一样, In particular 尤其, 特别, By definition 根据定义, After all 毕竟, 只有 After all 符合文意。
15.【答案】 C connection
【解析】 本题考察动宾搭配, 结合语境和句子成分理解, 这里的名词放在 prove“证明”后面, 整体处在不定式中做主语补足语说明主语 evidence, 这里“证据”应该是证明出来(吸烟和肺癌) 有联系的, 故选择 connection。 Resemblance 相似, combination 结合, pattern 模式, 均不符合。
16.【 答案】 B served
【 解析】 本题考察主谓搭配, 此处为被动语态, 和主语 a piece of boiled beef 构成实际上的“动宾关系”,句意“毫无疑问, 一片煮熟的牛肉总能在周日和一些蒸蔬菜一起__16__”。 这里 served up 表示“上菜, 端上”正和文意。 而其他选项 made 制作, saved 节省, used 使用, 均不符合。
17.【 答案】 A To be fair
【 解析】 本题考察主谓搭配, 上一句说“但是生命值得过下去吗? ”本句话说, “英 FSA 表示, 它并没有告诉人们....不吃烘焙食品”, 可见后文并没有对上文进行举例( for instance) 或总结( To be brief) 或表示经常发生的事情(in general) , 故, 应该选择顺承关系的 To be fair。
18.【 答案】 B entirely
【 解析】 此处考察副词的修饰关系。 本句话句意为“英 FSA 表示, 它并没有告诉人们不吃烘焙食品__18__”。 结合各选项分析: reluctantly 不情愿地, entirely 完全地, gradually 逐渐地, carefully 小心谨慎地, 能跟前面的否定词 not 呼应使用表示一种部分否定的, 只能是 entirely 才合适, not ...entirely 表示“并未完全...”。
19.【 答案】 C campaign
【 解析】 本题考察主谓搭配。 根据原文语境“然而, 他们(FSA) 的...有风险给人一种‘劝诱式’保姆的感觉” , 答案 campaign 表示“( 开展的) 运动, 活动”放在这里最合适。 promise 承诺, experience 经历或经验, competition 竞争, 均不能体现本文中 FSA 所做行为的代称。
20.【 答案】 D end up
【 解析】 考察动宾搭配, 这里的句义是“持续不断的健康威胁__20__却没有人在听。 ”这里想强调太多的的对健康的恐慌的最终结果, 只有“结束, 以...告终”这个含义最符合, 所以选择 end up, 而 follow up跟踪, 坚持完成, pick up 捡起, 拾起, 偶然学到, open up 打开, 开发, 均不符合文义。距离21考研还有10天,加油!微云寄宿考研祝各位顺利上岸Dream perseverance is doomed to loneliness and hesitation, because there is no lack of other people's doubts and ridicule, but then what, even if all over the bruises, also want to live beautifully!
