每日外刊 | 0414-拯救全球化!买一辆中国的电动车

背景知识

中国制造,或许在过去只是廉价的代名词,但是进入新时期,中国制造已经让国外消费者翘起了大拇指。如今,中国制造除了覆盖国外消费者的日常生活物品之外,将要踏入一个新的领域,那就是高品质新能源汽车。2020年10月开始,特斯拉上海超级工厂正式启动了整车出口业务。也就是说,上海工厂不仅仅满足了中国市场的需求,同时更有能力能够去实现产品出口。目前确认即将出口的产品是Model 3标准续航升级版,出口产品与国产版车型并无差异,配置将会保持一致。这次开启出口业务后,特斯拉上海工厂的产品将主要销往德国、法国、意大利、瑞士等十余个欧洲国家。

每日外刊|0414-拯救全球化!买一辆中国的电动车

正文阅读

Save Globalisation! Buy a Chinese EV.

拯救全球化!买一辆中国的电动车。

Schumpeter is not a car owner. He bought his last one, a diesel-fuelled Volkswagen, in 2015, days before the emissions-cheating scandal erupted. He was so appalled that when the car’s engine caught fire he vowed never to buy another and took to a bike instead. He has lived in emissions-free smugness ever since. At least he did—until increasing numbers of electric vehicles (EVS) started to swish past, signalling even more virtue. Now his car envy has returned—but with a dilemma. Some of the most appealing EVS in Europe are either made in China (Tesla) or by Chinese-owned firms (mg). Given concerns about the decoupling of trade into ideological blocs, should that be a dieselgate-sized worry?

熊彼特自己没有车。他在2015年大众排放作弊丑闻爆发的前几天,买了他的最后一辆车,一辆以柴油为燃料的大众汽车。在他买完这辆车之后,当他听到这车的发动机起火时,他非常震惊,发誓再也不买汽车了,转而买了一辆自行车。此后,他一直生活在无排放的自鸣得意之中。至少他是这样做的,直到越来越多的电动车从他身边呼啸而过,他对电动车的向往又回来了。但他却陷入了两难境地。欧洲最吸引人的一些电动汽车要么是中国制造(特斯拉),要么是由中资企业制造(名爵)。考虑到人们对贸易与意识形态集团脱钩的担忧,这应该是一个“柴油门”级别的担忧吗?

To answer that question, first examine what is known in China as “the catfish effect”, the idea that a predator makes weaker rivals swim faster. For years China led the world in production and purchase of EVS. However, the cars were heavily subsidised and shoddy. They were a response to the government’s desire to scrub the air and leapfrog the internal-combustion engine, a technology in which China was a laggard. Delighting customers was an afterthought. No Chinese EV-maker was as world-beating as Huawei became in smartphones—before America blackballed it in 2019.

要回答这个问题,首先要研究一下在中国被称为 "鲶鱼效应 "的观点,即捕食者会让弱小的对手游得更快。多年来,中国在电动汽车的生产和购买方面处于世界领先地位。然而,这些汽车得到了大量的补贴,并且质量较差。它们是对政府净化空气和超越内燃机的愿望的回应,中国在这一技术上是落后的。让客户满意是一个事后的想法。在2019年被美国拒绝之前,中国没有一家电动汽车制造商像华为在智能手机领域那样举世瞩目。

That same year Tesla set up shop in Shanghai and began rolling Model 3s off the production line. It became, says Gregor Sebastian of the Mercator Institute for China Studies in Berlin, the epitome of a catfish. The effect was similar to the benefit that production of Apple’s iPhone in China brought to the country’s smartphone market, where local suppliers had to raise their game to meet international standards.

同年,特斯拉在上海开店,开始将Model 3下线到市场进行销售。柏林墨卡托中国研究所的格里高尔·塞巴斯蒂安说,它成了鲶鱼的缩影。这种效果类似于苹果公司在中国生产iPhone给中国智能手机市场带来的好处,当地供应商不得不提高自己的水平,以达到国际标准。

今日单词

  • diesel-fuelled adj. 以柴油为燃料的;
  • appalled /əˈpɔːld/ adj. 感到惊骇的;
  • take to 开始从事;形成…的习惯;
  • smugness /ˈsmʌɡnəs/ n.沾沾自喜,自鸣得意;
  • swish /swɪʃ/ vi. 嗖嗖地快速移动;
  • envy /ˈenvi/ n. 羡慕;忌妒;
  • dilemma /dɪˈlemə; daɪˈlemə/ n. 左右为难,两难境地;
  • appealing /əˈpiːlɪŋ/ adj. 有吸引力的;有感染力的;令人感兴趣的;
  • given /ˈɡɪvn/ prep. 考虑到,鉴于;
  • decoupling /diːˈkʌplɪŋ/ n. 分离,隔断;
  • ideological bloc 意识形态集团;
  • dieselgate n. “柴油门”(丑闻);<非正式>大众集团汽车舞弊事件;
  • the catfish effect 鲶鱼效应;
  • predator /ˈpredətər/ n. 捕食者;掠夺者;
  • heavily subsidised 大量补贴;
  • shoddy /ˈʃɑːdi/ adj. 粗制滥造的,劣质的;
  • scrub /skrʌb/ vt. 擦洗;刷洗;
  • leapfrog /ˈliːpfrɔːɡ/ vt. 越级提升;
  • laggard /ˈlæɡərd/ n. 落后者;技不如人者;
  • delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ vt. 使高兴;使满足;
  • afterthought /ˈæftərθɔːt/ n. 事后想法;事后添加的事物;
  • world-beating /ˈwɜːrld biːtɪŋ/ adj. 世界一流的;
  • blackball /ˈblækbɔːl/ vt. 投票反对…加入;
  • epitome /ɪˈpɪtəmi/ n. 典型;典范;

素材来源

文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)

作者:Unknown

原文发布时间:10 Apr. 2022

每日美句

All the splendor in the world is not worth a good friend.

人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。