一、 长难句
“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words arthropod “human” and logos “the study of”. By its very name，anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
· 词的处理 ·
anthropology n. 人类学
derive from 源出，来自，得自；衍生于
Greek adj. 希腊的；希腊人的
by its very name 就名字而言；顾名思义，类似的表达有by its very nature = 就其本质而言
encompass vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成
· 句子翻译分析 ·
“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words arthropod “human” and logos “the study of”. By its very name，anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
“人类学”一词起源于希腊语anthropos（人类）和logos（对于…的研究）。就名字而言，人类学包含了对整个人类的研究。
句子主干： 两句均为主谓宾结构，即“Anthropology” /derives from/ the Greek words arthropod “human” and logos “the study of”. By its very name，anthropology /encompasses/ the study of all humankind.
二、 长难句
Therefore，it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner，with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
· 词的处理 ·
richness n. 丰富；富裕；肥沃；广泛
diversity n. 多样性；差异
systematic adj. 系统的；体系的；有系统的；
manner n. 方式；习惯；种类；
result from起因于；由……造成
lead to 导致；通向 (结合上下文意译为：促进)
harmonious adj. 和谐的，和睦的；协调的
· 句子翻译分析 ·
Therefore，it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner，with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
因此，运用冷静和系统的方法对人类的广泛性与多样性进行研究，是至关重要的。我们/人们希望通过这些研究获得的知识可以促进人与人之间、以及人类与地球上的所有其他物种更加和谐地共存。
①句子主干： it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity，译为：对人类的广泛性和多样性进行研究是至关重要的。
②修饰成分：in a calm and systematic manner，译为：以冷静和系统的方式，做方式祝状语；with the hope … 怀着……的希望，做句子的伴随状语；that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. that引导同位语从句，解释the hope 的具体内容。
③that从句的主干为the knowledge can lead humans to a more harmonious way；resulting from such studies 为the knowledge 的定语，直译为“源自这些研究的知识”结合上下文意译为：通过这些研究获得的知识；of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet 解释a more harmonious way 的具体内容。
当修饰成分较多、较长时，可考虑将修饰成分处理成单句。例如，该句with the hope that …翻译时处理成短语形式的修饰成分难度较大，则单独处理成单句，译文为“增译”，即：添加主语。
三、长难句
Furthermore，humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live，thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
· 词的处理 ·
modify vt. 修改，修饰；更改
subject sth. to …使服从；使遭受；受…管制
peculiar adj. 特殊的；独特的；奇怪的；罕见的
fancy n. 幻想；想象力；爱好
· 句子翻译分析 ·
Furthermore，humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live，thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
①句子主干= 主谓宾= humans /have / the ability
②修饰成分：to modify the environment 为动词不定式做定语修饰the ability；in which they live 为定语从句，修饰the environment；thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies 为非谓语动词（v-ing形式）充当结果状语修饰主句。
四、长难句
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative，possessed of insatiable curiosity.
· 词的处理 ·
human beings 人类
wonder at 对…感到吃惊
thoughtful adj. 深思的；体贴的；关切的
creative adj. 创造性的
be possessed of 具有；拥有；占有
insatiable adj. 贪得无厌的；不知足的
curiosity n. 好奇，好奇心；珍品，
· 句子翻译分析 ·
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative，possessed of insatiable curiosity.
人类无时无地不在探究他们所居住的这个世界，并且惊叹于他们所处的地方。人类有思想、有创造性，而且具有难以满足的求知欲。
①首句主干：首句= 主谓宾= human beings +think about + their world / and +wonder at +their world.
②二句主干为主系表= humans +are + thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.
③修饰成分：in all times and places 每时每刻；in it = in the world
五、长难句
For example，these tests do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
· 词的处理 ·
compensate for赔偿，补偿，（此处结合语境可意译为：减少）
gross adj. 总共的；粗野的；恶劣的；显而易见的
social adj. 社会的，社交的；群居的
inequality n. 不平等；不同；不平均
underprivileged adj. 贫困的；被剥夺基本权力的；社会地位低下的
youngster n. 年轻人；少年
circumstances n. 情况（circumstance的复数）；环境；情形
· 句子翻译分析 ·
For example，these tests do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
例如，这些测试并不能弥补/减少明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差/贫穷的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。
①句子主干：主+（并列）谓宾 = （主语）these tests + (谓语1) do not compensate for (宾语1)gross social inequality, and thus（谓语2）do not tell （宾语2）how able an underprivileged youngster might have been.
②修饰成分：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances = 为省略了if的虚拟条件状语从句= if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances.
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