每年有1700多万人死于心血管疾病。上周在联合国大会边际活动上，世界卫生组织同合作伙伴一道，新发起“全球心”行动计划。全球心计划希望抗击全球头号致亡因素——心血管疾病对于全球的威胁。
▼
全球心：*击狙**头号健康杀手
世界卫生组织同合作伙伴一道，上周在联合国大会边际活动上新发起“全球心”行动计划。全球心计划希望抗击全球头号致亡因素——心血管疾病（包括心脏病和中风）——对于全球的威胁。
全球范围内，每年有1700多万人死于心血管疾病。这些人当中，很多人之前接触过*草烟**使用、摄食高盐食品、运动锻炼不足等不健康行为。而且，如果之前更好地获取了高血压（每年导致了大部分心脏病相关的死亡）、高胆固醇等导致心脏病和中风风险增加的状况方面的医疗服务，其中很多人的性命本可以得到拯救。
齐心协力，拯救生命 陈冯富珍博士
全球心计划通过加强*草烟**税、减少食品中盐的含量、高风险人员发现和治疗、加强初级医疗卫生服务等经过检验的措施，在社区和国家预防心血管疾病，可以拯救数百万生命。通过这些措施，美国心血管疾病导致的死亡已减少了40%以上，芬兰男性中由心血管疾病导致的死亡已经降低了80%。
全球心计划将与其它相关工作一起，扩大心血管疾病的预防和控制；这一点，将在发展中国家得到突出体现。该计划由世界卫生组织、美国疾控中心以及世界心脏病联盟、世界卒中组织、国际高血压学会、世界高血压联盟等合作伙伴协作推进。
“全球心计划值得憧憬。该计划希望把在富裕人口中已经产生显著效果的措施推广给在资源有限的国家生活的人民或者低收入群体。中风和心脏病导致的死亡中，四分之三发生在中低收入国家。贫穷和弱势人群不应当无法获取可以拯救大量生命的干预措施，特别是考虑到这些有效的干预措施并不昂贵。
——陈冯富珍博士
世卫组织总干事
“减少对*草烟**产品的需求以及对食物含盐量的需求，可以帮助数百万人避免不必要的死亡，使他们不必忍受心血管疾病。对于资源不足的政府来说，这样可以避免不必要的医疗开支，大幅度降低成本。”
——道格拉斯.波特切博士
世界卫生组织非传染性疾病预防主任
全球心计划包含三个技术包：
· SHAKE：一组具有循证支撑的新政策选择和案例，支持政府降低人口对盐的消耗。如果每个国家都充分落实该技术包，每年将有数百万人得救，卫生系统的非传染性疾病负担将显著减轻。
· HEARTS：该技术包向各国提供了工具，帮助将心血管疾病管理最佳做法纳入基层医疗，以减少高血压、高胆固醇等心血管风险因素。HEARTS技术包希望通过公平获取持续的标准化优质医疗来预防心脏病和中风。
· MPOWER：每年，约600万人因*草烟**丧命。MPOWER共提供了6项实用、用得起且可实现的措施，帮助各国落实《世界卫生组织*草烟**控制框架公约》的具体规定。这套新措施将提供新的推动力，帮助很多已经在实施MPOWER工具包的国家进一步扩大工作，以降低需求的干预措施有效进行*草烟**控制。
“全球心行动采取综合性方针来处理心血管疾病负担问题。其目标是要帮助各国进一步拓展经过测试的、用得起且可以进行适应性改造的措施，来让国家的医疗服务可以更高地发现和治疗承担心脏病风险、承受心脏病痛苦的人们。”
——Etienne Krug博士
世界卫生组织非传染性疾病管理主任
全球心行动将首先在巴巴多斯、哥伦比亚、埃塞俄比亚、印度、伊朗伊斯兰共和国、约旦、尼泊尔、尼日利亚、菲律宾、塔吉克斯坦、泰国和乌干达开展，并将向所有希望参加的国家开放。
New initiative launched to tackle cardiovascular disease, the world’s number one killer
“Global Hearts”, a new initiative from the World Health Organization (WHO) and partners was launched on the margins of the UN General Assembly last week. Global Hearts aims to tackle the global threat of cardiovascular disease (which can include heart attack and stroke) – the world’s leading cause of death.
Around the world, more than 17 million people die annually from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many of these people have been exposed to unhealthy behaviours, including tobacco use, eating foods containing too much salt, and inadequate physical activity. And many could be saved by better access to medical care for high blood pressure (responsible for the bulk of heart disease-related deaths annually), high blood cholesterol and other conditions that raise the risk for heart disease and stroke.
Global Hearts is part of a new effort to scale up prevention and control of CVD, especially in developing countries. It is a collaboration between WHO, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), and other partners, including the World Heart Federation, the World Stroke Organization, the International Society of Hypertension, and the World Hypertension League.
WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan says the Global Hearts Initiative can save many millions of lives through ramping up proven measures to prevent CVD in communities and countries, including tobacco taxation, reducing salt in foods, detecting and treating people at high risk and strengthening primary health care level services. Using such measures, the United States has reduced deaths from CVD by more than 40%, and Finland has reduced CVD deaths in men by 80%.
The Global Hearts Initiative comprises three technical packages:
· SHAKE: a new set of evidence-backed policy options and examples to support governments to lower population salt consumption. If fully implemented in every country, SHAKE could save millions of lives per year and dramatically reduce the burden of NCDs on health systems.
· HEARTS: This technical package gives countries the tools to incorporate cardiovascular disease management best practices at the primary health care level to reduce cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. HEARTS aims to prevent heart attacks and strokes through equitable access to ongoing, standardized and quality care.
· MPOWER: Tobacco kills around 6 million people every year. MPOWER is a set of six practical, affordable and achievable measures to help countries implement specific provisions of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. This new push will help scale up efforts by many countries that are already implementing the MPOWER package of demand-reduction interventions for effective tobacco control.
“The Global Hearts Initiative is fair, as it aims to extend measures that have produced such dramatic results in wealthy populations to people living in countries with limited resources or in low-income groups,” says Dr Chan. “Over three quarters of deaths from heart attacks and strokes occur in low- and middle-income countries. Poor and disadvantaged populations should not be denied access to interventions that can save so many lives, especially since effective interventions are also inexpensive.”
“Reducing demand for tobacco products and content of salt in foods can help millions of people avoid unnecessary death and suffering from cardiovascular disease,” adds Dr Douglas Bettcher, WHO Director for Prevention of NCDs. “This can also be a major cost saving for resource-strapped governments by avoiding unnecessary healthcare costs.”
“The Global Hearts Initiative takes a comprehensive approach to address the cardiovascular disease burden. Its aim is to help countries scale up tested, affordable and adaptable measures to make their health services better able to detect and treat people at risk of, or suffering from, heart disease.”
——Dr Etienne Krug
WHO Director for the Management of NCDs
The Global Hearts Initiative will be initially rolled out in Barbados, Colombia, Ethiopia, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan, Nepal, Nigeria, Philippines, Tajikistan, Thailand and Uganda – and will be open to all countries wishing to participate.