随着美国对伊朗的第一批制裁生效（8月6日生效），伊朗汇率加速崩跌再刷新低。截至7月29日，伊朗实际通胀率也已经飙升至203%，创2013年10月以来最高。
As the first US sanctions against Iran are about to take effect (effective on August 6th), the Iranian exchange rate has decelerated. Up to July 29th, the actual inflation rate in Iran has soared to 203%, the highest since October in 2013.
上周，土耳其也遭美国制裁威胁，土耳其货币里拉汇率短时间内从1美元兑4.75里拉跌至1美元兑4.91里拉，土耳其里拉创下持续下跌的最长记录。
Last week, Turkey was also threatened by US sanctions. The Turkish currency Lira exchange rate fell from 1 dollar exchanging 4.75 lira to 1 dollar exchanging 4.91 lira in a short period of time. The Turkish lira made the longest record of continuous decline.
在美国的制裁压力下，俄罗斯的石油出口、天然气出口、煤炭出口等都已遭受沉重打击。如俄罗斯铝业公司的股价，已经暴跌了55%，48小时即损失人民币310亿元。
Under the pressure of US sanctions, Russia’s oil, natural gas, and coal exports have all been hit badly. For example, the share price of Russia’s aluminum company has plummeted by 55%, and it lost 31 billion RMB in 48 hours.
…
经济制裁对外贸人最主要的影响就是：货款难收，甚至入不了帐！
The most important impact of economic sanctions on foreign traders is that the payment is difficult to collect, and even can’t enter the account!
为什么客户的国家被美国制裁，中国银行却收不了汇过来的美金？
Why does the Chinese bank can’t receive the US dollars from the remittance with only the customer’s countries sanctioned by the United States?
因为国际贸易不仅要遵从我国的相关法律，同时也要考虑到国际惯例。银行对高风险地区的款项往来确实很敏感，若被查到，将被处罚甚至销户。
Because international trade must comply with the relevant laws of our country and take International practices into account. Banks are really sensitive to the flow of money in high-risk areas. If they are found, they will be punished or their account would be closed.
01
核查能否正常收汇
Check whether the foreign exchange can be collected normally.
若和高风险国家或地区进行正常贸易，请务必提前核查并确保收汇通畅。可参考以下核查方式：
If you are in normal trade with a high-risk country or region, be sure to check in advance and ensure that the foreign exchange is smooth. Please refer to the following methods for verification:
首先，让客户付一笔定金，看银行能否正常入账。如果是近期已有交易的老客户，且有正常入账经历的情况下，可以相对灵活一些。但付定金肯定更好，一方面降低客户信用风险，另一方面能紧跟海外制裁和银行政策的变动。
First, let the customer pay a deposit to see if the bank can be credited. If he is an old customer who has recently traded and there is a normal accounting experience, it can be relatively flexible. But paying a deposit is definitely better, On the one hand, reducing customer credit risk. On the other hand, it can keep up with changes in overseas sanctions and banking policies.
其次，在获知客户及付款银行之后，自行核查客户及付款银行的受制裁/风险信息，往下看可获取名单。
Secondly, after obtaining the customer and the payment bank, check the sanction/risk information of the customer and the payment bank and look down the available list.
02
做好风险应对
Prepare to respond to risks
◆ 定期关注高风险国家名单，随时有可能出现变化。
◆ Regularly keep a watchful eye on the list of high-risk countries and change at any time.
◆ 对于明确列入受制裁名单的国家/实体，一般情况下不建议继续交易。
◆ For countries/entities that are explicitly included in the sanctioned list, it is generally not recommended to continue trading.
◆ 经核查正常的汇款银行，建议与客户书面约定，后续必须用这家银行付款，避免不必要的风险和纠纷。
◆It is recommended to agree in writing with the customers that they should pay the remittance bank verified to be normal in order to avoid unnecessary risks and disputes.
◆ 如果是DP（付款交单）支付方式，确保美元入账之后再放单。
◆ If it is a payment method of DP (payment delivery), make sure that the US dollar is placed after the account is placed.
◆ 购买出口信用保险，转嫁风险。
◆ Purchase export credit insurance and pass the risk.
03
四类高风险国家或实体
3. Four types of high-risk countries or entities
◆ 受联合国/美国制裁的国家
◆ Countries subject to UN/US sanctions
包括伊朗、苏丹、朝鲜、叙利亚、古巴。这5个国家是受联合国/美国制裁的，国内大部分银行拒绝办理这些国家的任何国际业务。
They are Including Iran, Sudan, North Korea, Syria, and Cuba. These five countries are subject to UN/US sanctions, and most domestic banks refuse to handle any international business of these countries.
查询方式： Ways for inquiry:
联合国制裁名单查询网站：
UN sanctions list inquiry website:
https://www.un.org/sc/suborg/zh/sanctions/un-sc-consolidated-list
美国OFAC制裁名单查询网站：
US OFAC sanctions list inquiry website:
http://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov
◆ 受美国、欧盟等单方面制裁的实体
◆ Entities subject to unilateral sanctions by the United States and the European Union, etc.
例如俄罗斯。近年来，美国和欧盟对俄罗斯的国防、金融和能源等行业采取一系列制裁措施。查询显示，当前位于美国制裁名单上的俄罗斯银行多达94家（含分支行），其中包括该国最大的银行之一的莫斯科银行。
For example, Russia is one of them. In recent years, the United States and the European Union have adopted a series of sanctions against Russia's defense, finance and energy industries. According to the query, there are as many as 94 Russian banks (including branches) currently on the US sanctions list, including Moscow Bank, one of the country's largest banks.
查询方式： Ways for inquiry:
欧盟制裁名单查询网站:
EU sanctions list inquiry website:
http://eeas.europa.eu/cfsp/sanctions/consol-list_en.htm
◆ 未受制裁但疑似为受制裁实体提供金融服务的国家
◆ Countries that are not sanctioned but are suspected of providing financial services to sanctioned entities
例如阿联酋（主要是迪拜、阿布扎比、沙迦这3个酋长国）、沙特、土耳其等国。来自这些国家的美元付款，涉嫌为高风险个人/组织（如伊朗、ISIS）提供金融服务，有可能会被美国核查。国内的一些银行为避免摊上事儿，也会主动进行核查。
For example, the United Arab Emirates (mainly the three emirates----Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah), Saudi Arabia, Turkey and other countries. US dollar payments from these countries are suspected of providing financial services to high-risk individuals/organizations (such as Iran, ISIS) and may be verified by the United States. Some domestic banks will initiatively check in order to avoid spreading things.
今年7月1日，史上最严的反洗钱新规实施，同一时期国内一些银行开始严查境外尤其是土耳其和阿联酋的美元汇款，引得广大出口商纷纷吐槽。
On July 1st this year, the most stringent anti-money laundering regulations in history were implemented. During the same period, some domestic banks began to investigate the US dollar remittances abroad, especially in Turkey and the United Arab Emirates, attracting exporters.
查询方式： Ways for inquiry:
每家国内银行政策不同，详询银行
Each domestic bank policy is different, please consult the bank
◆ 未受制裁但高风险国家
◆ Unsanctioned but high risk countries
例如土耳其、巴基斯坦等国。这些国家国内政局不稳，与美国若即若离，被制裁的可能性很大。对于这些国家的业务，也要保持谨慎。
For example, they include Turkey, Pakistan and other countries. The internal political situation in these countries is unstable, and it is highly likely that they will be sanctioned if they leave the United States. Be cautious about the business of these countries.
查询方式： Ways for inquiry:
每家国内银行政策不同，详询银行。
Each domestic bank policy is different, please consult the bank.
为避免收款时无法入账，请大家务必关注以下高风险国家名单及评估结果
In order to avoid the inability to get the payment into accounts, please pay attention to the following list of high-risk countries and assessment results.
国家风险评级划分为1~9级（共9级），风险水平依次升高。国家风险展望分为“正面”“稳定”和“负面”三个层面。
The national risk rating is divided into 1~9 grades (9 grades in total), and the risk level increases in turn. The national risk outlook is divided into three levels: “positive”, “stable” and “negative”.
“正面”表示未来1年内该国风险水平可能相对下降；
“Positive” indicates that the risk level of the country may decline relatively in the next year;
“稳定”表示未来1年内该国风险水平可能保持稳定；
“Stable” indicates that the risk level of the country may remain stable in the next year;
“负面”表示未来1年内该国风险水平可能相对上升。
“Negative” indicates that the risk level of the country may rise relatively in the next year.
