Counterfeiting is has become a global event,essentially given the proliferation of variousforms of technologies.
鉴于各种形式的技术扩散，造假已成为一个全球性事
Just a vanity Network can be counterfeitedfrom your favorite collude to your piece ofshot.
单单一个虚幻的网络就可以从你最喜欢的合照中伪造你的照片。
But the stakes are typically higher,when theitem being counterfeited is one that has life depending implications such as a medicine.
但是，如果假冒产品是能维持生命的产品(如药品),假冒风险通常会更高。
So our company a little of a decade ago,proposed a board solution to the medicinal counterfeiting problem in particular,
所以，十年前，我们公司董事会提出了一个解决方案来专门解决药品假冒问题,
that by allowing end user authentication,wecan empower consumers and patients to beable to sift out a counterfeit medicine from anoriginal one. .
通过允许终端用户认证，我们可以让消费者和患者能够从原始药品中筛选出假冒药品。
How successful has that probably?
成功率有多高?
We' ve seen close to about 2 billion productauthentications.
我们已经看到近20亿个产品认证。
That essentially means about 2 billion timesthat consumers have had to dispel doubts andfears,and I've been able to pick the right product out of what would have been a counterfeitone.
这意味着，消费者消除疑虑和恐惧的次数大约是20亿次，并且我已经能够从假冒产品中挑出正品。
These products will be medicines such asgripe water that a mother wants to give thebaby,
这些产品可能是药物，如母亲想要喂给婴儿的肥仔水,
or say, a contraceptive that a young personmight want to take in order to avoid a possible pregnancy for instance- -all verysensitive situations.
或者，为了避免怀孕，年轻人可能想服用的一种避孕药一所有 这些都是非常敏感的情况。
So from the data we statistically infer thathundreds of millions of people have beenimpacted by our work,and day in day out weget feedback from consumers,
因此，从我们的数据统计推断，我们的工作影响了数亿人，每天我们都得到消费者的反馈,
who express their gratitude about how thetechnology has affected their lives,from theforegoing..from these indicators who say thatwe've done very well,
他们对科技对生活的影响表达了感激之情，以上这些指标表明我们做得很好，
we have expanded our footprint from Ghanawhich is a small country comparatively, tonow about 14 different countries in Africa andAsia and counting.
现在，我们的业务已从加纳这个相对较小的国家扩展到非洲和亚洲的14个国家。
We've pivoted primarily from medicine anti-counterfeiting to other areas,like agriculturefor instance,where we are now working withMinistries of Agriculture around Africa,
我们主要从药品防伪转向其他领域，比如农业，我们现在与非洲各地的农业部合作,
to see the light packs of seeds andensure thatfarmers are buying the right seeds and not buying on whilom seeds,and planting themand discovering down the line that they weresued a knockoff version of the seed that hewanted,
检查轻包装的种子，并确保农民购买合适的种子，而不是陈年种子，种植了这些种子，然后发现他们想要种子的仿制品被起诉,
so from these indicators I think we can confidently say that have been being quitewell.
因此，从这些指标来看，我认为，我们可以很自信地说，事情进展良好。
How about our people who said that no matter what people have been able to do,companies like yours have done,there'sstill a lot out there,counterfeit medicine is allover the place,they re dominating the market?
我们的员工表示，不管人们能做什么，像你们这样的公司已经做了，还有很多事情等着我们去做，假冒药品处处可见，它们控制着市场吗?
How much of that are you guys been able totackle?
你们能解决多少问题?
I would say that those concerns will be justified and for two primary reasons.
我想说，这些担忧是合理的，原因主要有两个。
I think it was the first president of this country that said that the success of a thingmust not be judged by how fighters come,butessentially by how fighters respond to theneed that was with their effort.
我认为，这个国家的第一位任总统表示，判断一件事情能否成功的标准，不在于战士为何产生，而在于战士如何回应努力所带来的需求。
They should do.. .has to do with the fact thatcompanies like ours and indeed many othersare working hard to their socialize speeds,cannot fix these problems by themselves.
他们应该....这与这个事实有关像我们这样的公司，以及许多其他公司，正努力提高自己适应社会的速度,他们自己不能解决这些问题。
We do require the enabling environment, we do require governmental support and governmental ownership.
我们确实需要有利的环境，确实需要政府的支持和所有权。
If we take an pedigree for instance, you wouldrealize that the countries in which we' ve beenable to have the significant amounts of impact, have been the countries where thegovernments have been welcoming.
如果我们以背景为例，你就会意识到，那些我们能产生巨大影响的国家里，政府欢迎我们。
If you contrast, the case of Nigeria, the case ofGhana, where we have efforts for
instance,you'll see that for instance from2008 to 2010,
如果对比一下尼日利亚和加纳的情况，你会看到，从2008年到2010年，我们在这里付诸努力,
we' re anti-counterfeiting of medicines such asantimalarials and some forms of antibioticswas a ton,a ridiculous high percentage of 60percent.
我们反仿冒了大量药物，如抗疟疾药和一些抗生素，比例高达60%。
We' ve seen it dropped significantly to 12percent by 2016 and in some of the recentestimates to four percent and falling.
我们已经看到，2016年，这一比例大幅下降至12%。根据最近的估计，这一比例已降至4%，而且还在下降。
That is a tremendous success story that wehave been able to work with the authorities inNigeria to accomplish.
这是一个我们能与尼日利亚当局合作来取得巨大成功的故事。
We have not been able to do that in Ghana,simply because we've not been able toset in motion the kind of patterns you don'thave seen in Nigeria.
我们没能在加纳做到这一点，只是因为我们没能启动尼日利亚没有的模式。
Let's go back to ordinary consumers.
让我们回到普通消费者。
Do they really understand our what these technology is about?
他们真的了解我们这些技术的内涵吗?
In Africa a lot of people buy their airtim...butI think Africa has more mobile phones thanany other country in the world.
在非洲，很多人购买他们的通话时间，但是，我认为，非洲的移动电话数量居世界首位。
Now a lot of people already vary from theirmobile phone,and the way they buy airtime isto buy a piece of paper with a set of codes onit and then to type that code into a mobile.
现在，很多人的手机千差万别，他们通过买一张带有一组代码的纸购买通话时间，然后把这些代码输入手机。
These people doing this system now becomeacclimatized to twitter already.，
现在，使用这个系统的人已经适应了twitter。
A solution simply leverage on that existinginfrastructure.
解决方案只是利用现有的基础设施。
So that all the consumer has to do is the first looking for the medicinal part that has thecode,
所以，消费者要做的就是首先寻找含有代码的药用部分，
and then to take that part and send the codeby SMS or user's ID,and within seconds receive information.
然后，通过短信(SMS) 或用户ID发送代码，几秒内接收信息。