LeetCode第十二题：整数转罗马数字
12：
英文题面：
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.
Symbol Value I 1 V 5 X 10 L 50 C 100 D 500 M 1000
For example, two is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. Twelve is written as, XII, which is simply X + II. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
- I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9.
- X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90.
- C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
Example 1:
Input: 3 Output: "III"
Example 2:
Input: 4 Output: "IV"
Example 3:
Input: 9 Output: "IX"
Example 4:
Input: 58 Output: "LVIII" Explanation: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: 1994 Output: "MCMXCIV" Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
中文题面
罗马数字包含以下七种字符： I， V， X， L，C，D 和 M。
字符 数值
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
例如， 罗马数字 2 写做 II ，即为两个并列的 1。12 写做 XII ，即为 X + II 。 27 写做 XXVII, 即为 XX + V + II 。
通常情况下，罗马数字中小的数字在大的数字的右边。但也存在特例，例如 4 不写做 IIII，而是 IV。数字 1 在数字 5 的左边，所表示的数等于大数 5 减小数 1 得到的数值 4 。同样地，数字 9 表示为 IX。这个特殊的规则只适用于以下六种情况：
I 可以放在 V (5) 和 X (10) 的左边，来表示 4 和 9。
X 可以放在 L (50) 和 C (100) 的左边，来表示 40 和 90。
C 可以放在 D (500) 和 M (1000) 的左边，来表示 400 和 900。
给定一个整数，将其转为罗马数字。输入确保在 1 到 3999 的范围内。
示例 1:
输入: 3 输出: "III"
示例 2:
输入: 4 输出: "IV"
示例 3:
输入: 9 输出: "IX"
示例 4:
输入: 58 输出: "LVIII" 解释: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.
示例 5:
输入: 1994 输出: "MCMXCIV" 解释: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90, IV = 4.
解析：
这里实际上很简单，数字转罗马数字就是不断地除以整数，然后检查余下的数的大小即可，按照人脑进行数字转罗马数字的操作即可，先看有几个1000，在看剩下的是不是900，在看是不是大于500，在看剩下的够不够400，依次类推，写成顺序执行即可。
代码：
class Solution(object): def intToRoman(self, num): result = "" result += "M"* (num / 1000) num = num % 1000 if num / 100 == 9: result += "CM" num -= 900 elif num / 100 >=5: result += "D" num -= 500 elif num / 100 == 4: result += "CD" num -= 400 result += "C"* (num / 100) num = num % 100 if num / 10 == 9: result += "XC" num -= 90 elif num / 10 >=5: result += "L" num -= 50 elif num / 10 == 4: result += "XL" num -= 40 result += "X"* (num / 10) num = num % 10 if num == 9: result += "IX" num -= 9 elif num >=5: result += "V" num -= 5 elif num == 4: result += "IV" num -= 4 X_num = num result += "I"*X_num return result
