香港1998年版2毫硬币（收于2020年）香港，简称"港"，全称中华人民共和国香港特别行政区；地处中国华南地区；西接珠江，与澳门特别行政区隔海相对；北接广东省深圳市；南面是广东省珠海市万山群岛，洋面广阔，岛屿众多。全球第三大金融中心，与纽约、伦敦并称为"纽伦港"，有"东方之珠""美食天堂""购物天堂"等美誉。地区面积：1106.66平方公里；人口752 万人（2019年）。行政长官：林郑月娥。
距今约12.9万年以前，岭南境地就已经出现了早期古人。先秦时期，《吕氏春秋》中称"百越"，《史记》中称"南越"，《汉书》称"南粤"，是中华文明的发源地之一。公元前214年，香港一带属番禺县管辖。汉朝香港隶属南海郡博罗县；东晋咸和六年，香港隶属东莞郡宝安县。明朝万历年间从东莞县划出部分地方成立新安县，为后来的香港地区。1841年1月26日，第一次*片鸦**战争后，英国强占香港岛。1898年6月9日，英国强迫清政府签订《展拓香港界址专条》，租期99年。1941年12月25日，日军进犯香港，香港开始了三年零八个月的日本占领时期。1997年7月1日，中国政府对香港恢复行使主权，香港特别行政区成立，基本法开始实施。香港进入了"一国两制"、"港人治港"、高度自治的历史新纪元。2019年2月，《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》正式印发。
香港经济以服务贸易业为主；实行低税率的简单税制；是内地第六大贸易伙伴和第四大出口市场。2012年10月，世界经济论坛发布《2012年金融发展报告》，香港连续两年高居榜首。2017年9月发表的全球金融中心指数中，香港位居第三名，仅次于伦敦与纽约。截至2019年，香港连续24年获得评级为全球最自由经济体，经济自由度指数排名第一。是世界第七大贸易经济体，位居全球货柜港第五位。2017年香港机场航空货运量位居全球第一位；航空客运量位居全球第八位。香港国际机场古物园维多利亚港，是亚洲的第一、世界第三大海港。青马大桥更是全球最长的行车及铁路吊桥。港珠澳大桥是在建的世界最长的跨海大桥。香港科技大学名列"国际高等教育研究机构QS公布2012亚洲大学排行榜"第一。城市摩天大楼数目居世界首位。2018年12月，香港入选"城市旅游目的地百强"排第1名，入选"游客访问量最大的十个城市"，排第1名。2019年3月，第25期"全球金融中心指数"第3位。2019年5月，《2019年世界竞争力年报》全球第二。2019年5月，2019全球城市指数报告《全球城市综合排名》第五。香港的黄金市场是全球第三大黄金市场；2018年香港新股市场总集资额2865亿港元，全球排名第一。
港元或称港币，是香港的法定流通货币；此二毫硬币，黄铜合金，波浪形边缘，正面主图中央有一朵象征香港的紫荆花图案，盛放的紫荆象征着香港的繁荣。背面主图是发行年份及面额。Hong Kong, referred to as "Hong Kong", is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China;It is located in South China; it is adjacent to the Pearl River in the West and opposite the Macao Special Administrative Region by sea; it is bordered by Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province in the north; to the south is the Wanshan archipelago of Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, with a vast ocean surface and numerous islands. The world's third largest financial center, together with New York and London, is known as "Nylonkong". It has the reputation of "Pearl of the East", "paradise of food" and "paradise of shopping". Area: 1106.66 square kilometers; population: 7.52 million (in 2019). Chief executive: Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor.
About 129000 years ago, there were early ancients in Lingnan. In the pre Qin period, "Baiyue" was called in lvshi Chunqiu, Nanyue in Shiji, and Nanyue in Hanshu, which was one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization.In 214 BC, Hong Kong was under the jurisdiction of Panyu County. Hong Kong in Han Dynasty belonged to Boluo County, Nanhai County; In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Hong Kong was subordinate to Baoan County, Dongguan County. During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, some places were set aside from Dongguan County to establish Xin 'an County, which became the later Hong Kong area. On January 26, 1841, after the first Opium War, Britain seized Hong Kong Island. On June 9, 1898, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the Special Article for the Extension of Hong Kong Boundary Sites with a lease term of 99 years. On December 25, 1941, the Japanese army invaded Hong Kong, and Hong Kong began the Japanese occupation period of three years and eight months. On July 1, 1997, the Chinese government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was established, and the Basic Law began to be implemented. Hong Kong has entered a new historical era of "one country, two systems", "Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong" and a high degree of autonomy. In February 2019, the Outline of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Development Plan was officially issued.
Hong Kong's economy is dominated by service trade; Implement a simple tax system with low tax rate; It is the sixth largest trading partner and the fourth largest export market of the Mainland. In October 2012, the World Economic Forum released the Financial Development Report 2012, and Hong Kong topped the list for two consecutive years. In the global financial center index published in September 2017, Hong Kong ranked third, only behind London and new york. As of 2019, Hong Kong has been rated as the freest economy in the world for 24 consecutive years, ranking first in the economic freedom index. It is the seventh largest trading economy in the world and ranks fifth in the global container port. In 2017, the air cargo volume of Hong Kong Airport ranked first in the world; Air passenger traffic ranks eighth in the world. Victoria Harbour, Antiquities Park of Hong Kong International Airport, is the first seaport in Asia and the third largest seaport in the world. Qingma Bridge is the longest suspension bridge for traffic and railway in the world. Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is the longest sea-crossing bridge under construction in the world. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology ranks first in the 2012 Asian University Rankings published by QS, an international higher education research institution. The number of skyscrapers in cities ranks first in the world. In December 2018, Hong Kong was ranked No.1 in the Top 100 Urban Tourism Destinations and No.1 in the Top Ten Cities with the Most Visited Tourists. In March 2019, the 25th issue of "Global Financial Center Index" ranked 3rd. In May 2019, the World Competitiveness Annual Report 2019 ranked second in the world. In May 2019, the 2019 global city index report "Global City Comprehensive Ranking" ranked fifth. Hong Kong's gold market is the third largest gold market in the world; In 2018, Hong Kong's new stock market raised a total of HK$ 286.5 billion, ranking first in the world.
Hong Kong dollar or Hong Kong dollar is the legal currency in circulation in Hong Kong; This 20-cent coin, brass alloy, wavy edge, has a bauhinia pattern symbolizing Hong Kong in the center of the front main picture, and the bauhinia in full bloom symbolizes the prosperity of Hong Kong. The main picture on the back shows the release year and denomination.
