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爱尔兰2015年版1分硬币（收于2021年）爱尔兰，西临大西洋，东靠爱尔兰海，与英国隔海相望，是北美通向欧洲的通道；是西欧议会共和制国家；享有“翡翠岛国”、“欧洲小虎”的美誉。国土面积7万平方公里；人口498万（2019年）；首都：都柏林；总统：迈克尔·希金斯，总理：米歇尔·马丁。
公元前7000年左右，来自大不列颠岛的猎户成为爱尔兰最早的定居者。公元前6世纪，凯尔特人陆续从中欧入侵爱尔兰，逐渐形成统一的文字和语言，建立起许多小王国，但未形成统一的国家。
432年，基督教传入爱尔兰 。1169年遭英格兰入侵。1542年，英王亨利八世成为爱尔兰国王。1801年，爱尔兰王国和大不列颠王国统一，爱尔兰并入英国。1845年爱尔兰独立运动开始。1916年，都柏林爆发抗英的“复活节起义”。1921年12月6日，爱英双方签署《爱英条约》，爱尔兰南部26郡次年成立“自由邦”。1937年12月29日，爱通过宪法成立共和国并设立总统。1949年4月，爱尔兰宣布成立共和国之后，自动退出了英联邦，18日英承认其独立。
外交方面; 主张以联合国为国际集体安全体系核心，依据国际法和平解决争端，以国际合作和多边主义维护各国安全和福祉。是欧盟、世贸组织和联合国的成员国。1979年6月22日，中爱签署建交公报，1980年两国互派大使。目前共有7对友城（省）：北京市和都柏林市、上海市与科克市、江苏省与科克郡，甘肃省和斯莱果郡、苏州市与基尔肯尼郡、成都市和芬戈郡、云南省和克莱尔郡、海南省与威克洛郡结为友城关系。
经济方面：爱尔兰是高度发达的资本主义国家，也是世界经济发展速度最快的国家之一；铅锌矿储量丰富，是欧洲最大铅锌生产国；锌产量占世界的4.3%，铅产量占世界的2% ；传统经济以农牧业为主；1999年和2003年软件出口分别居世界第一和第二，被誉为“欧洲软件之都”。香农开发区作为世界上第一个经济特区，被誉为“区域性开发的成功典范”。
2008年受国际金融危机冲击，被迫接受欧盟与国际货币基金组织850亿欧元的援款并实行财政紧缩政策；2013年12月15日，爱正式宣布无条件退出欧盟与国际货币基金组织的援助计划。2017年3月加入亚洲基础设施投资银行。
2020年出台全球发展战略亚太区域2025规划，将中国视为爱在亚洲地区的重要合作伙伴，爱是欧盟内为数不多对华贸易保持顺差的国家。有“爱尔兰文化使者”之称的大型舞剧《大河之舞》被称为“世界第一踢踏舞”，是爱尔兰文化的优秀代表。爱尔兰曲棍球是世界上速度最快的草地运动。
爱尔兰是世界上受教育程度最高的国家之一；中小学实行义务教育，大学由国家提供部分经费；都柏林圣三一学院在2013世界大学最新排名中居第67位。近年来，中国赴爱留学人数稳步增长，在爱留学生已逾5000人。
货币方面：爱尔兰镑为爱尔兰共和国法定货币，由爱尔兰中央银行发行；1爱尔兰镑等于100新便士。 2002年1月1日起开始使用欧元； 1 欧元 = 100 分。此一分硬币，正面主图是欧元区统一图案和面额；背面是国家名称、发行年份和一竖琴盾徽；天蓝色的盾面上绘有金黄色的竖琴。蓝色象征爱尔兰人蓝色的眼睛以及大海和天空，竖琴是爱尔兰典型的传统乐器，为爱尔兰人民喜爱的“天使之琴”，象征宁静、和平、博爱的颂歌，鼓舞着人民不屈不挠，奋勇向前。竖琴被选为国徽标志，昭示了音乐在爱尔兰所占据的极为重要的地位。
Ireland, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Irish Sea in the east, and across the sea from Britain, is the gateway from North America to Europe; It is a parliamentary republic of Western Europe; Enjoy the reputation of "Emerald Island" and "Little Tiger of Europe". The land area is 70,000 square kilometers; Population of 4.98 million (2019); Capital: Dublin; President：Michael D Higgins a， Prime Minister：Micheal Marti.
Around 7000 BC, Orion from Great Britain became the earliest settlers in Ireland. In the 6th century BC, the Celts invaded Ireland from Central Europe, gradually forming a unified writing and language, and established many small kingdoms, but did not form a unified country.
In 432, Christianity was introduced into Ireland. It was invaded by England in 1169. In 1542, King Henry VIII of England became king of Ireland. In 1801, the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain were unified, and Ireland was incorporated into Britain. The Irish independence movement began in 1845. In 1916, the anti-British "Easter Uprising" broke out in Dublin. On December 6th, 1921, Ireland and Britain signed the Treaty of Ireland and Britain, and the 26 counties in southern Ireland established the "Free State" the following year. On December 29, 1937, Ireland established the Republic and the President through the Constitution. In April, 1949, after Ireland announced the establishment of a republic, it automatically withdrew from the Commonwealth, and Britain recognized its independence on 18th.
Diplomacy：Ireland advocate taking the United Nations as the core of the international collective security system, peacefully resolving disputes in accordance with international law, and safeguarding the security and well-being of all countries through international cooperation and multilateralism. It is a member of the European Union, WTO and the United Nations. On June 22, 1979, China and Ireland signed a communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations. In 1980, the two countries exchanged ambassadors. At present, there are seven pairs of sister cities (provinces): Beijing and Dublin, Shanghai and Cork, Jiangsu and Cork, Gansu and Sligo, Suzhou and Kilkenny, Chengdu and Fingo, Yunnan and Claire, Hainan and Wicklow.
Economy: Ireland is a highly developed capitalist country and one of the countries with the fastest economic development in the world; Rich in lead-zinc deposits, it is the largest producer of lead and zinc in Europe. Zinc production accounts for 4.3% of the world, and lead production accounts for 2% of the world.The traditional economy is dominated by agriculture and animal husbandry. In 1999 and 2003, the software exports ranked first and second in the world, respectively, and were known as "the software capital of Europe". As the first special economic zone in the world, Shannon Development Zone is known as "a successful model of regional development".
In 2008, due to the impact of the international financial crisis, it was forced to accept the aid of 85 billion euros from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund and implement the fiscal austerity policy. On December 15th,2013,Ireland officially announced its unconditional withdrawal from the aid program of the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. Joined the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank in March 2017.
In 2020, the Asia-Pacific 2025 Plan, a global development strategy, was issued, and China was regarded as an important partner of Ireland in Asia. Ireland is one of the few countries in the European Union that has maintained a trade surplus with China. Riverdance, a large-scale dance drama called "the ambassador of Irish culture", is called "the first tap dance in the world" and is an outstanding representative of Irish culture. Irish hockey is the fastest grass sport in the world.
Ireland is one of the countries with the highest education level in the world; Implement compulsory education in primary and secondary schools, and universities are partially funded by the state; Trinity College Dublin ranked 67th in the latest ranking of world universities in 2013. In recent years, the number of Chinese students studying in Ireland has increased steadily, with more than 5,000 students studying in Ireland.
Currency: Irish pound is the legal tender of the Republic of Ireland, issued by the Central Bank of Ireland; 1 Irish pound equals 100 new pence. The euro will be used from January 1, 2002; 1 Euro = 100 cents. This cent coin, the front main picture is the unified design and denomination of the euro zone; On the back is the name of the country, the year of issue and a harp coat of arms; The sky-blue shield is painted with a golden harp. Blue symbolizes Irish blue eyes and the Great sea and the sky. Harp is a typical traditional musical instrument in Ireland. It is a favorite "angel's harp" of Irish people, symbolizing tranquility, peace and love, and inspiring people to persevere and forge ahead bravely. The harp was chosen as the symbol of the national emblem, which shows that music occupies an extremely important position in Ireland.
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