【俄乌冲突】
Why oil is spiking again?
油价为何又在飙升？
In the 1970s Arab states used the “oil weapon” of embargoes to punish Western governments for supporting Israel.
20世纪70年代，阿拉伯国家利用禁运这一“石油*器武**”来惩罚支持以色列的西方政府。
On May 30th the heads of the 27 EU member governments agreed to turn the weapon on themselves, as part of a fresh round of sanctions against Russia following its invasion of Ukraine.
5月30日，欧盟27个成员国的首脑同意将该*器武**对准自己，这是继俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后对俄罗斯新一轮制裁的一部分。
As well as cutting off Sberbank, Russia’s largest bank, from the swift cross- border payment system, the package will also ban purchases of Russian crude oil and refined products, such as diesel, by the end of the year.
除了将俄罗斯最大的银行俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行(Sberbank)排除在快速跨境支付系统之外，该制裁计划还将在今年年底前禁止购买俄罗斯原油和柴油等成品油。
There would, the eu said, be a “ temporary ” exemption for oil delivered through pipelines.
欧盟表示，通过管道输送的石油可以“暂时”豁免。
The price of a barrel of Brent crude leapt above $120 on the news, its highest level since March.
消息传出后，布伦特(Brent)原油价格跃升至每桶120美元以上，为3月份以来的最高水平。
In principle , the decision is highly significant.
原则上，这个决定意义重大。
As well as demonstrating unity, and the bloc’s willingness to bear economic pain to punish Russia, it cuts one of the few remaining trade ties with the Kremlin.
它不仅表明了欧盟的团结，以及该组织愿意承受经济上的痛苦来惩罚俄罗斯，它还切断了与俄罗斯仅剩的贸易联系之一。
It also imperils one of Russia’s most lucrative sources of foreign-currency earnings.
它还危及俄罗斯最赚钱的外汇收入来源之一。
The eu is Russia’s biggest market for crude, buying about half the country’s oil exports.
欧盟是俄罗斯最大的原油市场，购买量占据该国大约一半的石油出口量。
There are reasons, however, to be sceptical that the move will deprive the Kremlin of much foreign currency.
然而，我们有理由怀疑此举是否会让俄罗斯失去大量外汇。
For a start, the ban only applies to seaborne oil, transported via tankers.
首先，这项禁令只适用于通过油轮运输的海运石油。
That is the price of unity: excluding oil delivered by pipelines was necessary to find a compromise with Hungary, which is both more sympathetic to Russia than most eu countries and critically dependent on the Soviet-era Druzhba pipeline (a name meaning “friendship” in Russian).
这就是团结的代价：将通过管道运输的石油排除在外是为了与匈牙利达成和解，匈牙利比大多数欧盟国家更同情俄罗斯，而且严重依赖苏联时期的“德鲁日巴”管道(在俄语中是“友谊”的意思)。
Hungary imports about 65% of its crude from Russia.
匈牙利大约65%的原油从俄罗斯进口。
Seaborne oil makes up a similar share of Europe’s imports from Russia.
海运石油在欧洲从俄罗斯进口的石油中所占的份额也差不多。
But the ban is likely to have a limited impact on the oil market.
但该禁令对石油市场的影响可能有限。
A big question is whether Russian seaborne crude, once placed under sanctions, will go unsold.
一个大问题是，一旦受到制裁，俄罗斯海运原油是否会卖不出去。
So far Russia’s oil exports have risen even as the country has come under sanctions.
到目前为止，尽管俄罗斯受到制裁，但该国的石油出口仍在增长。
According to analysts at JPMorgan Chase, a bank, much of the increase has gone to India, which has not issued sanctions of its own.
据摩根大通银行的分析师称，大部分增加的出口量流向了印度，而印度还没有发布自己的制裁措施。
Another question is whether Europe does eventually ban piped Russian oil, which is harder to redirect to other countries.
另一个问题是，欧洲最终是否会禁止通过管道输送俄罗斯石油，因为这些石油更难转向至其他国家。
重要词汇 ： embargoes n.禁止贸易令;禁运 v.禁止…的贸易;禁运
Crude n.原油;石油
adj.粗糙的;粗略的;简略的;大概的;粗制的;冒犯的，粗俗的，粗鲁的(尤其有关性的);天然的
Seaborne adj.海运的
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