原创 随口说美国自由君 无限空间 今天
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我们又踏上了美西旅程
一部车，一家人
半个暑假
由“躺平现象”引发我讲述了两期关于美国“垮掉一代”，以及之后的嬉皮士运动，不出意外，引发大家兴趣的是最后的内容：“嬉皮士运动的精神领袖竟然是一位中国诗人“。
寒山，是一位中国人不太熟悉的唐朝中国诗人，又一个墙内开花墙外香的经典 。寒山从南宋以来就被日本人尊为“禅宗大诗人”，1953年美国诗人GarySnyder（加里施奈德）从一个日本画展中看到了寒山的诗句，从而翻译了其中24首出版，这个薄薄的简易版本，成为了美国翻译史上的神话。
（这本薄薄的由Gary Snyder翻译的寒山诗，在整个美国60-70年代风靡一时，现在甚至成为东方文学的必选教材）
寒山，在美国的影响力：
寒山诗句24首全部入选美国非常流行的《中国文学选集》，是唐诗入选最多的诗人； “垮掉的一代”的代言人凯鲁亚克在自传体小说《达摩流浪者》的扉页，就写着 “致寒山”。比尔波特翻译了《寒山全诗》后到中国苦苦寻找隐士，写下了《空谷幽兰》等畅销著作；奥斯卡获奖电影《冷山》，其实应该翻译成“寒山”，因为电影就是改变自1997年查理·弗雷色的小说《寒山》。小说的扉页上引用了寒山的一首诗：
“人问寒山道，寒山路不通”
Men ask the way to Cold Mountain
Cold Mountain: there's no through trail
（2003年，七项奥斯卡大奖提名的美国电影《cold mountain》）
好吧，让我们来欣赏一下把寒山诗剧带入美国，也是最受美国人欣赏的Gary Snyder翻译的寒山诗
一可笑寒山道
可笑寒山道，而无车马踪；联溪难记曲，叠嶂不知重．泣露千般草，吟风一样松；此时迷径处，形问影何从？ The path to Han-shan's place is laughable,A path, but no sign of cart or horse.Converging gorges - hard to trace their twistsJumbled cliffs - unbelievably rugged.A thousand grasses bend with dew,A hill of pines hums in the wind.And now I've lost the shortcut home,Body asking shadow, how do you keep up? 二重岩我卜居 重岩我卜居，鸟道绝人迹。庭际何所有，白云抱幽石。住兹凡几年，屡见春冬易。寄语钟鼎家，虚名定无益。 In a tangle of cliffs, I chose a place -Bird paths, but no trails for me.What's beyond the yard?White clouds clinging to vague rocks.Now I've lived here - how many years -Again and again, spring and winter pass.Go tell families with silverware and cars"What's the use of all that noise and money?" 三山中何太冷 山中何太冷？自古非今年；沓嶂恒凝雪，幽林每吐烟．草生芒种后，叶落立秋前；此有沈迷客，窥窥不见天． In the mountains it's cold.Always been cold, not just this year.Jagged scarps forever snowed inWoods in the dark ravines spitting mist.Grass is still sprouting at the end of June,Leaves begin to fall in early August.And here I am, high on mountains,Peering and peering, but I can't even see the sky. 四驱马度荒城 驱马度荒城，荒城动客情。高低旧雉堞，大小古坟茔。自振孤蓬影，长凝拱木声。所嗟皆俗骨，仙史更无名。 I spur my horse through the wrecked town,The wrecked town sinks my spirit.High, low, old parapet wallsBig, small, the aging tombs.I waggle my shadow, all alone;Not even the crack of a shrinking coffin is heard.I pity all those ordinary bones,In the books of the Immortals they are nameless.
五
欲得安身处 欲得安身处，寒山可长保。
微风吹幽松，近听声愈好。下有斑白人，喃喃读黄老。
十年归不得，忘却来时道。 I wanted a good place to settle:Cold Mountain would be safe.Light wind in a hidden pine -Listen close - the sound gets better.Under it a gray haired manMumbles along reading Huang and Lao.For ten years I havn't gone back homeI've even forgotten the way by which I came. 六人问寒山道 人问寒山道，寒山路不通。夏天冰未释，日出雾朦胧。似我何由届，与君心不同。君心若似我，还得到其中。 Men ask the way to Cold MountainCold Mountain: there's no through trail.In summer, ice doesn't meltThe rising sun blurs in swirling fog.How did I make it?My heart's not the same as yours.If your heart was like mineYou'd get it and be right here. 七粤自居寒山 粤自居寒山，曾经几万载。任运遁林泉，栖迟观自在。寒岩人不到，白云常爱逮。细草作卧褥，青天为被盖。快活枕石头，天地任变改。 I settled at Cold Mountain long ago,Already it seems like years and years.Freely drifting, I prowl the woods and streamsAnd linger watching things themselves.Men don't get this far into the mountains,White clouds gather and billow.Thin grass does for a mattress,The blue sky makes a good quilt.Happy with a stone under headLet heaven and earth go about their changes. 八登陟寒山道 登陟寒山道，寒山路不穷。溪长石磊磊，涧阔草蒙蒙。苔滑非闗雨，松鸣不假风。谁能超世累，共坐白云中。 Clambering up the Cold Mountain path,The Cold Mountain trail goes on and on:The long gorge choked with scree and boulders,The wide creek, the mist blurred grass.The moss is slippery, though there's been no rainThe pine sings, but there's no wind.Who can leap the world's tiesAnd sit with me among the white clouds?
九杳杳寒山道 杳杳寒山道，落落冷涧滨。啾啾常有鸟，寂寂更无人。淅淅风吹面，纷纷雪积身。朝朝不见日，岁岁不知春。 Rough and dark - the Cold Mountain trail,Sharp cobbles - the icy creek bank.Yammering, chirping - always birdsBleak, alone, not even a lone hiker.Whip, whip - the wind slaps my faceWhirled and tumbled - snow piles on my back.Morning after morning I don't see the sunYear after year, not a sign of spring. 十一向寒山坐 一向寒山坐，淹留三十年。昨来访亲友，太半入黄泉。渐减如残烛，长流似逝川。今朝对孤影，不觉泪双悬。 I have lived at Cold MountainThese thirty long years.Yesterday I called on friends and family:More than half had gone to the Yellow Springs.Slowly consumed, like fire down a candle;Forever flowing, like a passing river.Now, morning, I face my lone shadow:Suddenly my eyes are bleared with tears. 十一碧涧泉水清 碧涧泉水清，寒山月华白。默知神自明，观空境逾寂。 Spring water in the green creek is clearMoonlight on Cold Mountain is whiteSilent knowledge - the spirit is enlightened of itselfContemplate the void: this world exceeds stillness. 十二出生三十年 出生三十年，常游千万里。行*青江**草合，入塞红尘起。炼药空求仙，读书兼咏史。今日归寒山，枕流兼洗耳。 In my first thirty years of lifeI roamed hundreds and thousands of miles.Walked by rivers through deep green grassEntered cities of boiling red dust.Tried drugs, but couldn't make Immortal;Read books and wrote poems on history.Today I'm back at Cold Mountain:I'll sleep by the creek and purify my ears.
十三鸟语情不堪 鸟语情不堪，其时卧草庵。樱桃红烁烁，杨柳正毵毵。旭日衔青嶂，晴云洗绿潭。谁知出尘俗，驭上寒山南。 I can't stand these bird songsNow I'll go rest in my straw shack.The cherry flowers are scarletThe willow shoots up feathery.Morning sun drives over blue peaksBright clouds wash green ponds.Who knows that I'm out of the dusty worldClimbing the southern slope of Cold Mountain?
十四寒山多幽奇 寒山多幽奇，登者皆恒慑。月照水澄澄，风吹草猎猎。凋梅雪作花，杌木云充叶。触雨转鲜灵，非晴不可涉。 Cold Mountain has many hidden wonders,People who climb here are always getting scared.When the moon shines, water sparkles clearWhen the wind blows, grass swishes and rattles.On the bare plum, flowers of snowOn the dead stump, leaves of mist.At the touch of rain it all turns fresh and liveAt the wrong season you can't ford the creeks. 十五寒山有裸虫 寒山有裸虫，身白而头黑。手把两卷书，一道将一德。住不安釜灶，行不赍衣裓。常持智慧剑，拟破烦恼贼。 There's a naked bug at Cold MountainWith a white body and a black head.His hand holds two book scrolls,One the Way and one its Power.His shack's got no pots or oven,He goes for a long walk with his shirt and pants askew.But he always carries the sword of wisdom:He means to cut down senseless craving. 十六寒山有一宅 寒山有一宅，宅中无阑隔。六门左右通，堂中见天碧。房房虚索索，东壁打西壁。其中一物无，免被人来惜。寒到烧软火，饥来煮菜吃。不学田舍翁，广置牛庄宅。尽作地狱业，一入何曾极。好好善思量，思量知轨则。 Cold Mountain is a houseWithout beams or walls.The six doors left and right are openThe hall is sky blue.The rooms all vacant and vagueThe east wall beats on the west wallAt the center nothing.Borrowers don't bother meIn the cold I build a little fireWhen I'm hungry I boil up some greens.I've got no use for the kulakWith his big barn and pasture -He just sets up a prison for himself.Once in he can't get out.Think it over -You know it might happen to you.
十七一自遁寒山 一自遁寒山，养命餐山果。平生何所忧，此世随缘过。日月如逝川，光阴石中火。任你天地移，我畅岩中坐。 If I hide out at Cold MountainLiving off mountain plants and berries -All my lifetime, why worry?One follows his karma through.Days and months slip by like water,Time is like sparks knocked off flint.Go ahead and let the world change -I'm happy to sit among these cliffs. 十八多少天台人 多少天台人，不识寒山子。莫知真意度，唤作闲言语。 Most T'ien-t'ai menDon't know Han-shanDon't know his real thoughtAnd call it silly talk. 十九一住寒山万事休 一住寒山万事休，更无杂念挂心头。闲于石壁题诗句，任运还同不系舟。 Once at Cold Mountain, troubles cease -No more tangled, hung up mind.I idly scribble poems on the rock cliff,Taking whatever comes, like a drifting boat. 二十客难寒山子 客难寒山子，君诗无道理。吾观乎古人，贫贱不为耻。应之笑此言，谈何疏阔矣。愿君似今日，钱是急事尔。 Some critic tried to put me down -"Your poems lack the Basic Truth of Tao."And I recall the old timersWho were poor and didn't care.I have to laugh at him,He misses the point entirely,Men like thatOught to stick to making money.
二十一久住寒山凡几秋 久住寒山凡几秋，独吟歌曲绝无忧。蓬扉不掩常幽寂，泉涌甘浆长自流。石室地炉砂鼎沸，松黄柏茗乳香瓯。饥餐一粒伽陀药，心地调和倚石头。 I've lived at Cold Mountain - how many autumns.Alone, I hum a song - utterly without regretHungry, I eat one grain of Immortal medicineMind solid and sharp; leaning on a stone.
GARY SNYDER 这首译诗只译了四句. 当中四句没有译.
二十二寒山顶上月轮孤 寒山顶上月轮孤，照见晴空一物无。可贵天然无价宝，埋在五阴溺身躯。 On top of Cold Mountain the lone round moonLights the whole clear cloudless sky.Honor this priceless natural treasureConcealed in five shadows, sunk deep in the flesh. 二十三我家本住在寒山 我家本住在寒山，石岩栖息离烦缘。泯时万象无痕迹，舒处周流遍大千。光影腾辉照心地，无有一法当现前。方知摩尼一颗珠，解用无方处处圆。 My home was at Cold Mountain from the start,Rambling among the hills, far from trouble.Gone, and a million things leave no traceLoosed, and it flows through galaxiesA fountain of light, into the very mind -Not a thing, and yet it appears before me:Now I know the pearl of the Buddha natureKnow its use: a boundless perfect sphere. 二十四时人见寒山 时人见寒山，各谓是风颠。貌不起人目，身唯布裘缠。我语他不会，他语我不言。为报往来者，可来向寒山。 When men see Han-shanThey all say he's crazyAnd not much to look at -Dressed in rags and hides.They don't get what I sayAnd I don't talk their language.All I can say to those I meet:All I can say to those I meet:"Try and make it to Cold Mountain.”
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