写作经典素材大总结
第一节 写作核心词(组)
1.社会热点类population explosion人*爆口**炸 strengthen law enforcement 加强执法IPRs (intellectual property rights) 知识产权 money worship 拜金主义economic globalization 经济全球化 low-rent housing 廉租房financial crisis金融危机 prime time 黄金时段risk investment 风险投资 welfare lottery 福利彩票pay New Year call 拜年 red packet 红包preservative 防腐剂 caffeine 咖啡因decaffeinated/caffeine free 无咖啡因的 melamine三聚氰胺pose no health risk 对身体无害 pesticide residue 农药残留take a toll on health 对人体有害 baby formulas 婴儿配方奶粉be past its sell-by date (食品)过期 outdated items of food 过期食品substandard milk powder 毒奶粉 cancer-causing chemical 致癌化学物cancer-causing toxins 致癌物质 high-temperature cooking 高温煮食backwardness落后 notorious声名狼藉的,臭名昭著的communicable/infectious disease传染病 death toll 死亡人数population aging人口老龄化 anti-poverty program脱贫计划people's livelihoods 民生 health concern/issue 健康问题health care保健 low-income household 低收入家庭patient-doctor disputes 医患纠纷 public infrastructure公用基础设施housing problem 住房问题 social security system 社会保障体系social stability社会稳定 public/civil servant 公务员refuse to take passengers 拒载 traffic jam交通堵塞light rail train 轻轨火车 the cost of living index 生活物价指数regional disparity 地区差异 road toll 养路费,道路收费expand domestic demand扩大内需 sustainable development 可持续发展restructure government institution重新建构政府机构lighten the burden on the peasants/farmers 减轻农民负担counterfeit and substandard goods 假冒伪劣商品coordinate and control food safety监控食品安全carry forward the fine traditions 发扬优良传统cast/shake/throw off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity脱贫致富combat corruption and build a clean government 反腐倡廉recreational activities using public funds公款吃喝comply with international standards符合国际标准promote cultural and ideological progress 推动精神文明建设
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the hardworking and enterprising spirit 艰苦创业的精神the system of public services 国家公务员制度people of all nationalities/all ethnic groups 各族人民polarization of the rich and the poor贫富悬殊expansion of the gap between the poor and the rich贫富分化的扩大poverty reduction and elimination 扶贫脱贫provide relief to disaster-stricken areas/people 支援灾区/灾民transport during the Spring Festival 春运overseas-funded enterprises 外资企业attach importance to the aging problem 重视老龄化问题city's landscaping plan/urban planning城市规划
2.文化交流类local culture 本土文化 mass culture 大众文化mainstream culture主流文化 oriental culture 东方文化exotic cultural 异域文化 paper-cut culture 剪纸文化alien culture 外来文化 cultural diversity 文化多元化multicultural society 多元文化社会 cultural diplomacy 文化外交cultural treasures 文化宝藏 cultural traditions 文化传统cultural icon 文化偶像 cultural transmission 文化传播cultural shock 文化冲击 cultural conflict 文化冲突cultural atmosphere 文化氛围 cultural heritage 文化遗产cultural integration 文化融合 cultural insights 文化视角cultural needs 文化需求 national publicity film 国家宣传片cultural deposits 文化底蕴 brain drain 人才外流intellectual circulation 人才流动 academic activity 学术活动bilateral cooperation 双边合作 cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流direct contact 直接接触 cultural background 文化背景moral values 道德价值 spiritual wealth 精神财富merge into 合并 Chinese Culture Week 中国文化周simple ethnic customs 淳朴民族风情 Confucius Institute 孔子学院spiritual civilization 精神文明 cradle of culture 文化摇篮artistic taste 艺术鉴赏力 arts and crafts 工艺美术cross talk 相声 culture industry 文化产业corporate culture 企业文化 performing art 表演艺术cultural feast 文化盛宴 the co-existence of multi-culture多元文化并存cultural information technology system 文化信息技术系统
3.成长教育类college equivalency大学同等学历 degree 学位educational background 学历;教育背景 educational innovation 教育革新diploma 毕业文凭 degree certificate学位证书master degree 硕士学位 doctoral degree/Ph.D degree博士学位post-doctoral 博士后 Ph.D candidate 博士生
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suspend classes 停课 generation gap 代沟intercultural exchange 跨文化交流 life-long learning 终身学习tuition学费 investment in education 教育投入the craze for graduate school 考研热 junior college 大专learning environment 学习环境 practical skills 实用技能prestigious school 名校 quality-oriented education 素质教育scholarship 奖学金 tap one's potential 激发潜能teaching facilities 教学设施 associate professor 副教授academic performance 学习成绩 cramming method of teaching填鸭式教学adult education 成人教育 broaden one's outlook 开阔眼界compulsory education 义务教育 continuing education 继续教育dropout 辍学 school dropout/leaver 辍/失学青少年self-discipline 自我约束 self-training 自我训练discipline 学科 dining hall 食堂compulsory course 必修课 elective course 选修课top student 优秀学生 graduation design 毕业设计guidelines for education 教育方针 credit 学分;学习单元study load学习负担 alleviate the burden on students 学生减负credit hours 学时 enthusiasm in learning English学英语热exam-oriented education 应试教育 qualifying examination 资格考试psychological guidance 心理辅导 puppy love 早恋superstition 迷信 teaching facilities 教学设施work-study program 勤工俭学 on-job training course在职进修班board expenses 伙食费 knowledgeable博学的versatile多才多艺的 high-pressure压力大的obtain the first-grade scholarship获得一等奖学金a grant-aided student 一位领取助学金的学生inequality in educational opportunity教育机会不平衡teach students according to their aptitude因材施教become educated through independent study 自学成才political and ideological education 思想政治教育
4.品格修养类dedicated 献身的;专心致志的 dependable 可靠的;可信赖的diplomatic 得体的;策略的 disciplined 守纪律的dutiful 尽职的;恭敬的 intelligent 有才智的;理解力强的learned 博学的 logical 按照逻辑的;合乎情理的methodical 有条理的 modest 谦虚的rational 理性的 realistic 实事求是的reasonable明智的 reliable 可信赖的;可依靠的responsible 负责的 objective 客观的precise 一丝不苟的;细致的 punctual 守时的;按时的;准时的liberal 心胸宽大的;开明的 loyal 忠诚的;忠实的well-educated 受过良好教育的 efficient 有效率的
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energetic 精力充沛的 expressive 善于表达的faithful 忠诚的;可信任的 frank 直率的,真诚的sensible 明白事理的 steady 沉稳的;可靠的purposeful 意志坚强的 sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 温和的;心平气和的 tireless 精力充沛的ambitious雄心勃勃的,充满抱负的 capable有能力的brilliant有才华的;聪颖的 considerate体贴的,善解人意的creative有创造力的 eminent 杰出的;著名的graceful优雅的 honorable可敬的ideal完美的;理想的 influential有影响力的evil邪恶的 greedy贪婪的idle懒散的;懈怠的 irresponsible不负责任的immoral不道德的;邪恶的 rude粗鲁的;无礼的selfish自私的 shallow肤浅的sly狡猾的;诡诈的 a sense of inferiority 自卑感simple and candid 胸无城府 respect the old and care the young 尊老爱幼
5.人际关系类confidante知己,密友 intimate至交;知己mentor导师;顾问 superior/boss上司/老板partner搭档 couple夫妻,情侣companion同伴 pen pal笔友bosom friend 知心朋友 family virtues 家庭美德support the elderly 赡养老人 maltreat 虐待elder abuse 虐待老人 filial obedience 孝顺mutual understanding 相互理解 harmonious 和谐的a lasting love 永恒的爱 generation gap 代沟admire 欣赏,赞美 affection喜欢cold-shoulder 嫌弃,冷落 affectionate 亲切的;表示关爱的offensive冒犯的,无理的 antipathy 厌恶;反感appreciate 感激 despise 鄙视;蔑视disappointed 沮丧的;失意的 envious 羡慕的;忌妒的esteem 尊重,敬仰 express 抒发感情favorable impression 好感 grievous 令人伤心的;使人痛苦的impatient 急于;不耐烦的 indifferent 漠不关心的indulge 沉溺,纵容 spoil 溺爱suppress 抑制情感 zeal 热情;激情treasure 珍惜,珍爱 lonely and helpless 孤独无助stand on one's own 独立自主 a nose of wax 没有主见的人nourish one's parents in his old age 养老 independent and competitive 独立要强shift the blame onto others 推卸责任live off one's parents无独立能力,吃用全靠父母complicated interpersonal relationship人际关系复杂reunification with one's family and relatives 亲人团聚
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6.环保旅游类poaching非法打猎,盗猎 rare breed稀有物种emission rights 排放权 recycle bin 回收箱plastic bag ban 限塑令 low-carbon economy 低碳经济greenhouse gases 温室气体 greenhouse gas emission 温室气体排放clean energy 清洁能源 afforested areas 绿化面积air pollution concentration 空气污染浓度 conserve natural habitats 保护生存环境organic pollutants 有机污染物 destruction of forests森林的破坏rate of deforestation森林砍伐率 farmland erosion/losses耕地流失water and soil erosion 水土流失 conservation of water and soil 水土保持curb environmental pollution 治理环境污染 desertification 沙漠化develop renewable resources 开发可再生资源 disruption of ecological balance 生态失衡biodiversity生物多样性 endangered wildlife 濒危野生动物environmental degradation 环境恶化 environment-friendly agriculture 生态农业environment-friendly products 环保产品 greenhouse effect 温室效应industrial solid wastes 工业固体废物 motor vehicle exhaust 汽车尾气排放non-renewable resources 不可再生资源 shortage of fresh water 淡水资源紧缺white pollution 白色污染 disposable chopsticks 一次性筷子sea water desalinization 海水淡化 forest coverage 森林覆盖率hazy weather 雾霾天气 acid rain 酸雨ozone layer 臭氧层 climate change气候变化climate variability气候多变性 global warming 全球气候变暖drinking water 饮用水 drought 干旱conservation节约 environmental awareness 环保意识marine life海洋生物 landscape 风景places of interest 名胜古迹 road sign 路标scenic spots 风景区 sight-seeing 观光souvenir 纪念品 summer resort 避暑胜地tourism wave 旅游热 waterfall 瀑布traveling schedule 旅行日程 tourist attraction 旅游胜地Terra Cotta Warriors 兵马俑 the Forbidden City 故宫natural reserve 自然保护区 natural scenery 自然风光guide book 旅游指南 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Low-Carbon Economy(LCE)低碳经济 Low-Carbon Life 低碳生活Low-Carbon Tour 低碳旅游 ecosystem 生态系统industrial fumes 工业烟尘 environmental impact 环境影响environmental indicators 环境指标 environmental policy 环境政策destruction of natural habitats 自然栖息地的破坏preserve the ecological environment 保护生态环境garbage classification/waste separation 废弃物分类
7.永恒哲理类pull yourself together振作起来 keep your chin up别灰心
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acquire 取得,获得 coach 指导训练appreciation 欣赏 ingenuity/creativity 创造力,灵活性innocence 无辜,清白 prestige 威望;声望;威信reputation/fame 名声,名誉 perseverance 毅力;韧性persistence 坚持;锲而不舍 integrity/honesty 正直,诚实conscience 良心,良知 morality 道德观values价值观 admiration/adoration 崇拜,敬爱aspiration/desire/longing渴望 ambition 抱负,理想,野心generosity 慷慨,大方 reward 回报prudence/carefulness/caution 谨慎 accomplish 实现,完成setback 挫败 surmount 克服;解决reverse the trend 扭转局势 defeat 击败blunder 犯错误 arrogant 骄傲自满的faith 信仰 honesty/sincerity/cordiality 诚挚hospitality 热情好客 friendliness/amity 友好credit/trust/credibility 信任 diligence/industry/hard work勤奋courage/bravery 勇气,勇敢 cooperation/collaboration 合作solidarity/unity 团结 sympathy/compassion/pity 同情dignity/self-respect/self-esteem/reverence 尊严,自尊,高贵courtesy/manner/politeness/humility谦卑,礼貌mercy/beneficence/goodness/kindness仁慈,善良
8.网络科技类information era/age 信息时代 log in/on 登入log out 登出 server服务器surf online/surf the net网上冲浪 cyberword 网络用语MicroBlog 微博 online game 网游Internet addiction 网瘾 cybercrime 网络犯罪online shop 网店 number of hits 点击量video blog 视频博客 domain name 域名cyberspace 网络空间 blogger 博主virtual memory 虚拟内存 webmaster 版主Cyber City 网络城市 front-line sciences 前沿科学go offline 掉线 cyber language 网络语言online shopping 网上购物 technological advancement 技术进步digital communication 数字通讯 artificial intelligence 人工智能data processing 数据处理 electronic business(e-business)电子商务online trading platform 网上交易平台 Internet-based education 在线教学public figure 公众人物 cyber economy 网络经济keep up with the change 与时俱进 misleading 误导性的keep sb. informed about 使某人了解…… prevalent 普遍的;流行的invade one's privacy 侵扰他人隐私 information explosion 信息爆炸net friend 网友 dedicated line 专用线路download *载下** update更新
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Internet worm/virus 电脑病毒 antivirus抗病毒软件infected computers被感染的计算机 Internet real-name system网络实名制
9.职场现象类business background 工作经历 position/job title 职位interview etiquette 面试礼仪 job attitude 求职心态comprehensive abilities 综合能力 responsibility 职责second job 第二职业 achievement 成就;成绩;功绩administer 管理 assist 辅助adapt to 适应于 accomplish 完成(任务等)appoint任命;委任 adept in 善于analyze 分析 authorize批准;授权behave 表现 break the record 打破记录control 控制 breakthrough 重大进展;突破conduct 经营,管理 cost 成本;费用labor fair 招聘会 trained personnel/talent 人才public reserved fund 公积金 public institution 事业单位rate of unemployment 失业率 human resources 人力资源personal specialty 个人特长 overtime pay 加班费cash award 奖金 paid vacation 带薪假期pay rise加薪 client 客户deserved reward应得的报酬 according to Labor Law 根据劳动法cut/save the costs 节约成本 contact the clients 联系客户extraverted 外向的 introverted 内向的lively and cheerful 活泼开朗的 liberal arts 人文科学study abroad 留学 science degree 理科文凭part-time job 兼职 perceptual thinking 感性思维rational thinking 理性思维 personal fascination 个人魅力achieve one's ideal 实现理想 look forward to the future 展望未来believe in oneself 自信 modesty 谦虚be self-important 妄自尊大 talent flow 人才流动talent market 人才市场 take up an occupation 就业welfare 福利 bonus 奖金medical treatment 医疗 industrial accident 工伤事故occupational disease 职业病 laid-off workers下岗工人the jobless 失业者 reemployment service center再就业服务中心general manager 总经理 skilled worker 技术工人office worker 办公室人员 sophisticated operators 熟练操作工new staff 新职员 advanced worker 先进工作者working model 劳动模范 excellent Party member 优秀*党**员excellent League member 优秀团员serve the company wholeheartedly全心全意为公司服务create an advertising campaign 策划一个广告活动pre-employment and on-the-job training就业前和在岗培训
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underestimate one's own capabilities妄自菲薄
10.数据变化类figures/statistics 数据 percentage 百分比proportion 比例 occupy/take up/account for/gain 占by contrast/compared with相比 likewise 同样地;也bottom/rock bottom 最低点 mean/average平均tendency/trend趋势 prediction预见mount to达到顶峰 significant有重大意义的;显著的sharp急剧的;骤然的;清晰的 steep 急剧的;突然的steady 稳步的;持续的;匀速的 gradual 渐进的,逐渐的slow缓慢的;迟缓的;耗时的 slight轻微的,略微的stable稳定的;稳固的 significant changes 显著变化noticeable trend 明显趋势 during the same period 在同一时期distribute 分布,区别 unequally 不相等地in contrast/on the contrary 相反 in terms of/in respect of/regarding 在……方面increase/rise/ascend/go up/climb/mount/level up 上升decrease/fall/drop/descend/decline/reduce/lessen/level down 下降stable/steady/remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to平稳fluctuate/fluctuation/rise and fall/up and down波动the highest/the top/the summit/the peak/the most 最高点consist of/be made up of/be composed of 由……组成rapid/rapidly迅速的(地),飞快的(地),险峻的(地)dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的(地),生动的 (地)
第二节 写作经典句式
1.描述图画的句式○1 As is vividly illustrated in the cartoon above…
正如上图所生动阐述的那样……
○2 As is truly(vividly)demonstrated(betrayed/depicted)in the photo(drawing)above…正如上图所真实(生动)展现(描述)的那样……
○3 The cartoon vividly illustrates…这幅图画生动地阐述了……
○4 The purpose of the drawing is to show us that…这幅图画是为了向我们展示……
○5 As can be seen from the drawings…正如从图中所看到的那样……
○6 A heart-breaking scene is witnessed by the photographer of this picture…这张图片的摄影师见证了一个令人心碎的场面……
○7 Amiserable picture unfolds before our eyes…在我们眼前展开了一幅不幸的画面……
○8 What an ironic cartoon it is!这是一幅多么有讽刺意味的图画啊!
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○9 Under the picture, there is a thought-provoking sentence…图片下面有一句发人深省的话……
○10 The two pictures above describe a story which we would never wish to encounter. In the firstone…In the second picture…上面的两幅图片描述了一个故事,其中的场景是我们最不愿碰到的。第一幅……第二
幅……
○11 This picture inevitably invites a series of questions…这幅图不可避免地提出了一系列问题……
○12 These data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that…这些数据令我们得出结论……
○13 Over the period from…to…, the…remained level.在……至……期间,……基本不变。
○14 The number of…remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year).……(月/年)至……(月/年)……的数量基本不变。
○15 The percentage of…is slightly larger (smaller) than that of………的比例比……的比例略高(低)。
○16 …(year) witnessed/saw a sharp rise in………(年)见证了……的急剧上升。
2.揭示主题句式○1 The intended meaning of the photo is pressing and far-reaching: …
这幅图片的寓意迫切而深远……
○2 This picture demonstrates one of the basic theories of philosophy: …这幅图片展现了一个基本的哲学理论:……
○3 Such an image draws our attention to the fact that…这样一种景象引起了我们对……的关注。
○4 The pictures serve to remind us of…这几幅图片使我们想起了……
○5 Looking at the picture, we can't help thinking of the more and more serious phenomenon of…看着这幅图片,我们不禁想到越来越严重的……现象。
○6 What the picture conveys is that…图片想传达的是……
○7 Simple as the picture is, it conveys a life philosophy: …尽管图画很简单,但其蕴含着一个生活哲理:……
○8 The purpose of the cartoonist is to show us that…图画作者的目的是要告诉我们……
○9 It goes without saying that the cartoonist intends to reveal a strange, yet familiarphenomenon: …毫无疑问,漫画的作者旨在揭示一个奇怪却又常见的现象:……
○10 It is commonly believed that the rise in…is the inevitable result of economic development.人们普遍认为……的增长是经济发展的必然结果。
○11 One of the universal (pressing/burning/urgent) problems/issues confronting us is that…我们面临的其中一个全球性的(迫在眉睫的)问题是……
○12 With the fantastic spur both in industry and in economy in China, the number of…is on the
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rise.随着中国工业与经济的迅猛发展,……的数目不断上升。
○13 We often find ourselves caught/involved in a dilemma whether we should reach for the bear'spaw or for the shark's fin…我们常常发现自己陷入一个进退维谷的境地:是取熊掌还是鱼翅……
○14 Recently the problem (conflict) has become the focus of the public.最近,这个问题(冲突)成了公众关注的焦点。
○15 There is a public (general/heated/impassioned/vehement) debate (discussion/controversy)today as to (concerning) the issue (problem) of…Those who criticize (oppose/objectto) …contend (argue) that…They believe that…But people who advocate (favor), on the otherhand, maintain (assert) that…当前,人们就……事(问题)展开了广泛的(热烈的/激烈的)讨论(争论)。批评(反对)的人辩称……,他们认为……。然而,支持者却认为……
○16 There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the role of…Some people claim that…,while others believe that…关于……的作用,人们没有一致意见。一些人声称……,而另一些人认为……
○17 When asked about (it comes to)…, many people argue/believe that…, but other peopleconsider differently.当问(谈)及……,许多人认为……,但另一些人有不同的想法。
○18 Some people place more stress on the former while others attach heavier weight to the latter. Ifasked to make a choice between the two, I would not hesitate to choose the latter over theformer for several sound reasons.一些人认为前者更重要,而另外一些人却重视后者。如果要我在两者之间选择的话,因
为这几条充分的理由,我会毫不犹豫选择后者。
3.过渡句式○1 This is not an uncommon scene in our life…
这幅图片所描述的情形在我们的生活中很普遍……
○2 What the picture above intends to convey is a typical example.上面图画想传达的是一个典型的事例。
○3 There is no denying that…不可否认的是……
○4 It is probably no exaggeration to say that…大概可以毫不夸张地说……
○5 There is considerable (strong) evidence in favor of (to show that)…有相当多的(有力的)证据支持(显示)……
○6 There are numerous reasons why…, and I would explore only a few of the most importantones here.有很多理由可以解释为什么……,在此我仅仅探讨其中最重要的几条。
○7 The social and economic advances, the quickening of living tempo and the ever increasinglyfierce competition are deemed as the main contribution to…社会经济的进步、生活节奏的加快和日益激烈的竞争对……起了重要作用。
○8 Nowadays, it is generally (widely/commonly/prevalently) held/accepted/assumed that…如今,一般(广泛/普遍)认为的是……
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○9 At first thought, it may seem to be an attractive idea, but it doesn't bear closer analysis. Wefind…一开始看,这好像是一个具有吸引力的观点,但它经不起更深入的分析。我们发现……
○10 On the surface, it seems to be a sound solution, but when carefully weighed in the mind, wefind that…表面上看,这好像是一个合理的解决办法,但仔细想想,我们发现……
4.总结句式○1 Judging from all evidence offered, we may reasonably come to/draw the conclusion that…
从所提供的证据来看,我们可以得出以下结论:……
○2 From the above comparison and contrast, anyone can safely conclude that…根据以上的比较,任何人都可以得出这样的结论:……
○3 From what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at (draw/come to/reach) theconclusion that…从以上所讨论的来看,我们可以得出以下结论……
○4 For the reasons presented above, I strongly stick to the notion that…根据上述理由,我坚持的观点是……
○5 Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the moral that…全盘考虑所有的因素,我们可以得出这样的教训:……
○6 All the evidence supports an unmistakable conclusion that…所有的证据证明了一个千真万确的结论:……
○7 Given the factors I have outlined, I believe that…通过我所简述的这些因素,我相信……
○8 To conclude my essay, I would like to quote an old saying "…"我想引用一句古语"……"来结束我的文章。
○9 It is (high) time that we placed great emphasis on the development of…我们(早)该把重点放在……的发展上了。
○10 There is little doubt (no denying) that further attention must be paid to the problem of…毫无疑问,关于……的问题必须受到进一步的关注。
○11 It is (high) time we put an end to the undesirable phenomenon of…我们(早)该结束……这种不良现象了。
○12 It is urgent/important that appropriate/effective measures be taken to end/correct…采取适当的/有效的方法去消除/纠正……是刻不容缓/非常重要的
○13 Judging from the examples given above, we may safely come to the conclusion that…从以上例子可以判断,我们能切实地得出结论:……
○14 From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that…综上所述,我们可以得出结论:……
○15 Just as the old saying goes, look before you leap, so I suggest that we should think twicebefore doing…, especially when…就像俗语所说,三思而后行,因此我建议在做……之前,我们一定要好好思考,尤其是
当……的时候。
○16 Both the government and ordinary citizens should join hands to make this world a better placeto live in, not only for ourselves, but also for our future generations.政府和普通公民应该联合起来,使这个世界变成更美好的家园,这不仅仅是为了我们,
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更是为了我们的后代。
○17 Hence, to end this thorny situation, apart from means that we usually think of…, measures,like…, can also be good alternatives.因此,为了结束这一棘手的局面,除了我们通常能想到的……等措施以外,像……等措
施也是非常不错的选择。
第三节 写作段落速成
近年来,四六级写作考查的重点主要是图画作文,而图画作文的题目要求一般都包括三
部分:1.描写图片;2.揭示图片寓意;3.发表自己的见解或举例说明主旨。根据要求,我们可相应地将其处理为三段:第一段描述图片,为下文揭示寓意提供基础;第二段揭示图片主
旨,提出论点并论证;第三段总结。
一、起始段
首先,我们来看图画作文的第一段如何入手。细心的考生可发现,图画作文的出现是为
了某种现象服务的,这样的题材多是议论文,在该文体写作中第一段相当于引入段。具体描
述时,考生会对图画作文心生困惑,无处着手:1.不知所云,抓不住图画的主要内容;2.对描述方法和句式均不熟悉,即使看懂了寓意,也不知如何描述;3.对图画中的事物无法用对应的英语表达出来。基于此,我们给考生提供可参照的结构:
图画作文开头段详细结构。第一句用一句话概述图片信息。第二句根据图片提供的人物
形象或事物进行细节描绘。第三句图片要点说明或点评。需要说明的是,考生可在第一段的
最后一句直接点明题旨,也可在第二段首句点明题旨。
考生在通晓整个写作框架后,最难掌握的恐怕是对人物形象或者图片信息的描写了。无
论采用哪种方法,一定要注意图片描述是为下文论述主旨服务的,因此你写的每一句话都需
与下文论点紧密相关。历年四六级作文试题的图片描述都是有章可循的,因此,我们给出以
下方法供大家学习:
1.描述单一主体时,可按照空间顺序(从左到右或从上到下),从人物的动作和状态这两方面来描写。
2.描述多个主体时,需找出多个主体之间的共性。对体现共性的细节进行描写,多个主体动作类似时可合并描写。
3.若是描述表示对比的两个或多个主体时,需找出主要事物之间的差异,简要合并描写类似行为。
二、主旨段
四六级写作多遵循三段式的写作模式,每段都有主题句、扩展句和结论句。主题句通常
放在开头,这是学生们经常使用的方法,也是对中国学生最行之有效的方法。使用这种方法
的好处在于学生能够较好地把握全文的结构,有助于确定段落的主线,使各个支撑句围绕段
落主题自然展开,保证段落的一致性与连贯性。这种模式考生更容易把握,也不容易跑题,
更容易领略全文的主旨。
考生需注意的是,段落主题句不能写得太笼统,也不能涉及面太窄。一个段落的容量是
有限的,如果主题句限定范围太宽,其内容就无法在一个段落中阐述清楚。如果限定范围太
窄,又不利于段落的发展。段落主题句所限定的内容必须符合段落写作的目的,有利于段落
的铺开和抒发。
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就图画作文而言,主旨段就是针对图片主旨进行论述,一般采用"主题句+支撑句"的段落构成方式。如果在第一段末尾句已经点明了题旨,那么可在主旨段的首句重申该论点或
者简单表明自己的看法,然后直接进入支撑句的描述。
据此,我们可得出详细结构:
主旨段详细结构。第一句提炼图片主旨,形成主题句。第二句支撑句 1。第三句写一句话来解释、支持第一个支撑句。第四句支撑句 2。第五句写一句话来解释、支持第二个支撑句。第六句结论句(如果谈到第三个支撑句且提供了非常合理的说明,结论句可省略)。
下面我们分别阐述主题句和支撑句具体怎么写:
(一)主题句的具体写作方式
1.可通过描述图画主旨来表达作者的思想,一句话为宜。2.可采用由浅入深的方式分析得出主题句,两句话为宜。同时应注意,主题句应有展开的空间,不宜太具体。
(二)支撑句的具体写作方式
考研作文话题无非是"热点现象"和"人生哲理"两大类。其中,"热点现象"又包括
对该现象的完全褒扬、对该现象的完全批判、对该现象的理性评价(既褒扬又批判)等几种
情况。据此,主旨段应包括:
1.若话题为完全褒扬或体现人生哲理时,需围绕该话题所具有的社会意义或价值展开论述,体现出推理性,可采用正反论证、举例论证、类比论证及因果论证等;
2.若话题倾向于完全批判时,则以话题所反映的问题为主,需讨论问题的表现、影响及原因等等。采用数字论证、道理论证、举例论证或因果论证来完成;
3.若话题表示既褒扬又批判时,则上述两个方面均要提及,采用举例或因果论证。该部分以四至五句话为宜。
三、结尾段
第三段是文章的结尾段,该段一般要求考生给出自己对某一事件或现象的评论,此时考
生需关注两点:1.对于问题的解决;2.对于未来趋势的预测。但有时候也会要求考生在该段进行举例说明,这就需要考生看清题目要求,避免跑题。接下来将分别对上述两种情形作以
说明。
第一种:题目要求给出评论
第一句可顺接主旨段,对主旨段进行点评;也可直接进入评论。其后的几句中,如话题
是完全褒扬型,可先总结,然后给出建议;如话题是完全批判型,则先总结,然后反问强化,
随之给出建议;也可先总结,接着给出几点建议,一般可从政府和个人两方面入手;如若既
褒扬又批判,则可用两句进行总结,最后一句对批判处给出建议。
第二种:题目要求举例说明
第一句可直接开始举例说明,然后给出具体的细节予以支撑,最后总结评析。
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