在海外问答网站上，印度网友问：印度努力了这么多年怎么还是个发展中国家？这一问题引起各国网友的围观，我们看看他们的观点。
问题：印度怎么还是个发展中国家？
印度网友Danish Varshney的回答
India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world, but it is still underdeveloped. Compared with developed countries, the quality of economic growth is inferior to that of developed countries, and the international status of these countries is much better than that of India. Developed countries, industrialized countries or "economically more developed countries" (MEDC) are sovereign countries. Compared with other countries with low degree of industrialization, they have highly developed economies and advanced technological infrastructure. Therefore, there are many reasons behind India's lack of development standards.
印度是世界上发展最快的国家之一，但还不发达，与发达国家相比，经济增长质量不如发达国家，而且这些国家的国际地位比印度优越得多。发达国家、工业化国家或“经济较发达国家”（MEDC）一般是一个主权国家，与其他工业化程度较低的国家相比，它拥有高度发达的经济和先进的技术基础设施。因此，印度缺乏发展标准背后有很多原因。
China has many problems that hinder India from becoming a developed country. First of all, I would like to introduce a factor, which shows whether the country is developed or not, and if so, what is its status in the world. It is called "HDI".
我国有许多问题阻碍着印度成为一个发达国家。首先，我要介绍一个因素，这个因素说明这个国家是否发达，如果发达，那么它在世界上的地位如何。它被称为“HDI”。
"The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comprehensive statistical data of life expectancy, education and per capita income indicators, which is used to divide countries into four levels of human development."
“人类发展指数（HDI）是预期寿命、教育和人均收入指标的综合统计数据，用于将各国划分为四个人类发展等级。”
India ranks lower in the Human Development Index (HDI), but due to the increase in life expectancy and per capita income, India has risen five grades to 130th in the latest UNDP report. India's human development index is 0.609, which is lower than the average of 0.630 in medium human development countries. Norway ranks high in the list of highly developed countries in the world on the Human Development Index (HDI), with the highest score of 0.944. Norway is the fourth country in the world in terms of per capita GDP (PPP), with a per capita GDP of US $55398. The country's life expectancy is very high, with 80 years for men and 84 years for women.
印度在人类发展指数（HDI）中排名较低，但由于预期寿命和人均收入的增加，在最新的开发计划署报告中，印度排名上升了五个档次，达到第130位。印度的人类发展指数为0.609，低于中等人类发展国家的平均值0.630。挪威在人类发展指数（HDI）的世界高度发达国家名单中排名靠前，最高得分为0.944。挪威是世界上人均GDP（PPP）排名第四的国家，人均GDP为55398美元，该国的预期寿命很高，男性为80岁，女性为84岁。
Therefore, compared with developed countries, India is still very poor at these four levels. The reasons are as follows:
因此，与发达国家相比，印度在这四个层次上仍然很差。原因如下：
1. Low life expectancy: India's life expectancy ranking is:
1.预期寿命低：印度的预期寿命排名为：
1. Ranking of men and women: 125
1.男女综合排名：125
2. Female ranking: 128
2.女性排名：128
3. Male ranking: 115
3.男性排名：115
4. Adjusted life expectancy of men and women: 126
4.男女健康调整后的预期寿命排名：126
This shows that India's ranking in statistics related to life expectancy is still very low. Life expectancy at birth here is 68 years old,. The survival rate of 65 year old women is 63.9%, and that of men is 66.1%. On average, 170000 people die of HIV/AIDS every year. Therefore, India must make more efforts on this issue. The reasons for the shortening of life expectancy are:-
这表明，在与预期寿命相关的统计数字方面，印度的排名仍然很低。这里出生时的预期寿命为68岁，。65岁的女性生存率为63.9%，男性生存率为66.1%，平均每年有170000人死于艾滋病毒/艾滋病。因此，印度必须为这个问题付出更多努力。预期寿命缩短的原因有：-
1. Malnutrition;
1.营养不良；
2. High infant mortality;
2.婴儿死亡率高；
3. Low literacy rate;
3.识字率低；
4. The death toll of traffic accidents is high (compared with developed countries).
4.交通事故死亡人数高（与发达国家相比）。
2. Illiteracy and brain drain: India is very deficient in education. Compared with the education of various Indian states, we can conclude that Kerala ranks the first in literacy rate. The most sad thing is that the poverty standards of Bihar, Jakand, J&K and UP are very low. Parents below the poverty line do not know the value of education. They sent their children to work to get daily wages. This is why people are easily deceived by others.
2.文盲和人才流失：印度在教育方面非常匮乏。与印度各邦的教育相比，我们可以得出结论，喀拉拉邦的识字率排名第一，最可悲的是，比哈尔邦、贾坎德邦、J&K邦和UP邦的贫困标准非常低。贫困线以下的父母不知道教育的价值。他们把孩子送去工作以获得每日工资。这就是为什么人们很容易被其他人欺骗的原因。
The second thing is that the Indian people mainly use the resources from India to obtain a lot of wealth, and then finally settle in foreign countries. This is a good way for the development of that country, and it is also a major shortcoming of our country. The brain drain usually has a key impact on the development of our country. We can also see that the view of people who settle in other countries and work for other countries is correct.
第二件事是，印度人民主要利用来自印度的资源获取大量财富，然后最终在外国定居。这对移民国家的发展有很大的好处，也是我们国家的一个主要劣势。流失的人才通常是对我们国家发展具有关键影响的，我们也可以看出，在其他国家定居并为其他国家工作的人的观点是正确的。
The reason for brain drain may be political or any other problem. This is a serious problem in India, which is why a person chooses to show his ability abroad. Another view is that India's brain is the most powerful brain in the world. The reason for restricting China's development is that India's brain has not been properly recognized, or that India's brain has not been properly used by the right people at the right time.
人才流失的原因可能是政治问题或就业环境和任何问题。这在印度是一个严重的问题，这也是为什么一个人选择去国外展示他能力的原因。还有一种观点认为，印度的大脑是世界上最强大的大脑。限制我国发展的原因是，印度的大脑没有得到适当的承认，或者印度的大脑在适当的时候没有被适当的人适当地使用。
3. Politics and corruption: corruption has become the biggest problem. India ranks high on corruption. This can prove how bad the situation in India is. There are many people who are corrupt. In terms of corruption, India ranks in the top 10. But now, the "de monetization" policy is trying to expose these corrupt people and politicians, and this measure taken to solve the problem of corruption in China is also difficult because of this shameless politics.
3.政治与腐败：腐败现在已成为最大的问题。印度在腐败问题上排名靠前。这可以证明印度的情况是多么糟糕。有很多人在腐败。在腐败方面，印度排名前十。但现在，“去货币化”政策正试图揭露这些腐败的人和政客，而这一为解决我国腐败问题而采取的举措也因这种无耻的政治而举步维艰。
The politicians carried out the policy of divide and rule set by the British people. To speak of the Indian people, they have been divided by language, religion and even actors. People will fight with each other, and politics will enjoy it.
政客们实行英国人民制定的分而治之政策。要说印度人民，他们已经因为语言、宗教甚至演员而分裂了。人们也会相互争斗，政治也会乐此不疲。
4. Population growth: Today, India is home to more than 1 billion people. By 2025, China will surpass China to become the most populous country in the world. Experts believe that India will reach 1.8 billion before population growth begins to decrease.
4.人口增长：今天，印度是超过10亿人口的家园。到2025年，中国将超过中国成为世界上人口最多的国家。专家认为，在人口增长开始减少之前，印度将达到18亿。
The two main common causes of India's overpopulation are:
导致印度人口过多的两个主要常见原因是：
• The birth rate is still higher than the death rate. We have successfully reduced the death rate, but the birth rate cannot.
•出生率仍然高于死亡率。我们已经成功地降低了死亡率，但出生率却不能如此。
• Due to population policies and other measures, the fertility rate has been declining, but even so, compared with other countries, the fertility rate is much higher.
•由于人口政策和其他措施，生育率一直在下降，但即使如此，与其他国家相比，生育率也要高得多。
The above reasons are related to various social problems that lead to overpopulation in China.
上述原因与我国导致人口过剩的各种社会问题有关。
• Early marriage and universal marriage system: Although the legal age of marriage for girls is 18 years old, the concept of early marriage is still prevalent, and young marriage will prolong the reproductive age. In addition, in India, marriage is a sacred obligation and a common custom. Almost every woman marries at reproductive age.
•早婚和普遍婚姻制度：尽管在法律上女孩的适婚年龄为18岁，但早婚的观念仍然盛行，年轻结婚会延长生育年龄。此外，在印度，婚姻是一项神圣的义务，也是一种普遍的习俗，几乎每个妇女都在生育年龄结婚。
• Poverty and illiteracy: Another factor of rapid population growth is poverty. Poor families have the idea that the more family members, the more people earn income. Some people feel that they need more children to take care of their old age. Hunger may also cause their children to die, so more children are needed. Strange but true, Indians still lag behind in the use of contraceptives and birth control methods. Many of them are unwilling to discuss or completely unaware of these issues. Therefore, illiteracy is another cause of overpopulation.
•贫困和文盲：人口快速增长的另一个因素是贫困。贫困家庭有这样一种观念，即家庭成员越多，赚取收入的人数就越多。有些人觉得需要更多的孩子来照顾他们的晚年。饥饿也可能导致他们的孩子死亡，因此需要更多的孩子。奇怪但真实的是，印度人仍然落后于避孕药具和节育方法的使用。他们中的许多人不愿意讨论或完全不知道这些问题。因此，文盲是人口过剩的另一个原因。
• Ancient cultural customs: In India, sons are the source of family livelihood. This old idea has brought great pressure on parents to have children before the birth of boys. The more the better.
•古老的文化习俗：在印度，儿子是家庭的生计来源。这种古老的思想给父母带来了巨大的压力，让他们在男孩出生之前生育孩子，越多越好。
• Illegal immigration: Last but not least, we cannot ignore the fact that illegal immigration continues to occur in Bangladesh and other countries, resulting in an increase in population density.
•非法移民：最后但并非最不重要的是，我们不能忽视一个事实，即孟加拉国等国的非法移民不断发生，导致人口密度增加。
5. Due to backward technology, the utilization of resources is reduced: India's education system is based on rote learning and is seriously outdated. After all, the head of Indian educational institutions may have reached his position by rote learning, rather than by real teaching enthusiasm.
5.由于技术落后，资源利用率降低：印度的教育体系是以死记硬背为基础的，严重过时。毕竟，印度教育机构的负责人自己可能已经通过死记硬背的教学理念达到了自己的地位，而不是出于真正的教学热情而到达这些地方。
In fact, there is no effort to make scientific and mathematical concepts easy to understand and interesting. Even though the last edition has been published for decades, there is no step to publish updated and better quality books. For some ridiculous reasons, calculators are still not allowed to take the exam (about your state council, but CBSE certainly does not realize that this is 2015). The questions raised in the exam are counter-intuitive and difficult. It does not provide facts about practical application at all.
事实上，没有努力让科学和数学概念变得易懂和有趣。即使最后一版已经几十年了，也没有出版更新、质量更好的书籍的步骤。由于某些荒谬的原因，计算器仍然不被允许参加考试（关于你的州委员会，但CBSE肯定还没有意识到这是2015年）。考试中提出的问题是反直觉的，而且很难。根本不提供有关实际应用的事实。
Our problem is that we believe that quantity is at the cost of quality. Due to the rapid development of IIM, all graduates cannot find jobs after graduation. Employers don't want all of this.
我们的问题是我们相信数量是以质量为代价的。由于IIM的迅速发展，所有毕业生在毕业后都无法找到工作。雇主们并不想要所有这些。
We are opening more and more software design universities. Private engineering colleges are now as common as supermarkets in every town.
我们正在开设越来越多的软件设计大学，私立工程学院现在就像每个城镇的超市一样普遍。
Unemployed engineers are a sign of the sad state of our society. Their education did not teach them enough ability to do a competent job and earn a living.
失业的工程师是我们社会可悲状态的标志。他们的教育没有教会他们足够的能力去做一份称职的工作和谋生。
More and more medical schools are springing up, which may be more dangerous to society. Soon, we will have to entrust our lives to those who do not have enough understanding of medicine.
越来越多的医学院如雨后春笋般涌现，这对社会可能更加危险。很快，我们将不得不把生命托付给那些对医学没有足够理解的人。
The lower the quality of education, the lower the utilization of resources
教育质量越低，资源利用率就越低…
6. Per capita income:
6.人均收入：
"India is the fastest growing country in the world. Although the utilization rate of manufacturing capacity is as low as 70%, and the agricultural growth slows down after two bad rainy seasons, our potential is undoubtedly greater. However, growth is only an indicator of performance. The level of GDP per capita is also very important. We are still one of the poorest countries per capita in the world." There is a long way to go before we can reasonably address the concerns of every citizen. "
“印度是世界上增长最快的大国，尽管制造业产能利用率低至70%，农业增长在两个恶劣的雨季后放缓，但我们的潜力无疑更大。然而，增长只是衡量业绩的一个指标。人均GDP水平也很重要。我们仍然是世界上人均最贫穷的大国之一。”在我们合理解决每一位公民的关切之前，还有很长的路要走。”
Per capita GDP based on purchasing power parity of states and federal territories. In 2021, India's per capita income (nominal) was US $2256.6, ranking 108th among the 164 countries of the World Bank, while the per capita income based on purchasing power parity (PPP) was US $6592, ranking 106th.
根据各州和联邦领土按购买力平价计算的人均GDP。2021年，印度的人均收入（名义）为2256.6美元，在世界银行的164个国家中排名第108位，而基于购买力平价（PPP）的人均收入为6592美元，排名第106位。
Therefore, basically, the Ambani, Adanis, Piras and Tata people in the world are basically the rich people in India, pushing up the average income of India, that is, per capita income. As Whelan wrote, "The super rich may seriously distort the average income."
因此，基本上，世界上的安巴尼人、阿达尼斯人、比拉斯人和塔塔人，基本上是印度的富人，推高了印度的平均收入，即人均收入。正如惠兰所写：“超级富豪可能会严重扭曲平均收入。”
In this case, average income does not give us a correct picture. In addition, it is certain that the civilian income of Indians is lower than the average income of India.
在这种情况下，平均收入并不能给我们一个正确的图景。此外，可以肯定的是，印度人的平民收入低于印度的平均收入。
At this point, it is important to introduce another term, that is, median. As Wheelan wrote, "The median is the point that divides the distribution into two halves, which means that half of the observed values are above the median and half are below the median."
在这一点上，重要的是引入另一个术语，即中值。正如Wheelan所写：“中值是将分布分成两半的点，这意味着一半的观测值位于中值之上，一半位于中值之下。”
Therefore, the average income is the income of Indians. With this in mind, average income is the correct representation of Indian income. This is because the rich (Ambani, Adnani, Tatar and Buras) are considered. According to the World Bank, the top 10% of India's population accounts for 30% of its total income. This will increase per capita income.
因此，平均收入是印度人的收入。考虑到这一点，平均收入是印度人收入的正确代表。这是因为富人（安巴尼人、阿德纳尼人、鞑靼人和伯拉斯人）被考虑在内。世界银行的数据显示，印度前10%的人口占总收入的30%。这会提高人均收入。
This shows that there is huge inequality in the country. Therefore, there is a huge gap between the average income of Indians and that of India.
这表明该国普遍存在着巨大的不平等。因此，印度人的平均收入与印度的平均收入差距巨大。
This is a few reasons why India has not yet developed... There may be many reasons, but the younger generation has the responsibility to step forward and make India the most shining star in the world again.
这是印度尚未发展的几个原因……可能有很多原因，但年轻一代有责任挺身而出，让印度再次成为各国中最闪耀的那颗星。
海外网友迈克尔•希梅尔斯坦的回答
India is still a developing country for five reasons.
印度仍然是发展中国家的5个原因。
1. Corruption: corruption increases transaction costs. Corruption will also reduce efficiency and is not conducive to the development of a healthy market. Corruption is a major obstacle to national development. Due to corruption, foreign investors lack interest in doing business in India. From time to time, China will find fraud. These scams are affecting FDI inflows.
1腐败：腐败导致交易成本增加。腐败也会降低效率，不利于健康市场的发展。腐败是国家发展的一大障碍。由于腐败，外国投资者对在印度做生意缺乏兴趣。我国不时会发现*局骗**。这些*局骗**正在影响外国直接投资流入。
India must show zero tolerance for corruption, bribery and social evils. Every Indian must understand his responsibility to the country. No one should seek a simple way and must oppose bribery.
印度必须对腐败、贿赂和社会罪恶表现出零容忍。每个印度人都必须了解自己对国家的责任。任何人都不应该寻找一种简单的方式，必须反对贿赂。
• Caught by traffic police? Give him a 100 rupee note and he will promise to let you go.
•被交通警察抓住？给他一张100卢比的钞票，他会答应放过你的。
• Would you like to let Indian civil servants handle your documents first? Just blink at him and pass him the money from under the table.
•希望首先让印度公务人员处理您的文件？只要对他眨眨眼，然后从桌子下面把钱递给他。
• The road life of India is only 5 years, while that of developed countries is about 20 years. Why? Because the contractor used cheap materials and filled his pockets.
•印度的道路寿命仅为5年，而发达国家的道路寿命约为20年。为什么？因为承包商使用廉价材料并填满了他的口袋。
• 2 Internal communication: Although we are a country that can speak more than 20 different languages, we are not united in one language. Moving between states is more difficult than moving to another country. People from nearby countries are often regarded as foreigners on their "land".
•2内部沟通：尽管我们是一个会说20多种不同语言的国家，但我们并没有在一种语言上团结一致。州与州之间的迁移比迁移到另一个国家更加困难。来自附近国家的人通常被视为他们“土地”的外国人。
In the early days of India's independence, there were some "initiatives" to make Hindi the common language of India. Somehow, at least in the southern states, it has not been widely accepted. Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew is outstanding. Although the majority of Chinese people in this country, he did not force others to learn Chinese. On the contrary, they all learned English and accepted English as the contact language.
在印度独立初期，有一些“倡议”使印地语成为印度的通用语言。不知怎么的，至少在南部各州，它并没有得到广泛的接受。新加坡的李光耀非常出色。尽管这个国家的华人口占大多数，但他并没有强迫其他人学习汉语。相反，他们都学习了英语，并接受了英语作为联系语言。
Unfortunately, this is not the case in India. Hindi is only used in three states (UP, MP and Haryana). Just because Jawaharlal Nehru came from UP, it was imposed on the other 22 states. As a result, so far, due to lack of unity, we have fought among the states. So far, the central government is promoting everyone to learn this language in various ways. For example, if you want to enter politics, you must understand Hindi. In order to meet the requirements of international accounting standards, we must understand Hindi, etc. This will only provoke hatred, not the unity that the government expects.
但不幸的是，这种情况在印度并非如此。印地语只在三个州（UP、MP和哈里亚纳邦）使用，仅因为贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁来自UP，就被强加给了其余22个州。结果，到目前为止，由于缺乏团结，我们在各州之间进行斗争。到目前为止，中央政府正在通过各种方式推动每个人学习这门语言。例如，要想从政，必须了解印地语。为了达到国际会计准则的要求，必须了解印地语等。这只会激起仇恨，而不是政府期望的团结。
• 3 Economic inequality: Maharashtra boasts to be the richest state in India's per capita GDP. But I doubt it. If we ask Ambani's family, Salman Khan and Sarchin Tandulkar, to move to Bihar, Bihar will probably become the richest country. According to the data of the World Bank, anyone who lives below US $2 a day is regarded as a poor person. According to the statistics, more than 80% (about 800 million) of people have incomes less than 100 times a day.
•3经济不平等：马哈拉施特拉邦自诩是印度人均GDP最富有的州。但我对此表示怀疑。如果我们要求安巴尼的家人萨尔曼·汗和萨钦·坦杜尔卡尔移居比哈尔邦，那么比哈尔邦很可能会成为最富有的国家。根据世界银行的数据，任何每天生活在2美元以下的人都被视为贫困人口，根据该统计数据，超过80%（约8亿）的人的收入低于₹每天100次。
What has the government done to improve their income? Yes, it did a clever arithmetic. According to the data of India, people who earn less than $4 a day are considered poor. According to this figure, only 30% of Indians are poor. These four dollars are calculated in nominal GDP of India. However, due to the high inflation rate, the nominal GDP figures are often misleading.
政府做了什么来提升他们的收入？是的，它做了一个聪明的算数。根据印度的数据，每天收入低于4美元的人被认为是贫困，根据这个数字，只有30%的印度人是贫困的。这4美元是用印度名义GDP计算的。但由于通货膨胀率很高，名义GDP数字往往具有误导性。
• 4 Lack of culture and knowledge: - When the literacy rate in Kerala reaches 100%, other states should learn from it and try to implement similar systems in the state. But our tendency is, "Why should we imitate that weak state? My state is great."
•4缺乏文化和知识：-当喀拉拉邦的识字率高达100%时，其他州应该从中吸取教训，并尝试在该州实施类似的制度。但我们的倾向是，“我们为什么要模仿那个弱小的州？我的州很棒。”
• 5 Unclean: people can eat whatever they want, tobacco and spit everywhere. People urinate wherever they think fit. There are garbage dumps everywhere. People are so smart that they always throw garbage out of the garbage bin instead of into the garbage bin. The child threw the chocolate wrapper on the road. People eat bananas and throw their skins on the road.
•5不干净：人们想吃什么就吃什么，*草烟**和随地吐痰。人们在任何他们认为合适的地方小便。每个地方都有垃圾堆。人们是如此聪明，他们总是把垃圾扔到垃圾箱外面，而不会扔到垃圾箱内。小孩子把巧克力包装纸扔在路上。人们吃香蕉，把香蕉皮扔在路上。
There are many reasons why India is still a developing country. However, the main reasons listed above are some of the main factors that India is still at a disadvantage.
印度仍然是一个发展中国家的原因还有很多。然而，上面列出了主要原因，这些是印度仍处于劣势的一些主要因素。