初级语法第六节代词讲解 (初中英语语法人称代词专项练习)

整理：兰桂姬语言文化

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初中英语语法第2季：代词

代词分类：

人称代词：

人称代词的句*功法**能：

l 主格人称代词用作主语

He Knew where I was going(He和I作主语，注意主格I在任何位置都要大写，其他主格代词不需要)

l 宾格人称代词作宾语或表语:We hope you like her(作动词的宾语）/ Who told you this news？-It's me(me是表语)

人称代词的用法：

l It的用法：先挖个坑

l We，you，they的特殊用法：都可用来泛指“人们”

l 注意要点：出现多个人称代词，单数按照“二三一”的顺序排列，即you，he，she and I或you，him，her and me；复数并列按照”一二三”顺序排列，即we，you，and they或us，you and them；如需承担责任，说话则需把第一人称放在第一位You，she and I should work together and play together / I and Leo broke the window

l 人称代词单独使用时，常用宾格而不是主格：I’d like to stay here--Me too / You are supposed to help Jack.--Why me?

物主代词：

句*功法**能：

l 形容词性物主代词：相当于形容词，放在名词前，作定语，翻译为“...的” Thank you for your last letter(你的) 提示=>可加own表示强调She has her own computer/I want to have a car of my own；许多固定短语中，形容词性物主代词不可缺少（举例中用one's替代其他物主代词）do one's homework/lose one's way/try one's best

l 名词性物主代词：相当于名词，不能放在名词前作定语，而是在句中作主语，宾语，表语或与of连用构成双重所有格，作后置定语。My iPad is good.His is better.(作主语=他的ipad)/Could i use yours(作宾语）/He might be in his(作介词宾语)/Are those books yours？(作表语） /Jack is a friend of mine杰克是我的一个朋友

反身代词：

句*功法**能：

l 做同位语：作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调作用，重读，可放在主语，宾语之后，也可位于句尾。

You will have to do it yourself(you的同位语) / I spoke to the boss himself(boss同位语)

l 作动词宾语：不重读，不起强调作用，可接反身代词作宾语的常见动词有buy，cut，dress，dry，enjoy，help，hide，hurt，introduce，make，teach，wash等。 Bob taught himself how to make a home page /Please help yourself to some fruit

l 作介词宾语(多见于习惯用语): I think I should be allowed to make decision for myself / She cooked the whole meal by herself。常见的还有of oneself自动地 in oneself本身，be oneself身心自在，cannot help oneself情不自禁，say to oneself心里想 seat oneself坐下，come to oneself恢复知觉，talk/speak to oneself自言自语，enjoy oneself玩得愉快

指示代词：用来指代或标记，this，that，these，those。

句*功法**能：与定冠词和人称代词一样具有“指定”的含义，所指对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境，可作定语，主语，宾语，表语等。

What does this word mean？（定语）/ Hi,Diao.This is Gou(主语） /I like these better than those（宾语）/What i like is this，not that（表语）

用法：

l This，these指时间或空间离说话者较近的人或物；that，those指时间和空间距离较远的人或物：I love this book but I don't like that one

l That，those常用来代替前面已提到的事物，以避免重复：Students in China are a little more difficult than those in the US.

l 打电话介绍自己要用“this is...”，询问或确认对方是哪一位要说“who's that？/Is that...”

l 人称代词代词指示代词，当所指的事物已经确定时，后面的指示代词指人时必须用he，she或they，指物时须用it或they。This is my brother.He studies at the university of London/Are these books yours？--Yes，They are.

不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词的代词，具有名词和形容词性质，有可数与不可数，单数和复数区别

用法：

l Both：Both of us want to go(主语）/I like both of them（宾语）/Both her children go to the same school(定语）/We both have been there（同位语) 特别提示both和not连用表部分否定“两者并不都”，全部否定要用neither=> Not both my parents are for my plan我父母并不都支持我/ Neither of my parents is for my plan我父母都不支持我(谓语用单数) / We both went to the cinema last night可在实义动词前 / The couple have both lived here for years可在助动词，连系动词，情态动词后 / Are your parents both teachers？---Yes，They both are答语中both不能在句末。

l Either和neither:表“两者中的任何一个”，neither表“两者都不”，均可修饰或代替可数名词单数，句中作主语，宾语，定语等，作主语时，谓语用单数。Either of you could do it你们俩谁做都可以(主语） / Did you see Peter and Mike？--No,I saw neither of them（宾语) /Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确（定语)

l One： 指代可数名词单数，可人可物，作主语，宾语，表语等，复数是ones。 1 泛指“人”“一个人”“人们”表示包括自己在内的总体，这种用法可出现one's和oneself相呼应=> One has to do one's best /One should take care of oneself 2表具体的“一个人或事物” Miss Gou is a English teacher，one who is both strict and kind / This is the one you are looking for 3代替上文已提及或对方已知的某个可数名词单数，ones代替可数名词复数，以避免重复 I don't like this cellphone，the one you just showed me /I prefer red roses to white ones 注意：当one前有形容词修饰时，形容词前必须有冠词或代词the best one，a nice one，her last one

It，one，that的用法比较：it指代前面提到过的同一事物“同名同物”I left my key in my drawer，but today it is gone(it=key）one泛指与前面的名词同类的另一事物，“同名异物”I don't like this type of computer.Could you show me a better one？(one指下文的电脑而不是上文的) that特指的名词与前面的名词只是同一类，并非同一个，“同名异物”只能指事物The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing(that指weather但不是同一地区的)

l All：表“所有的”，修饰或代替可数名词复数，也可修饰或代替不可数名词，句中作主语，宾语，定语，同位语 All are here(主语) / I brought all of them(宾语) / He called up all his friends(定语) / She has read them all(同位语) 注意 ：1，all与not连用时，表示部分否定“并非所有的”，全部否定用none=> Not all of us agree to the plan我们并非都同意这个计划 None of us agree to the plan我们都不同意这个计划 2，all可在实义动词前，连系动词，助动词/情态动词后，答语中，不能在句末。My family like all pop music /My classmates can all swim/ Do you agree to this plan？---Yes, we all do

l Each:代替或修饰可数名词单数，强调个体。在句中可作主语，宾语，定语，同位语等，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。We each know what we should do next /Each of the students has got a dictionary

l Every：修饰可数名词单数，强调整体，只能作定语=> Every student will be involved in the research

l None:作主语，宾语，表语。替代可数“没有一个”，替代不可数“全无”。作主语时谓语单复数都可。None dares/dare to tell lies before the teacher / I bought a lot but he bought none/I want some more milk but there is none left. 注意 ：no one一般指人不能加of短语，常回答who提问；none 既可指人也可指物可加of短语，常回答how many/much提问。Who told you the news？---No one. /How much oney have you got on you?---None

l Some和any： 1，表“一些”时，都可修饰或指代可数和不可数名词，一般情况下肯定句用some，否定，疑问和条件句中用any。 I must get some fruit in the market(肯定) /I don't have any stamps in the drawer(=I have no stamps in the drawer) (否定)/Do you have any coats for children?(疑问) 2,some用于表请求的疑问句是希望得到对方的肯定回答；any有时也可用于肯定句，这时表“任何一个”。 Would you like some coffee？/If he read any of those books，he would have known the answer /Any normal child can pick up a language 3，some/any+of结构作主语时，谓语动词根据of后面的名词或单词的单复数而定 Some of the food has gone bad/ I don’t think any of them are coming

l Another,other(s)和the other(s)

I don’t like this one,and please show me another. / Give me some other examples /Some pens are red,and others are blue 泛指/ He has two sons.One is doctor and the other is a soldier /I have ten pens.two of them are red and the others are blue特指10支笔中

l Many和much：“许多，大量”many修饰或代替可数，much修饰或代替不可数；前面+as，so，too，how表强调。Many of my friends live abroad / much of the work has been finished/There are so many mistakes in your diary /How much is the book？

l Little，a little，few，a few：

There is a little orange juice in the bottle(定语) 有一点儿橘子汁 / there is little orange juice in the bottle(定语) 几乎没有橘子汁/ There is few oranges on the tree 没有几个橘子在树上/There is a few birds on the tree有几只鸟在树上 注意：little--less--least<=比较级和最高级=>few--fewer--fewest； Diao Spend less time on maths,but she is much better at it /Who made fewer mistakes,Diao or Gou?

l 复合不定代词：

1，some-主要用于肯定句，any-主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件句；当some-用于疑问句时，有期望得到肯定回答的含义；当any-用于肯定句时表示“任何”之意。

There is somebody/someone in it(注意-one和-body可以相互换用，只是前者较文雅) /There isn’t anything in it / Everybody’s/Everyone’s business is nobody’s/no one’s business(事关大家无人管)

2，形容词修饰复合不定代词要放在其后面: There is nothing important here

l 相互代词：主要是each other和one another，意为“互相，相互”，只能作宾语，所有格形式是each other’s和one another’s. We often help each other/one another when in trouble. 注意：相互代词和其后的名词构成的词组不能作主语

l 疑问代词

1，who，whom的用法：意为“谁”

Who kicks Diao?(主语)

Whom/Who Did Gou kick?(whom作动词kick的宾语，可用who代替)

With whom did Gou kick Diao?(介词宾语时，whom不能用who代替)

2，whose的用法：意为“谁的”，既可前置作定语，也可单独使用

They are all good at maths,but whose is the best？（主语：谁的数学是最好的？）

Whose do you like better，Diao’s pen or Gou’s pen?(宾语：刁的笔和苟的笔，你更喜欢谁的(笔)呢？-这里谁的(笔)是like的宾语)

Diao has already taken her bag away.Whose is this?(表语：这是谁的包呢？)

Whose pen is better?(定语：谁的笔更好)

2，which的用法：意为“哪一个，哪一些”，可指人，可指物，可数单，可数复。句中可主，宾，定。

Which is better?(主语）

Which of these pens do you like?(宾语：of+which的名词短语作like的宾语)

Which cities are you going to visit？(定语)

3，what的用法：意为“什么”，可单独使用，也可放名词前，句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。

What makes you love English so much?（主语) / What do you like?(宾语) / What is this?(表语) /What size do you like?(定语) 4.1 询问姓名，物品，颜色，时间等What's your name / What's this? / What color is it? /What time is it? / What day is it today? / What kind of books do you like? 4.2询问职业 What is your sister？/What do you do? 4.3询问品行，外貌，天气 What is he like? 品行怎样？/ What’s the weather like? 天气怎样？/ What does she looks like?外貌怎样？ 4.4,“what about”征求意见或询问情况 What about you?

注意：what常泛指，没有选择范围，which特指在具体范围内进行选择What color do you like? /Which color do you like better, red or yellow?

l 关系代词：挖个坑

l 连接代词：who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whichever，whatever引导主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。包括表示疑问连接代词和非疑问连接代词。

What he said made me very angry(主语从句) / No one knows what will happen(宾语从句) / I have no idea who he is(同位语从句，who he is=名词化模块) / I won’t believe whoever cheats me(宾语从句) / Whichever player arrives at ten will be the winner(主语从句) / Take whichever seat you like(宾语从句) / She is allowed to do whatever she likes(宾语从句)

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