首页 › chmod777 › linux搜索文件夹内容命令 (linux操作系统的查找和搜索命令)

linux搜索文件夹内容命令 (linux操作系统的查找和搜索命令)

🏷️ chmod777 ✍️ 天津鑫谕科技有限公司技术总监 📅 2026-03-14T02:03:23+00:00

1.列出当前目录和子目录下的所有文件

这个命令会列出当前目录以及子目录下的所有文件。



Linux知识点之查找和文件搜索-*今条头日**


`find``.``.``/abc``.txt``.``/"/>



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`find``.``.``/abc``.txt``.``/subdir``.``/subdir/how``.php``.``/cool``.php

该命令与以下命令效果相同

$ ``find` `.``$ ``find` `. -print

2.查找特殊的目录或路径

下面的命令会查找当前目录下 test 文件夹中的文件，默认列出所有文件。

$ ``find``.``/test``.``/test``.``/test/abc``.txt``.``/test/subdir``.``/test/subdir/how``.php``.``/test/cool``.php

下面的命令用于查找指定名称的文件。

$ ``find` `.``/test` `-name ``"abc.txt"``.``/test/abc``.txt

也可以使用通配符

$ ``find` `.``/test` `-name``"*.php"``.``/test/subdir/how``.php``.``/test/cool``.php

请注意，所有的文件夹都会被递归地查找。所以，这是用于查找指定扩展名文件的一种非常强大的方式。

如果我们尝试搜索 / 文件夹，也就是根目录，就会搜索整个文件系统，包括挂载的设备以及网络存储设备。所以请小心使用。当然，你随时可以通过按 Ctrl + C 来终止命令。

注意：当指定文件夹的时候（例如示例中的"./test"文件夹），忽略末尾的斜杠是没有问题的。但是，如果文件夹是一个指向其它位置的链接（symlink）时，你必须在末尾写上斜杠才能使find命令正常工作（find ./test/）。

忽略大小写

在查找文件名时，忽略大小写往往非常有用。要忽略大小写，只需要使用 iname 选项，而不是 name 选项。

$ ``find` `.``/test` `-iname``"*.Php"``.``/test/subdir/how``.php``.``/test/cool``.php

总是用双引号或单引号来包围匹配模式（文件名参数），这非常有用。不这样做的话有时也能正常工作，有时也可能会产生奇怪的结果。

3.查找/etc目录中文件名为passwd的文件

[root@localhost ~]# find /etc/ -name passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
##查找/etc目录中文件名以.conf文件结尾的文件
[root@localhost mnt]# find /etc/ -name *.conf

4.按文件所在的深度（层次）查找

##-maxdepth表示最大深度，即最多层次
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc/ -maxdepth 1 -name passwd
/etc/passwd
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc/ -maxdepth 2 -name passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
##-mindepth表示最小深度，即最少层次
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc/ -mindepth 2 -name passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc/ -mindepth 1 -name passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
##查找/etc目录下最少层次为1最多层次为2的以.conf结尾的文件
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc/ -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 2 -name *.conf

5.反向查找

除了查找满足条件的文件之外，我们还可以查找不满足条件的所有文件。当我们知道要在查找中排除哪些文件时，这个选项就能发挥作用了。

$ ``find` `.``/test` `-not -name``"*.php"``.``/test``.``/test/abc``.txt``.``/test/subdir

在上面的示例中我们找到了所有扩展名不是 php 的文件和文件夹。我们也可以使用感叹号 ! 来代替 -not。

find` `.``/test` `! -name ``"*.php"

6. 结合多个查找条件

我们可以同时使用多个查找条件来指定文件名并排除某些文件。

$ ``find` `.``/test` `-name ``'abc*'` `! -name``'*.php'``.``/test/abc``.txt``.``/test/abc

上面的命令查找所有以 abc 开头并且不含 .php 扩展名的文件。这个示例展现了 find 命令自带的查找表达式是多么的强大。

OR 操作符

当我们使用多个查找条件时， find 命令会将它们通过 AND 操作符结合起来，也就是说，只有满足所有条件的文件才会被列出。不过，如果我们需要进行基于 OR 运算的查找时，可以加上-o 开关。

$ ``find` `-name ``'*.php'` `-o -name``'*.txt'``.``/abc``.txt``.``/subdir/how``.php``.``/abc``.php``.``/cool``.php

上面的命令查找所有以 .php 结尾或者以 .txt 结尾的文件。

7.只查找文件或目录

有时我们只想通过某个名字查找对应的文件或对应的目录，我们可以很容易实现这个要求。
$ ``find` `.``/test` `-name abc*``.``/test/abc``.txt``.``/test/abc

只查找文件

$ ``find` `.``/test` `-``type` `f -name ``"abc*"``.``/test/abc``.txt

只查找目录

$ ``find` `.``/test` `-``type` `d -name ``"abc*"``.``/test/abc

8.同时在多个目录下查找

如果你想要在两个不同的目录内进行查找，命令非常简单。

$ ``find` `.``/test` `.``/dir2` `-``type` `f -name``"abc*"``.``/test/abc``.txt``.``/dir2/abcdefg``.txt

检查一下，它确实列出了来自给定的两个目录的文件。

9.查找隐藏文件

在Linux系统中，隐藏文件的名字以英文的句号开头，即 . 。所以要列出隐藏文件，只需加上简单的文件名过滤条件就行了。

$ find ~ -type f -name ".*"

10.查找指定权限的文件

通过指定 perm 选项，我们可以查找具有特定权限的文件。下面的示例中查找了所有具有0664 权限的文件。

$ ``find` `. -``type` `f -perm 0664``.``/abc``.txt``.``/subdir/how``.php``.``/abc``.php``.``/cool``.php

我们可以用这个命令来查找带有错误权限的文件，这些文件可能会产生安全问题。可以结合 反向查找 来进行权限检查。

$ ``find` `. -``type` `f ! -perm 0777``.``/abc``.txt``.``/subdir/how``.php``.``/abc``.php``.``/cool``.php

11.locate

locate命令用于查找文件，它比find命令的搜索速度快，它需要一个数据库，这个数据库由每天的例行工作（crontab）程序来建立。当我们建立好这个数据库后，就可以方便地来搜寻所需文件了。即先运行：updatedb（无论在那个目录中均可，可以放在crontab中 ）后在/var/lib/slocate/ 下生成 slocate.db 数据库即可快速查找。在命令提示符下直接执行

#updatedb 命令即可：
例如：查找相关字issue
$ locate issue
/etc/issue
/etc/issue.net 
/usr/man/man5/issue.5 
/usr/man/man5/issue.net.5