快乐的时间总是很短暂。漫长的五一假期也落下了终幕。离5月23日*队军**文职考试只剩下两个礼拜了。还没复习完的小伙伴们要抓紧时间了!今天我们来看看英语专业都有哪些高频考点吧!
考点一:语法难点——倒装句
1、完全倒装:Now、Then、Here、There 位于句首时,用全部倒装。
倒装语序:Now comes the bus.
2、部分倒装:
(1)否定副词位于句首时的倒装:never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首。
倒装语序:Never shall I forgive him.
(2)由 not only…but also 引出的倒装:当 not only…but also 位于句首,引出句子时,not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装。
倒装语序:Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
(3)、“so+助动词+主语”倒装:当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者时,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。
倒装语序:You are young and so am I.
(4)“so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装:副词 so 后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装。
倒装语序:So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
(5)对于 not…until 句型的倒装:
当 not until…位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序。
倒装语序:Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.
(6)“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装:
当一个状语受副词 only 修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序:
Only in this way are you able to do it well.
考点二:语义学(Semantics)
1、语义学的分支有如下四个:
(1) Conceptualism(概念论):语言形式和它所指的现实事物之间没有直接的关联。
(2) Contextualism(语境主义):句子意思的实现依赖于语境。
(3) Behaviourism(行动主义):认为言语的刺激会导致非语言的行为。
(4) Functionalism (功能主义):布拉格学派认为“意思”只能从其在社会生活和
日常生活交流的实际功能和应用来理解。
2、单词之间的意义关系分为以下几类:Synonym(同义词类型),Antonyms(反义词类
型),Polysemy(多义词),Homonymy(同形异义)和Hyponymy(下义关系)。
3、句子之间的意义关系有:Entailment(蕴含关系),Presuppose(预设),Paraphrase
(释义关系),Contradictory(相悖关系)。
4、语义分析可以分为:Componential analysis(成分分析)和Predication analysis
(述位分析)。

考点三:语音学(Phonetics)
1、Phoneme(音素,音位) is the smallest phonological unit that distinguish meaning.音素是语言中最小的语音单位,可以表达意义上的区别。
2、Free variation(自由变异):When the substitution of two or more sounds in the same position does not result in any change of meaning, they’re said to be in free variation. 自由变异是指两个或两个以上的有差异的语音出现在相同的位置,可以互相替代使用,而不改变意义。例如:either的美式发音和英式发音不同,但不改变意义。
3、Minimal pairs(最小对立体):a pair of words identical in every way except for one sound segment in the same position. 在音位分析中,只涉及一个音素差别的对立体叫做最小 对立体。例如:look 和book,Ben和pen之间的音素差别。
4、Allophone(音位变体):a sound that is slightly different from another sound, although both sounds belong to the same phoneme and the difference does not affect meaning. For example, the |l| at the beginning of little is different from the |l| at the end. 音位变体是指同一音位有不同发音,如little中的第一个 |l| 与结尾的 |l| 发音不同)。
考点四:语用学 (Pragmatics)
1、会话准则:
(1)Maxim of quality 质量准则:使你的话尽量真实。
(2)Maxim of quantity 数量原则:你的话应当包含所需要的信息内容。
(3)Maxim of relevance 相关准则:使你的话与话题相关。
(4)Maxim of manner 方式准则:表达要清晰,避免模糊、歧义。
2、Speech act theory言语行为理论
(1)A locutionary act (言内行为) is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax lexicon and phonology.
(2)An illocutionary act (言外行为)is the act of expressing the speaker’s
intention; it is the act performed in saying something.
(3)A perlocutionary act(言后行为)is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of,or the change brought about the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something.