读麦·讲演·书的未来(1972)·013

The future of the book is inclusive. The book is not moving towards an omega point, but is actually in the process of rehearsing and re-enacting all the roles it has ever prayed, for new graphics and new printing processes invite the simultaneous use of a great diversity of effects. Poésie concrète has inspired many new uses of older printing methods and has called for the invention of new print and paper surfaces. Photo-printing permits the imposition of letters on and through many materials. Print can be moved through liquids and impressed upon fabrics, or it can be broadcast by TV and printed out on plastic sheets in the home or study or office. Thus the current range of book production varies from the cultivation of the art of the illumination of manuscripts and the revival of hand presses, to the full restoration of ancient manuscripts by papyrologists and photographic reproduction. Taking xerography alone, we find the book world confronted with an image of itself that is completely revolutionary.

书的未来是包容性的。书并不是逐渐走向一个终点,实际上是在排练和重演它曾经祈求过的所有角色的过程中,因为新的图形和新的印刷工艺要求同时使用巨大多样性的效果。具体派诗歌促成了旧印刷方法许多新的用途,并且需要发明新的印刷术和纸张表面。影印使在许多材料上、透过许多材料加印字母成为可能。印刷品可以过水,也可以被印在织物上,或者它可以用电视来*放播**,然后印在家里或书房或办公室的塑料布上。因此当前的书籍生产范围多样化,从手稿装饰艺术的培养和手动操作印刷机的重新流行,到纸草学家和照相复制对古代手稿的完美修复。单就静电复印术而言,我们发现图书世界所面对的是一幅彻底革命的画面。

按:电子媒介是对书籍和书籍文化的彻底革命,麦氏却在这里数说书籍的改良。

书的未来是发散性的,在信息层面由信息包分散为信息云、信息流、信息碎片,在物品层面散布成小众的收藏品和产品服务的指南手册。印刷品、印刷设备、印刷艺术的复古,都是印刷文化正在过时的信号。

书在电子时代排练和重演曾经出现的所有角色的全过程,有助于理解麦氏津津乐道的倒带*放播**。

具体派诗歌,20世纪50年代出现于欧洲、70年代盛行美国的现代诗歌流派。激烈反对诗歌传统的书面形式,主张打破诗歌与绘画、诗歌与散文、形式与内容、描写者与被描写者的界限,使诗歌成为只供“看的”具体视觉图像。这个流派的诗人有海森毕特尔、戈姆格林、加仑耶等。

在具体诗歌派诗歌中,词语已不是有思想内容和激起形象联想的概念,而只是声音的物质外壳,声音不过是物化了大小粗细强弱高低的音量、频率与音程。这种诗歌,有的是象形文字或字母在正方形、葫芦形等图案中的各种排列组合,有的则把各种图案当成一首诗。