冠词用法系列讲座(二)
定冠词的用法
2.1 the 是定冠词(Definite Article)。
2.2 可用于一切普通名词之前，“特指”某个或某些已知的人或事物，可看作指示限定词this, that, these, those的弱式表达：
The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
What do you think of the work? 你觉得这工作怎么样？
I like the music of the film, not the story. 我喜欢这部电影的音乐，不喜欢它的情节。
2.3 在读音以辅音音素开始的词前读[ðə]，在读音以元音音素开始的词前读[ðɪ]；在单读或加强对比时重读[ðiː]；在特别强调时重读[ðiː]，印刷中用斜体，加强特指意义，表示“真正的，恰恰是，最适合的，最理想的，最典型的”等：
Who is the[ðɪ] author of the[ðə] book? 这本书的作者是谁？
Here the[ðə] definite article “the”[ðiː] ought to be used instead of the[ðɪ] indefinite article “a”[eɪ]. 这里应该用定冠词“the”代替不定冠词“a”。
He was the[ðiː] greatest writer of the[ðɪ] age. 他是他那个时代最最伟大的作家。
You wanted a particular key, is this the[ðiː] one? 你说要一把特殊的钥匙，是这把吗？
He is the[ðiː] man for the job. 他是最适合做这项工作的人。
2.4 用于上文提到过的或正在谈到的人或事物之前，意为“这，那”：
I have a book. The cover of the book is red. 我有一本书，这书的封面是红色的。
He bought a house. I’ve been to the house. 他买了一幢房子，我去过那幢房子。
There are two caps in the room, the red one is mine, and the black one is my brother’s. 房间里有两顶帽子，红的是我的，黑的是我哥哥的。
2.5 用于与前面提到过的人或事物有关的人或事物：
I saw a car parked by the side of the road. The driver was asleep. 我看见一辆汽车停在路边。车上的司机睡着了。
Boys often like dogs very much. The animals can listen to their masters. 男孩常常喜欢狗。这种动物能听从主人。
At last we came to a small town. The houses were mostly of modern construction. The streets, though narrow, were clean and shaded with trees. 最后我们来到一座小镇，那里的房屋大多具有现代风格，街道虽窄，但很干净，而且绿树成荫。
2.6 用在双方都知道或都明白或都能体会到的人或事物之前，意为“那，这”：
Take the medicine. 把药吃了。
Open the door, please. 请开门。
Where is the teacher? 老师在哪儿？
Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
Don’t tell him the news. 不要告诉他这个消息。
Pass me the dictionary, please. 请把词典递给我。
Let’s meet at the bus station. 让我们在公交车站碰头吧。
2.7 用在后面带有介词短语、不定式短语、定语从句等限制性定语的名词之前，表示“特定”的人或事物：
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
The bike under the tree is his. 树下面的自行车是他的。
The book on the desk is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。
Do you know the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？
The man standing by the gate is Li Feng. 站在大门口的那个人是李峰。
The manager you want to see was here just now. 你要见的那位经理刚刚还在这里。
2.8 用在表示发明物的单数可数名词前：
Who invented the computer? 谁发明了计算机？
The wheel is a great invention. 轮子是一项伟大的发明。
The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago. 指南针是中国在4000年前发明的。
2.9 用在表示全体的单数可数名词前，代表一类人或物：
The dog is a devoted animal. 狗是忠诚的动物。
The tiger is a wild animal. 老虎是一种野生动物。
The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。
The car goes faster than the bike. 汽车比自行车跑得快。
The piano sounds better than the organ. 钢琴比风琴好听。
2.10 用于school, university, church, twon等词前，表示“全体人员”：
The head teacher told the school at assembly. 校长在全校学生大会上讲话。
Soon, the whole school knew about his win. 不久，全校师生都知道他获胜了。
The whole university is against the changes. 全校师生都反对这些变革。
The Church has a duty to condemn violence. 全体基督教徒有责任谴责*力暴**。
Soon the whole town was talking about it. 不久，全镇的人都谈论这件事了。
2.11 用于复数可数名词或有后置定语限制范围的基数词前，特指“整体中的全部”：
A: Where are the books? B: Here they are. 甲：那些书在哪儿？乙：都在这儿。
The students of foreign languages should read their texts aloud. 学外语的学生都应该大声朗读课文。
They are the students of Class Five. 他们是五班的学生。
They are the workers of this factory. 他们是这个工厂的工人(指全体工人)。
The five of us climbed up the peak. 我们5个人都攀登山峰(我们一共5个人)。
The three of them cooperated very well. 他们三人合作得很好(他们一共3个人)。
2.12 用在具有引申意义的单数名词前，表示该名词所具有的性质、特征、功能等抽象概念：
He is too fond of the bottle. 他太喜欢喝酒了。
He is brought up on the bottle. 他是喝牛奶长大的。
These songs are pleasant to the ear. 这些歌很好听。
These flowers are pleasing to the eye. 这些花很好看。
When did you go on the stage? 你是什么时候开始登台演出的？
2.13 “ the +名词+ of +同一名词复数”，表示最典型的人或事物：
Grain is the treasure of treasures. 粮食是宝中宝。
The Pacific Ocean is the deep of deeps. 太平洋是最深的海洋。
The International is the song of songs.《国际歌》是最优秀的歌曲。
2.14 用于物质名词前，表示所代表的特定含义，特别是当它有限制性定语时：
Don’t stand in the rain. 别站在雨里。
The water in the well is drinkable. 这井里的水能喝。
You must turn off the gas before you go to bed. 睡觉前必须关掉煤气。
Open the window please. The air is so bad. 把窗户打开，空气很不好。
Walking in the snow with my boyfriend is romantic. 和我男朋友在雪中漫步是很浪漫的。
2.15 用于抽象名词前，表示所代表的特定内容，特别是当它有限制性定语时：
I like the music of Beethoven. 我喜欢贝多芬的曲子。
The friendship between us is long and lasting. 我们的友谊地久天长。
The politeness of your sister is praiseworthy. 你妹妹的优雅值得称赞。
The rage of an angry lion is frightening. 一头怒狮的狂暴是吓人的。
2.16 用于表示独一无二的事物的名词前，如sun, moon, earth, world, universe, atmosphere, solar system, outer space等：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
The moon moves round the earth. 月球绕着地球转。
We have friends all over the world. 我们的朋友遍天下。
The sun is one of the stars in the galaxy, in which there are about 100,000 million stars. 太阳是银河系的一颗恒星，银河系大约有一千亿颗恒星。
The Milky Way is a bright band of stars. 银河系是一条明亮的星带。
2.17 用于表示独一无二的地标的名词前：
the North Pole 北极，
the South Pole 南极，
the Arctic Circle 北极圈，
the Antarctic Circle 南极圈，
the Equator 赤道，
the tropics 热带地区，
the Tropic of Cancer 北回归线，
the Tropic of Capricorn 南回归线。
2.18 用于表示自然界现象或自然事物的名词前：
The rain fell. 下雨了。
The tide is coming. 涨潮了。
The lightning flashed. 有闪电。
The wind is blowing. 风在吹着。
The sea is rough. 海上波涛汹涌。
The sun rises above the horizon. 太阳从地平线升起。
2.19 用在表示方位或方向的名词前：
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，由西方落下。
My home is in the west of China. 我家在中国的西部。
The ship is sailing to the south. 这船向南行驶。
The wind is blowing from the north. 风从北面刮来。
The shop is on the left[right]. 商店在左边[右边]。
Two hundred meters to the right of our school is a shop. 我们学校右边200米处是一个商店。
2.20 用在表示计量单位的词前，表示“按……，论……，每……”，与a, per, each等相当：
Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋论打出售。
Apples are sold by the pound. 苹果按磅出售。
Gasoline is sold by the gallon. 汽油按加仑卖。
I hired the car by the hour. 我按小时租了这辆车。
He rented the house by the month. 他按月租用那房子。
A pint is the half of a quart, and there’s four quarts to the gallon. 一品脱等于半夸脱，四夸脱等于一加仑。
2.21 用在西洋乐器名词之前，表示演奏这类乐器：
She is good at the piano. 她擅长弹钢琴。
I’d like to learn the guitar. 我想学习弹吉他。
He likes playing the violin. 他喜欢拉小提琴。
She plays the flute every day. 她每天吹长笛。
She is giving lessons on the accordion. 她在教拉手风琴。
2.22 用于少数病名或表示身体状态的名词前：
The fever had broken. 发烧已退。
I got the shakes today. 今天我打哆嗦。
I was enfeebled by the cold. 我因感冒而虚弱无力。
He’s coming down with the flu. 他染上了流感，病倒了。
The toothache is killing me. I’ve got to make a date with my dentist. 牙疼死了，我得跟我的牙医约个时间看病了。
2.23 放在前面提到的人的身体部位或其衣着部位的名词前，起物主限定词的作用，且通常不能直接用物主限定词，常用句型是“主语+谓语+宾语+介词+ the +宾语的身体或衣着部位”；尽管人有两只眼睛、两个耳朵、两只手、两条胳臂、两条腿，但此时要用单数名词作为代表性名词：
He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。
He patted me on the back. 他拍了拍我的背。
She caught me by the arm. 她抓住了我的手臂。
He took the boy by the hand. 他拉着小男孩的手。
He received a blow on the head. 他头上挨了一击。
Mary cut herself on the hand. 玛丽切着了自己的手。
He grasped the thief by the collar. 他抓住小偷的衣领。
2.24 用于感叹句中，表示感叹意味，与what a相当：
The villain! 这坏蛋！
The nuisance! 这讨厌的家伙！
2.25 用于人的姓或姓名前：
① 用于人的姓或姓名前，表示其作品：
He tried to sell the Turner. 他试图出卖那幅特纳的画。
② 用于人的姓或姓名前，表示所指的正是某位众所周知的著名人士， the 须重读，印刷中常用斜体：
He was the Homer of his age．他是他那个时代的荷马。
Have you read anything by the famous Dr. Johnson? 你读过著名的约翰逊博士的作品吗？
③ 用于姓氏复数前，表示夫妇二人或全家人或整个家族：
The Browns came to see me yesterday. 布朗夫妇昨天来看我。
The Lius live upstairs. 刘家住在楼上。
The Wangs are moving next week. 王家下星期搬家。
The Smiths are coming to dinner. 史密斯一家将来赴宴。
I often dine with the Bakers. 我常和贝克一家一起吃饭。
He is one of the Kennedies. 他是肯尼迪家族的一员。
④ 用于有描绘性定语修饰的人名前，表示赞颂此人或说明此人一时的特点：
The theory was advanced by the great Einstein. 这一理论是伟大的爱因斯坦提出的。
The polite Mr. Williams closed the door behind him. 彬彬有礼的威廉斯先生随手关了门。
2.26 用于产品牌子前，表示其产品：
He’s sitting in the Ford. 他坐在福特牌汽车里。
Do you know where the Kodak is made? 你知道柯达牌照相机是哪里制造的吗？
2.27 用于具有名词性质的基数词或具有形容词性质的限定名词的基数词前：
The two of them cooperated very well. 他们俩人合作得很好。
He is the higher of the two boys. 他是这两个男孩中较高的一个。
He and his wife came with their children a month ago, and the five of them are still staying here. 他和他的妻子带着他们的孩子，一个月以前来到这里，他们五人现在还都住在这里。
What have we done during the past three years? 过去的三年我们做了些什么呢？
2.28 用于整10的数词的复数形式前，表示这个复数数词所代表的区间的数目，特别用于表示世纪中的年代：
He graduated from college in the early sixties. 他60年代初就大学毕业了。
He was born in the seventies[70’s]. 他出生在70年代。
It happened in the 1970s. = It happened in the seventies of the twentieth century. 这件事发生在20世纪70年代。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the eighties. 我的家乡在80年代发生了巨大变化。
All his grades in mathematics are in the nineties. 他的数学成绩全是90多分。
2.29 用在序数词前：
① 与序数词一起，作后面名词的定语，表示顺序：
He was the first man to think of it. 他是第一个想到这一点的人。
This is the first time I have heard of it. 这是我第一次听说。
The second time we met, he replied to a lot of questions. 我们第二次会面时，他回答了许多问题。
A: Where do you live? B: I live on the third floor. 甲：你住在哪儿？乙：我住在三层。
August is the eighth month of the year. 八月是一年的第八个月。
I have read the tenth chapter but not the twelfth. 我看了第十章，不是第十二章。
② 与序数词一起，表示日期：
National Day is on October the first. 国庆节*十月在**一日。
July the First is our Party’s birthday. “七一”是我们*党**的生日。
③ 与序数词一起，代表“第一个[批]人[物]”，“第二个[批]人[物]”，“第三个[批]人[物]”等：
She was the first to learn about it. 她是第一个知道这件事的人。
She was among the first to learn about it. 她是第一批知道这件事的人。
You will be the second to speak. 你第二个发言。
I was the third in the race. 我在那次赛跑中获得第三名。
④ 与序数词一起，修饰后面的形容词最高级：
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二大河。
India is the second most populous country of the world. 印度是世界上第二人口大国。
It’s the third largest industrial city in the country. 它是这个国家的第三大工业城市。
2.30 用在first, last, next, only, sole, same等词之前：
It was the first time we had ever met.那是我们初次会面。
What was the last thing he said? 他最后说的是什么？
He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
Turn left at the next corner. 在下一个转角处向左转。
Mrs. James was the next to make a speech. 詹姆斯太太是下一位演讲人。
That’s the only reason. 那是唯一的理由。
She is the only girl in the class. 她是班里唯一的女孩。
They were the only people who had the keys. 只有他们有钥匙。
Volleyball demands all-round techniques, so height is not the sole winning factor. 排球要求全面的技术，所以高度不是唯一的取胜因素。
They are of the same blood. 他们是同宗。
My wife and I are the same age. 我妻子和我同岁。
Please repeat the same. 请把那个重复一遍。
2.31 用于某些形容词或分词之前，表示具有某种共性的一类人或事物或抽象概念：
the poor 穷人，
the rich[wealthy] 富人，
the old[aged] 老人，
the young 年轻人，
the brave 勇敢的人，
the sick 病人，
the strong 强者，
the weak 弱者，
the blind 盲人，
the deaf 聋子，
the dumb 哑巴，
the jobless 失业者，
the unemployed 失业者，
the living 生者，
the dead 死者，
the deceased 死者，
the departed 死者，
the dying 垂死的人，
the injured 伤者，
the wounded 伤员，
the oppressing 压迫者，
the oppressed 被压迫者；
the old 旧事物，
the new 新事物，
the known 已知的事物，
the unknown 未知的事物，
the expected预料中的事，
the unexpected 意外的事，
the possible 可能的事，
the impossible 不可能的事，
the usual 惯常的事，
the unusual 不寻常的事；
the true, the good and the beautiful *善美真**，
the false, the evil and the ugly 假恶丑。
2.32 用于形容词比较级前，对两个人或物比较时起特指作用，有关的名词常可省略，常与of the two连用：
This dictionary is the more useful of the two. 这两本词典中，这本更有用。
Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting. 在这两兄弟中，年轻的这个更有趣。
2.33 用在形容词最高级前，尤其是在句子中有比较范围时：
She is the thinnest of the four. 她是四个人当中最瘦的。
Alice is the tallest in her class. 爱丽斯是她班里最高的。
Autumn is the best season in Beijing. 秋天是北京最好的季节。
Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。
The first lesson is the easiest one in this book. 第一课是这本书里最简单的一课。
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 这是我所看过的最有意思的一部电影。
He was considered to be the best player. 他被公认为是最佳选手。
2.34 用在the very强调句中，表示“正是的，真正的，恰好的；甚至于”：
That’s the very pen I lost. 那正是我丢失的笔。
This is the very pen he used. 他用的就是这支钢笔。
Those are the very words he used. 那就是他的原话。
You are the very man I want to see. 你就是我想见的人。
This is the very same person I saw. 这正是我所看到的那个人。
He is the very picture of his father. 他跟他父亲长得一模一样。
That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for. 那正是我一直在寻找的东西。
This is the very best room in the hotel. 这是这家饭店中最好的房间。
The very rafters shook. 甚至梁架椽木都震动了。
2.35 用在表示国家公民的复数名词前(有些表示公民的名词是单数形式，但被视为复数)，表示集合性：
The Chinese are a friendly people. 中华民族是个友善的民族。
The English are famous for liking tea. 英国人以喜欢喝茶出名。
The Poles had struggled for freedom. 波兰人为自由而斗争。
2.36 用在表示*党**派、阶级、集团等名词或集合名词或某些复数名词前，表示集合性：
the Chinese Communist Party 中国*产党共**
the Communist Party *产党共**
the Labour Party 工*党**
the Democratic Party 民主*党**
the Liberal Party 自由*党**
the Conservative Party 保守*党**
the Republican Party共和*党**
the proletariat 无产阶级
the bourgeoisie 资产阶级
the working people 劳动人民
the working class 工人阶级
the intelligentsia 知识分子
the staff 全体职员
the people 人民
the public 公民
the workers 工人
the peasants 农民
the doctors 医生
the lawyers 律师
2.37 用在河流、运河、海洋、海峡、海湾、山脉、群岛、沙漠、平原等地理名称之前：
the Danube 多瑙河，
the Hudson River 哈德孙河，
the Mississippi (River) 密西西比河，
the Nile 尼罗河，
the Rhine (River) 莱茵河，
the Thames (River) 泰晤士河，
the River Thames 泰晤士河，
the Pearl River 珠江，
the Yangtse River 长江，
the Yellow River 黄河；
the Grand Canal 中国的大运河，
the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河，
the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河；
the Black Sea 黑海，
the East China Sea 东海，
the Mediterranean (Sea) 地中海，
the Red Sea 红海，
the Arctic (Ocean) 北冰洋，
the Atlantic (Ocean) 大西洋，
the Indian Ocean 印度洋
the Pacific (Ocean) 太平洋；
the English Channel 英吉利海峡，
the Bristol Channel 布里斯托尔湾，
the Magellan Strait(s) 麦哲伦海峡，
the Strait(s) of Dover 多佛尔海峡，
the Strait(s) of Gibraltar 直布罗陀海峡，
the Strait(s) of Taiwan 台湾海峡，
the Taiwan Strait(s) 台湾海峡，
the Turkish Straits 土耳其海峡；
the Bohai Gulf 渤海湾，
the Persian Gulf 波斯湾，
the Bay of Tokyo东京湾，
the Bay of Bengal 孟加拉湾，
the Bay of Biscay 比斯开湾，
the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾，
the Gulf of Genoa 热那亚湾，
the Gulf of Suez 苏伊士湾；
the Cape of Good Hope 好望角，
the Alps 阿尔卑斯山脉，
the Altai Mountains 阿尔泰山，
the Andes 安第斯山脉，
the Caucasus Mountains 高加索山脉，
the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉，
the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉，
the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉，
the Urals 乌拉尔山；
the Balkan Peninsula 巴尔干半岛，
the Crimea 克里米亚半岛，
the Florida Peninsula 佛罗里达半岛，
the Malay Peninsula 马来半岛，
the Iberian Peninsula 伊比利亚半岛；
the Bahamas 巴哈马群岛，
the British Isles 不列颠群岛，
the Hawaiian Islands 夏威夷群岛，
the Japan Islands 日本列岛，
the Malaysia 马来群岛，
the Philippines 菲律宾群岛，
the Nansha Islands 南沙群岛，
the Xisha Islands 西沙群岛，
the West Indies 西印度群岛；
the Mojave (Desert) 莫哈韦沙漠，
the Sahara (Desert) 撒哈拉沙漠；
the (Great) Plains 大平原(美国密西西比河以西)。
2.38 用于中国的湖泊或其他由of构成的湖泊以及词尾是复数形式的多个湖泊名称前：
the Dongting Lake 洞庭湖，
the Poyang Lake 鄱阳湖，
the Qinghai Lake 青海湖，
the West Lake 西湖；
the Lake of Geneva = Lake Geneva 日内瓦湖，
the Lake of Biwa = Lake Biwa 琵琶湖；
the Great Lakes 北美洲五大湖；
the Great Salt Lake 大盐湖，
the Great Lake 大西洋(the Atlantic Ocean的别名)。
2.39 用于由普通名词构成的或以复数形式结尾的国名或地名以及由山脉、江河、群岛等名称构成的国名或地名等专有名词前；用于被视为联合体的国名前；用于有限制性定语修饰的国名或地名等专有名词前表示特殊性：
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国，
the People’s Republic of the Congo 刚果人民共和国，
the Republic of Korea 大韩民国，
the kingdom of Belgium 比利时王国，
the United States of America 美利坚合众国，
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国；
the Cameroon 喀麦隆(the Cameroons 喀麦隆山脉)，
the Congo 刚果(the Congo River 刚果河)，
the Gambia 冈比亚(the Gambia River 冈比亚河)，
the Crimea 克里米亚(the Crimea 克里米亚半岛)，
the Philippines 菲律宾(the Philippine Islands)，
the Netherlands 荷兰，
the Sudan 苏丹，
the Ukraine 乌克兰
the Caucasus 高加索，
the Hague 海牙，
the Vatican 梵蒂冈。
The America of President Washington’s time had thirteen states. 华盛顿总统时代的美国有十三个州。
How different is the impression produced by the Beijing of today! 今天的北京给人的印象多么不同啊！
This city is known as the Venice of the East. 这座城市有东方的威尼斯之称。
2.40 用在含有普通名词的组织机构名称之前：
the United Nations 联合国，
the Duma 杜马(俄议会)，
the House of Commons (英国)下议院，
the House of Lords (英国)上议院，
the House of Representatives (美国)众议院，
the Senate (美国)参议院，
the National Assembly (法国)国民议会，
the Security Council (联合国)安全理事会，
the State Council (中国)国务院，
the State Department (美国)国务院，
the Central Intelligence Agency (美国)中央情报局，
the Federal Bureau of Investigation (美国)联邦调查局，
the Associated Press (美国)美联社，
the Royal Society (英国)皇家学会，
the Red Cross Society 红十字会，
the Ministry of Education 教育部，
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部，
the Xinhua News Agency 新华通讯社，
the Chinese People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军。
2.41 用在表示通向城市的路名(路名中有该城市名称)或连接两个城市或地区的路名前：
the Dover Road 多佛大道(通向多佛的大路)，
the London Road 伦敦大道(通向伦敦的大路)，
the Oxford Road 牛津大道(通向牛津的公路)。
2.42 用在以普通名词和另外一些词构成的旅馆、饭店、医院、商店、剧场、电影院、博物馆、广场、公园、寺庙、学校、车站、机场、桥梁、建筑物名称等专有名词前：
the Grand Hotel 大饭店，
the Garden Hotel 花园酒店，
the Friendship Hotel 友谊宾馆，
the People’s Hospital 人民医院，
the Red Cross Hospital 红十字医院，
the Friendship Store 友谊商店，
the Capital Theatre 首都剧场，
the Capital Cinema 首都电影院，
the British Museum 大英博物馆[不列颠博物馆]，
the Louvre (Palace) 罗浮宫，
the Military Museum 军事博物馆，
the Museum of Chinese History 中国历史博物馆，
the National Gallery of Art 国家美术馆，
the Palace Museum 故宫博物院，
the Forbidden City 紫禁城，
the Imperial Palace 故宫，
the Kremlin 克里姆林宫，
the Pentagon 五角大楼，
the White House 白宫，
the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂，
the Great Wall 长城，
the Red Square 红场，
the People’s Park 人民公园，
the Summer Palace 颐和园，
the Temple of Heaven 天坛，
the Monument to the People’s Heroes 人民英雄纪念碑，
the Railway Primary school 铁路小学，
the Central Academy of Fine Arts 中央美术学院，
the University of Leeds 利兹大学，
the State University of New York 纽约州立大学，
the Port of London 伦敦港，
the Golden Gate Bridge 金门桥。
2.43 用于某些报纸、文学艺术作品、书籍等的名称前：
the Daily Mail 每日邮报，
the Daily Mirror 镜报，
the Daily Telegraph 每日电讯，
the Financial Times 财经时报，
the Independent 独立报，
the Observer 观察家报，
the Star 星报，
the Sun 太阳报，
the Straits Times 海峡时报，
the Labour Monthly 劳动月刊，
the national anthem *歌国**，
the Yellow River Cantata 黄河大合唱，
the Scholars《儒林外史》，
the Dictionary of English Usage《英语惯用法词典》。
2.44 用于会议、条约、历史事件、历史时期、朝代等专有名词前：
the National People’s Congress 全国人民代表大会，
the Atlantic Pact 大西洋公约，
the Treaty of Shimonoseki 马关条约，
the Xi’an incident 西安事变，
the October Revolution 十月革命，
the Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期，
the Iron Age 铁器时代，
the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时代，
the Warring States Period 战国时代，
the Tang Dynasty 唐朝。
2.45 用于三军名称：
the Army 陆军， the Air Force 空军， the Navy 海军。
2.46 用于火车、船只、舰队、航母、飞行器等的名称：
the Mayflower 五月花号，
the Queen Mary 玛丽女王号，
the SS Queen Mary 玛丽皇后轮，
the Spanish Armada 无敌舰队，
the Yorktown 约克敦号航空母舰，
the Comet 彗星号(飞机名)，
the Phantom 幻影飞机，
the Mercury 水星号宇宙飞船。
The Titanic is believed unsinkable. 泰坦尼克号巨轮被认为是不会沉没的。
2.47 用在某些固定词组中，是这些词组不可缺少的组成部分：见附录四。
2.48 下列结构中， the 作副词而不是定冠词：
2.48.1 与一对比较级形容词、副词连用，意为“越……越……”，表示两者同时递增或递减；前者是状语从句(其中的the为连接副词)，后者是主句(其中的the为指示副词)：
① 正比比较：
The more, the better. 越多越好。
The faster, the better. 愈快愈好。
The sooner, the better. 愈早愈好。
The longer the wire, the greater the resistance. 电线越长，电阻越大。
The higher the temperature, the greater the pressure. 温度越高，气压越大。
The warmer the weather, the better I feel. 天气越暖和，我感觉越舒服。
The more learned a man is, the more modest he is. 一个人学问越高，就越谦虚。
The less you eat, the thinner you become. 你吃得越少，就变得越瘦。
② 反比比较：
The fewer, the better. 越少越好。
The more haste, the less speed. 欲速则不达。
The greater the resistance, the less the current. 电阻越大，电流越小。
The higher up we go, the colder it becomes. 越往上走，天气就越冷。
2.48.2 与比较级形容词、副词连用，表示比以前“更”，多把all, by far, so much, none, never等放在前面用于强调，且通常有表示原因、理由、条件等的短语或从句(其中的the为程度副词)：
I like him the better for it. 我因此而更喜欢他。
That will make it all the worse. 那反而会把它搞得更糟。
I love her all the more for her faults. 正因为她这些缺点，所以我越发爱她。
He is by far the cleverer than her. 他比她聪明得多。
He is cleverer by far than her. 他比她聪明得多。
If you could come, so much the better! 你要能来就更好！
This makes him so much the happier. 这使他更加快乐。
A good tale is none the worse for being told twice. 好故事百听不厌。
I am never the wiser for all your advice. 你的指点并没有使我更聪明。
2.48.3 用于副词最高级前(也可省略)，表示“最”：
He likes you the best. 他最喜欢你。
I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。
We like him the best of all. 我们最喜欢他。
Who sings the best in your class? 你们班谁唱得最好？
Among them, he works the hardest. 他们当中他工作最努力。
That’s the least important of all. 那是最不重要的。
I chose the least expensive of the hotels. 我选了一家最便宜的旅馆。
冠词是英语中十分重要、意义色彩非常复杂的词，它的使用率很高，是英语中最常用的词。
传统语法将冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类，现代英语将冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三类。
冠词是一种本身不能独立使用的虚词，一般放在名词前面，帮助说明这个名词的含义。
冠词的用法有其规律性，又有其习惯性。有时必须用不定冠词，有时必须用定冠词；有时既可用不定冠词也可用定冠词；有时不用或缺省冠词；有时用或不用冠词，用不定冠词或用定冠词，意义上又差别很大。
为了更好地掌握和使用冠词，我对冠词的用法进行了深入细致的学习和研究、归纳和总结，整理成册，与广大英语爱好者共同学习。需要者可加微信shengengjingdian，我将分享冠词的详细讲解。
《英语冠词》共十章，前五章讲基本知识，后五章讲深入内容，努力解决现有语法书含糊不清的地方，帮助深层次了解冠词的使用，解决冠词使用和考试中出现的疑难问题。
这是一本论述英语冠词的专著。讲述了不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的用法以及冠词的省略和后置，详述了各类词语使用冠词的情形，阐述了泛指、类指、特指、独指的语言现象以及不定冠词与数词one的区别和定冠词与指示限定词的区别，解析了冠词使用中常见的错误。特别适合中学生学习英语冠词时使用，也可供英语爱好者以及专家学者遇到冠词使用的疑难问题时查阅。
《英语冠词》目 录
第一章 不定冠词的用法
第二章 定冠词的用法
第三章 零冠词的用法
第四章 冠词的省略
第五章 冠词的后置
第六章 各类词语使用冠词的情形
第七章 泛指、类指、特指、独指
第八章 不定冠词与数词one的区别
第九章 定冠词与指示限定词的区别
英语有很多容易混淆的词语。在英汉词典中有很多汉语释义雷同或相近的英语词汇，在很多情况下，由于语境、搭配、句型结构等不同，它们之间有的存在细微差异，有的存在很大差别；有些词义相同或相近的词汇在某些情况下可换用，但在另一些情况下却不能换用；这在许多同义词、近义词中都有类似情况，很容易误用和错用。在英语词汇中，有些单词相貌非常相似，但词义却不同，很容易张冠李戴。如果不了解同义词、近义词、近形词等易混词语的区别，尤其是这类词之间的细微差异和习惯用法，就掌握不到规范、地道的英语，在交际和写作中常令人匪夷所思，甚至闹出笑话，因此，熟悉和掌握易混词语的区别和用法是非常重要的。
为此，我学习和研究英语易混词20多年，辨析了560组常用的或疑难的易混词，Word排版，大32开，1128页，80万字，150万字符。为了与网友分享，又编辑了手机版。
以易混词语组为主干，列出一组易混词语，说明这组易混词语的共性和区别，逐词阐释词义及用法，并配有例句及汉语译文，以便系统地掌握一组易混词语的共同点和区别。每组词的解释和说明力求简明扼要、通俗易懂，且又尽量详尽；针对解释和说明，选择例句规范、地道、实用，具有时代特色，容易学习模仿，努力做到层次清楚、主次分明，使人见树又见林，知其然更能知其所以然。
例句涉及天文地理、自然科学、人文科学，学习英语易混词的同时，增加多方面的知识，有些例句包含人生哲理，催人奋进。
《英语易混词辨析》是我20多年对英语易混词学习和研究的总结。每句话都经过反复考究、反复推敲，有时为考究一句话的正误要花上几天甚至几十天，有的一组词的考证总结就用了几年功夫。
shengengjingdian是我的微信号，需要文档中任何内容或者全部文档者，加我微信，我将分享文档，互学共勉。
我决心深耕不辍，打造经典，与万千朋友共勉。非常欢迎广大朋友提供宝贵意见，凡被采纳的独创性见解，我将一一表示感谢！
《英语易混词辨析》目录
1. a, an
2. a[an], one
3. a[an], the
4. abandon, desert, discard, forsake, give up
5. abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, tolerate, put up with, brook
6. ability, capability, capacity, competence, faculty, genius, talent, power, skill, aptitude
7. able, capable, competent, adequate, qualified
8. abnormal, irregular, unusual, eccentric, unnatural, exceptional, subnormal, aberrant
9. aboard, board
10. abolish, abrogate, annul, countermand, repeal, rescind, revoke, cancel, call off, do away with
11. about, approximately, around, roughly
12. about, around, round
13. about, of, on
14. above, beyond, over, more than
15. above, over, on
16. abroad, overseas
17. absolute, complete, entire, perfect, utter, total, thorough, full
18. absorb, digest, assimilate, suck
19. abstract, attract, contract, distract, extract, protract, retract, subtract, tractor
20. abstract, digest, outline, summary, resume, synopsis, gist
21. absurd, ridiculous, preposterous, ludicrous
22. accelerate, quicken, speed
23. accent, dialect, tone, pronunciation, intonation
24. accept, receive
25. accessory, appendix, attachment, supplement, affiliation
26. accompany, company, see, attend, escort, convoy
27. accomplish, achieve, complete, finish, fulfil(l)
28. accomplishment, achievement, exploit, feat, success
29. accord, agree, coincide, conform, correspond, square, tally
30. accord, agreement, convention, treaty, pact, compact, bargain, contract, understanding
31. according to, in accordance with, in accord with
32. accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, thus, so
33. accumulate, amass, assemble, collect, gather, congregate, hoard
34. accurate, exact, precise
35. accuse, charge, denounce, blame, condemn, scold, rebuke, reproach, censure, chide, reprove, upbraid, impeach
36. achieve, acquire, obtain, gain, get, attain, earn, derive, secure, win, procure
37. achieve, attain, arrive, reach, gain, get, come to
38. acknowledge, admit, concede, confess, own, recognise, recognize, allow, grant
39. acquaintance, friend, intimate, familiar, confidant, confidante
40. act, action, behave, behavio(u)r, conduct, deed, manner, activity, style
41. actor, actress, performer, player, cast
42. actual, authentic, genuine, positive, practical, real, true, virtual
43. acute, keen, sharp
44. acute, urgent, imperative, critical, crucial, pressing, emergency
45. add, increase, gain, augment, multiply, broaden, widen, lengthen, enlarge
46. add, plus
47. additional, extra, supplementary
48. address, deliver, discourse, lecture, speak, talk, speech, declaim, orate
49. address, greet, hail, salute, welcome
50. adhere, glue, stick, cling, cohere
51. adopt, foster
52. adorn, decorate, ornament, embellish, bedeck, garnish
53. adult, grown-up, mature, ripe, mellow
54. advance, forward, further, promote, expedite
55. advance, move on, proceed, progress, march
56. advanced, progressive, radical
57. advantage, benefit, profit, interest
58. adventure, venture, risk, hazard, chance
59. adverse, contrary, opposite, reverse, contradictory, converse, inverse
60. advice, proposal, proposition, recommendation, suggestion
61. advise, counsel, propose, recommend, suggest
62. advise, persuade, convince, counsel, recommend, urge, induce, coax
63. affair, business, concern, matter, thing
64. affect, effect
65. affect, influence, impress, impact, leverage
66. affection, emotion, feeling, passion, sentiment, sentimentality
67. affirm, allege, assert, claim, declare
68. afraid, fearful, dreadful, frightful, awful, awesome, horrible, horrid, horrific, terrible, terrific, frightened, frightening
69. after, behind
70. afterward(s), later
71. age, epoch, era, period, times, day, date
72. aged, elderly, old
73. ago, before
74. agony, anguish, misery, torment, torture, distress, grief, grieve, mourn, sadden, sadness, sorrow
75. agree, approve, consent, grant, subscribe, be for, accede, assent, concur
76. aid, assist, help
77. air, atmosphere, gas
78. alike, like, parallel, similar, same, identical, equal, comparable
79. alive, live, living
80. all, whole
81. alleviate, ease, lessen, lighten, relieve, abate, allay, assuage, mitigate, soothe, subside
82. allocate, assign, distribute, divide, allot, apportion
83. allow, permit
84. almost, nearly
85. alone, lonely, lone, lonesome, solitary, desolate, forlorn
86. aloud, loud, loudly
87. already, yet
88. also, as well, too, either
89. although, though
90. altogether, all together
91. always, forever, usually, often, frequently, repeatedly, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, hardly, rarely, never
92. among, between
93. amount, number
94. amplify, enlarge, expand, magnify
95. analogy, likeness, resemblance, similarity
96. ancient, antique, antiquity
97. anger, indignation, fury, rage, outrage, wrath
98. angle, corner, horn
99. animal, beast, creature, brute
100. announce, declare, proclaim, pronounce, publish
101. annoy, bother, disturb, interfere, interrupt, irritate, trouble
102. another, other
103. answer, reply, respond
104. anxiety, care, concern, worry
105. anxious, eager, keen, hungry, thirsty, longing, yearning
106. any, some
107. anyhow, anyway
108. anyone, any one
109. apparent, clear, distinct, evident, manifest, obvious, plain, noticeable, visible
110. appear, arise, emerge, loom, pop, come out
111. appear, look, seem
112. appoint, designate, name, nominate
113. appreciate, enjoy
114. appropriate, fit, fitting, proper, suitable
115. area, district, region, section, zone, belt, quarter, part, ward, neighbo(u)rhood, locality
116. argue, dispute, debate, quarrel, row, reason, squabble
117. arise, rise
118. arms, weapon, armament, weaponry
119. army, troops, force, military
120. article, composition, theme, essay, prose, paper, editorial, thesis, dissertation
121. artificial, synthetic, man-made, fake, false, sham
122. as, like, alike
123. as good as, as well as
124. ashamed, shameful, shameless
125. ask, question, inquire, examine, interrogate, query, demand
126. asleep, sleep, sleeping, sleepy
127. aspire, desire, dying, hunger, long, pine, starve, thirst, yearn, pant, crave
128. associate, colleague, companion, company, fellow, mate, partner, comrade
129. association, society, club, league, union, alliance, federation, fellowship, community
130. assure, ensure, insure, guarantee
131. at, in, on
132. attach, band, bandage, bind, bunch, bundle, chain, fasten, hitch, rope, secure, strap, tape, tie, wrap
133. attempt, try, endeavo(u)r
134. attend, join, participate, take part in, be[go] in for, enter
135. attract, draw, appeal, charm, tempt, lure, allure, entice
136. audience, spectator, listeners, viewers
137. author, writer
138. avenge, revenge, retaliate
139. avenue, street, road, lane, way, expressway, freeway, motorway, highway, highroad, pavement, sidewalk, pedestrian crossing, zebra crossing, pedestrian crosswalk, alley, drive, driveway, parkway, path, footpath, footway, pathway, trace, track, trail, route, course, line
140. avoid, dodge, escape, flee, run away, miss, duck, elude, evade, shun
141. await, wait
142. award, reward, prize, bonus
143. awkward, clumsy, ungainly
144. baby, child, boy, girl, infant, kid, lad, lass, babe, toddler
145. bachelor, master, doctor
146. bad, ill, evil, wicked
147. baffle, bewilder, confuse, embarrass, puzzle, perplex, confound, disconcert, mystify
148. bake, roast, toast, grill, broil, barbecue
149. balance, equilibrate, equilibrium, poise
150. bald, bare, barren, naked, nude, stark
151. ban, forbid, prohibit
152. bank, beach, coast, shore, seaside
153. banner, flag, standard, pennant
154. bar, barricade, barrier, block, roadblock, handicap, hindrance, hurdle, impediment, obstacle, obstruction
155. bar, barricade, block, roadblock, deter, forestall, hamper, handicap, hinder, impede, inhibit, interfere, interrupt, obstruct, prevent, stop, keep, hold
156. barbarous, bloody, brutal, cruel, ferocious, fierce, inhuman, merciless, pitiless, ruthless, savage, vicious
157. base, basis, foundation
158. basic, elemental, elementary, essential, fundamental, primary, rudimentary
159. bath, bathe
160. bay, bight, cove, creek, fiord, fjord, gulf, inlet
161 be about to do, be going to (do)
162. beam, blaze, glare, glow, ray, shine, light, lighten, illuminate, kindle
163. bear, bore, born, borne, birth
164. beat, defeat, win, victory, conquer, overcome, prevail, triumph, vanquish
165. beautiful, pretty, handsome, good-looking
166. because, as, since, for
167. because of, due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to
168. beckon, gesture, motion, sign, signal
169. begin, start
170. believe, trust
171. beloved, favo(u)rite, popular
172. below, under, beneath, underneath
173. beside, besides
174. besides, apart from, aside from, else than, other than
175. besiege, encircle, enclose, envelop, fence, picket, surround
176. better, improve
177. big, large, great
178. bite, gnaw, nibble, chew, peck, lick, devour, swallow
179. bite, gnaw, snap, savage, nibble, peck, sting
180. blank, margin, empty, bare, hollow, vacant, free, void, vacuum
181. blast, blow, burst, explode, dynamite, erupt
182. blemish, flaw, defect, shortcoming, weakness, fault
183. blend, compound, mixture, composite, alloy
184. blend, mix, combine, mingle, merge
185. blink, flare, flash, flicker, glance, gleam, glimmer, glint, glisten, glitter, shimmer, spark, sparkle, twinkle, wink
186. blink, wink, twinkle
187. blush, flush, glow, crimson, redden
188. board, commission, committee, council, jury
189. boat, canoe, craft, dinghy, ferry, raft, yacht, sail, ship, liner, cruiser, vessel, tanker, barge, tug, steamer, sub
190. bold, brave, courage, dare, heroic
191. border, boundary, frontier, barrier, division, limit
192. border, brim, rim, brink, edge, fringe, margin, verge
193. borrow, lend, loan, use
194. both, either, neither
195. bowl, cup, glass, plate, saucer, dish, dishes, spoon, chopsticks, knife, fork
196. branch, bough, limb, twig, spray, shoot
197. brand, make, trademark, label, tag
198. break, burst, chip, crack, crash, crush, fracture, grind, shatter, smash, snap, splinter, split
199. breed, foster, raise, rear, bring up
200. brief, short
201. bring, take, fetch, get
202. broad, wide
203. burden, load
204. business, commerce, trade, bargain, deal, traffic
205. businessman, dealer, merchant, trader, tradesman, retailer, wholesaler
206. button, knob, switch, control, dial, wheel
207. buy, purchase
208. calculate, compute, count, figure, number, reckon, work out
209. calm, quiet, silent, still, placid, restful, serene, tranquil
210. campaign, crusade, drive, movement, motion
211. can, could, be able to
212. can, could, may, might
213. can, could, may, might, must
214. cane, staff, stick
215. cap, hat
216. careful, cautious, discreet, guarded, prudent, prudential, alert, vigilant, wary, watchful
217. carry, bear, hump, tote, haul, lug, cart, run, raft, fly, ship, convey, deliver, ferry, shuttle, hurry, transport
218. case, circumstance, condition, situation, state, status
219. catastrophe, calamity, disaster, plague, tragedy
220. catch, clutch, grasp, grip, seize, capture, clasp, grab, snatch, arrest, trap
221. cause, reason
222. caution, warn, forewarn, admonish
223. celebrate, congratulate, compliment
224. centre, core, focus, heart, hub, nucleus, middle
225. certain, sure
226. chance, occasion, opportunity, break
227. change, alter, convert, vary, transform, turn, adapt, modify, adjust, accommodate
228. channel, strait
229. character, individuality, personality, nature
230. charter, hire, lease, let, rent, tenant
231. chase, catch, pursue, hunt, be[run, go, get, seek] after
232. check, examine, inspect, test, verify, go over, go through, look over, look through
233. chief, main, major, primary, prime, principal, capital, central, key, leading
234. choice, pick, alternative, option, election, selection, vote, preference
235. choose, pick, select, prefer, elect, vote, opt
236. circle, circuit, encircle, orbit, revolve, rotate, swivel, wheel, crank, pivot, spin, whirl, twirl, twist, swirl, turn, roll, round
237. cite, quote
238. class, course, lesson
239. clay, earth, ground, mud, soil, land
240. clever, wise, smart, bright, brilliant, gifted, ingenious, intellectual, intelligent, sagacious, shrewd, apt, cute
241. climate, weather
242. climb, crawl, creep, ascend, mount, scale, scramble
243. close, conclude, end, finish, terminate
244. close, shut
245. clothe, dress, wear, put on, have on, be in
246. clothes, clothing, coat, dress, suit
247. coarse, crude, rude, rough, harsh, vulgar
248. cold, bleak, chill, chilly, cool, warm, warmth, heat, hot
249. column, file, queue, rank, row, line, range, procession
250. come, go
251. comfort, console, relieve, solace, soothe, appease, placate, pacify
252. comfort, ease
253. command, direct, instruct, order, bid, dictate
254. common, general, universal, normal, ordinary, usual, average, commonplace
255. compare, contrast
256. compel, constrain, enforce, force, impel, impose, oblige
257. complex, complicated, intricate, involved
258. component, constituent, element, ingredient
259. compose, comprise, consist of, constitute, form, make
260. comprehensible, comprehensive
261. concentrate, focus
262. concept, conception, notion, idea, outlook, opinion, thinking, thought, judgement, view, viewpoint
263. concern, concerned, concerning
264. conduct, direct, guide, lead, navigate, pilot, steer, usher
265. confine, limit, restrict
266. connect, join, joint, link, combine, couple, associate, unite, unify
267. consequence, effect, result, outcome, upshot, finding, fruit
268. consequence, importance, significance, value, magnitude
269. consign, despatch, dispatch, express, forward, freight, mail, email, post, send
270. conspire, plot, scheme
271. contain, include, involve, comprise, cover, embrace
272. content, fulfil(l), gratify, meet, please, satisfy
273. continual, continuous, consecutive, successive, constant, persistent, perpetual straight, ceaseless, incessant, nonstop, uninterrupted
274. continually, continuously
275. continuance, continuation, continuity
276. continue, carry, go on, move on, proceed, resume, persist, endure, hold, keep, last
277. continue, keep, lie, remain, rest, sit, stand, stay, hold, last
278. contribute, dedicate, devote, donate
279. cook, cooker
280. cope, deal, dispose, handle, manage, treat
281. cordial, earnest, genuine, hearty, sincere
282. corridor, passage, aisle, hall, porch, veranda(h), gallery, catwalk, walkway
283. cost, expend, spend, take
284. costly, dear, expensive
285. country, countryside, village
286. country, nation, state
287. couple, pair
288. crazy, frantic, insane, mad, nuts
289. create, invent, discover, find
290. crime, evil, guilt, offence, offense, sin, vice, violation, misdeed, wrongdoing
291. criminal, evil, guilty, sinful, wicked
292. crop, harvest, reap, yield
293. cross, across, over
294. crowd, throng, squash, lot, mob, rabble, horde, band, parcel, gang, drove, flock, herd, pack, school, shoal, swarm, company, party, group, colony, multitude, cloud, host, troop, cluster, crop, crush, wave
295. cry, wail, blubber, bawl, howl, weep, snivel, sob, whimper, whine, tear
296. cure, heal, mend, remedy, treat, doctor, medicate
297. custom, habit, manner, convention, practice, tradition, use, usage, way
298. customary, accustomed, conventional, habitual, traditional, usual, used
299. customer, client, patron, guest, passenger, consumer, buyer, purchaser, shopper
300. damage, harm, hurt, impair, injure, wound, disable, cripple, paralys [ z ] e, mar, spoil, bruise, burn, cut, scratch, maim, pull, tear, strain, sprain, twist, wrench
301. damp, dank, humid, moist, muggy, wet
302. danger, hazard, peril, risk
303. dangerous, hazardous, perilous, precarious, risky, unsafe
304. dark, black, dim, dusky, gloomy, obscure
305. deceive, cheat, trick, defraud, swindle, fool, con, fleece, impose
306. decide, determine, resolve, settle, make up one’s mind
307. decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, lessen, reduce
308. decline, descend, fall, drip, drop, sink, subside, degrade, fail
309. deep, deeply
310. deep, profound
311. defend, guard, preserve, protect, safeguard, ensure, secure, shield
312. defer, delay, postpone, prolong, protract, put off, retard, suspend
313. delicate, faint, feeble, fragile, frail, impotent, infirm, limp, soft, weak
314. depend, rely, bank, count, reckon, rest, trust
315. deprive, dispossess, divest, rob, strip
316. deride, gibe, jibe, jeer, laugh at, mock, rag, ridicule, scoff, scorn, sneer, taunt, tease
317. desirable, desirous
318. desk, table
319. despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, for all, with all
320. destroy, damage, demolish, devastate, raze, ruin, wreck
321. die, death, dead, deadly, deathly, dying
322. die, drown, execute, hang, kill, poison, strangle, starve
323. die, expire, pass, perish, decease
324. differ, disagree, disapprove, dissent, divide, object, oppose
325. different, various, diverse, distinct, distinctive
326. differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, tell
327. difficult, hard
328. digit, figure, number, numeral
329. disability, inability
330. disable, enable, unable
331. disappear, fade, vanish, merge, lift, swallow
332. disclose, expose, reveal, uncover
333. disease, illness, sickness, complaint, disorder, trouble, ailment, malady, malaise
334. dispatch, hasten, hurry, rush
335. dispel, disperse, dissipate, scatter
336. display, exhibit, expose, show
337. disposition, temper, temperament
338. distant, far, remote
339. divide, divorce, part, insulate, isolate, segregate, separate
340. do, make
341. doctor, physician, surgeon, dentist, psychiatrist, resident, practitioner, GP
342. door, gate, exit, gateway
343. doubt, suspect, question, distrust, mistrust
344. drag, draw, haul, jerk, lug, pull, stretch, tow, tug, trail
345. dread, fear, fright, horror, panic, scare, startle, terror, alarm
346. drift, float
347. drill, exercise, practice, train
348. drink, have, gulp, lick, sip, slurp, suck, swallow
349. drive, ride, fly, sail, motor
350. duty, obligation, responsibility, liability
351. each, every
352. each other, one another
353. earnest, grave, serious, sober, solemn
354. eat, dine, have, take, help yourself
355. economic, economical, economically, economics, economy, financial, financially, finance, fiscal
356. educate, instruct, teach, school, train, coach, tutor
357. effective, effectual, efficacious, efficient
358. effort, endeavo(u)r, exert, pains, struggle, strain, strive, take … trouble
359. elder, eldest; older, oldest
360. electric, electrical, electronic
361. elegant, graceful
362. elongate, extend, lengthen, stretch, prolong, protract
363. else, other
364. embrace, hug, clasp, cradle, press, squeeze, cuddle, clinch
365. emphasis[z]e, stress, underline, underscore, accent, accentuate, highlight
366. employ, engage, hire
367. encounter, meet
enough, sufficient, adequate, 368. ample, plentiful
369. environment, surroundings, circumstance, conditions
370. especially, particularly, specially
371. esteem, hono(u)r, regard, respect, revere, reverence, adore, worship, admire, homage
372. event, accident, incident, occurrence, casualty, mishap, happening
373. eventual, eventually; final, finale, finally; last, lastly, at last; ultimate, ultimately; at length, in the end
374. everybody, everyone, every one
375. examination, quiz, test, final, oral, makeup
376. example, instance, case, illustration
377. example, model, pattern
378. exceed, excel, surpass, transcend, outdo, outstrip
379. except, but, excluding, bar, beyond, outside, save, unless, short of, next to, no counting, otherwise
380. excuse, forgive, pardon, overlook
381. exhausted, exhausting, exhaustive
382. exist, live, survive
383. expand, swell, dilate, distend, inflate
384. expert, specialist, authority, guru, pundit
385. extend, spread, stretch
386. exterior, external, outer, outside, outward
387. fade, wilt, wither
388. fair, fairly
389. fairly, quite, rather, pretty, very
390. fame, glory, hono(u)r, name, prestige, renown, reputation, repute, stature
391. family, home, house, household
392. farther, further; farthest, furthest
393. fast, quick, rapid, swift, prompt, speedy, express, hasty
394. fee, charge, cost, expense, fare, freight, toll, tip, expenditure
395. few, a few, little, a little
396. fighter, soldier, warrior
397. film, movie, picture, cinema
398. find, look, search, seek, hunt, comb, rake, rummage
399. fine, good, nice, well
400. fire, burn, blaze, flame, flare, light, ignite, kindle
401. fit, suit, match
402. fittings, fixture, furniture
403. flesh, meat
404. flower, bloom, blossom
405. fluid, liquid, gas, solid
406. fog, mist, haze, smog
407. follow, trace, track, trail, tail, shadow, stalk
408. foolish, silly, stupid, dull, fatuous
409. force, power, strength, energy, might, vigour
410. forceful, forcible
411. forecast, foresee, foresight, foretell, forewarn, predict, prophecy, prophesy
412. foregoing, former, preceding, previous, prior
413. forest, jungle, bushes, shrubbery, wood(s), grove
414. forget, leave
415. form, shape, figure, outline, profile
416. game, match, race, quiz, final, rival, compete, contend, contest, dispute, scramble
417. gift, present
418. give, accord, award, confer, grant, present, entitle, bestow, vouchsafe
419. glad, happy, pleasant, nice, cheerful, agreeable, delightful, jolly, joyful, joyous, merry, gay
420. good-bye, bye, bye-bye, so long, farewell
421. grand, magnificent, splendid, superb, glorious, gorgeous, spectacular, imposing, majestic, sublime
422. grow, plant, cultivate, crop, seed, sow
423. happen, occur, chance, break out, take place, befall
424. harbo(u)r, port, seaport, dock, pier, jetty, quay, wharf
425. hard, harsh, rigid, rigorous, severe, stern, strict
426. hardly, scarcely, barely
427. heading, headline, title, theme, subject, topic
428. heap, pile, stack, mass, bank
429. hear, listen
430. height, altitude, elevation, stature
431. hide, conceal, bury, cache, cloak, cover, disguise, harbo(u)r, mask, screen, shelter, suppress, veil
432. high, tall, lofty
433. hint, imply, indicate, intimate, suggest, allude, insinuate
434. holiday, vacation, leave, festival, furlough
435. hope, want, wish
436. hunger, hungry, starve, starvation, famine, famish
437. identify, recognise, recognize, make out, pick out, place, know, spot, tell
438. idle, lazy, indolent
439. ill, sick
440. imaginable, imaginary, imaginative
441. important, significant, vital, momentous
442. in addition to, as well as, on top of, over and above, among other things, more than, along with
443. income, pay, salary, wage
444. individual, personal, private, intimate, privy
445. information, info, intelligence, message, news, tidings, word
446. insist, persevere, persist, adhere, cling, assert, stay, maintain, hang, hold, keep, stick, endure
447. intend, mean, plan, be going to, be thinking of
448. invaluable, priceless, precious, valuable, valued
449. investigate, enquire, inquire, probe, survey
450. jest, joke, banter, kid, tease, quip
451. job, task, duty, chore, labour, toil, work
452. jump, leap, bound, bounce, hop, skip, spring, clear, gambol, hurdle, vault
453. kind, sort, type, category, class, classification, breed, species, variety
454. lack, absent, absence, deficient, deficiency, scarce, scarcity, short, shortage, want, need
455. landscape, outlook, panorama, perspective, prospect, scene, scenery, sight, spectacle, view
456. late, later, latter, latest, last, lately, latterly, lastly
457. lately, recently, not long ago, soon
458. laugh, chortle, guffaw, roar, mirth, chuckle, giggle, simper, smirk, snicker, snigger, titter, grin, beam, smile
459. lawsuit, suit, proceed, action, case, cause, litigate, sue, prosecute, indict, appeal
460. lay, lie
461. lay, place, put, set
462. learn, study
463. lie, falsehood, fib, story
464. lift, raise, elevate, hoist, heave
465. list, schedule, timetable, table, form
466. little, small
467. locality, location, place, position, site, situation, spot, scene
468. look, see, watch
469. love, lover, lovely, loving, lovable
470. luck, chance, break, lot, fortune, fate, destiny, doom
471. machine, machinery
472. many, a (large[good, great]) number of, a (great, large) multitude (of), a good few (of)
473. map, atlas, chart, plot, design, blueprint, draft, sketch, plan, diagram, graph, illustration, figure, artwork
474. mark, tick, check, sign, symbol, character, brand
475. material, matter, substance, stuff
476. medicine, drug, specific, remedy, cure
477. meeting, conference, convention, assembly, rally, congress, council, session, summit, gathering, caucus
478. memoris[z]e, recall, recollect, remember, remind
479. mend, patch, repair, fix
480. method, means, way, manner, approach, process, mode, system, fashion
481. mighty, powerful
482. migrate, migrant, migration; emigrate, emigrant, emigration; immigrate, immigrant, immigration
483. mission, task, assignment
484. mistake, blunder, fault, error, slip, wrong
485. moment, instant, minute, second, flash
486. more, most, a lot (of), a large[good, great, huge, vast] quantity (of), plenty (of), a (great, huge) mass of
487. move, remove, shift, transfer
488. much, a large[great, huge] amount of, a good[great] deal (of), a fair[good, nice] bit (of)
489. much, very
490. name, title
491. neighbo(u)rhood, vicinity, proximity
492. nervous, tense, stressful
493. no, not
494. object, objective, purpose, aim, end, goal, target
495. offer, proffer, provide, supply, afford, accommodate, equip, furnish, tender, volunteer
496. only, sole, single, unique
497. origin, root, source, spring, beginning, birth, cause
498. ought to, should
499. pain, ache
500. pass, past
501. peak, summit, top, climax, zenith
502. percent, per cent, percentage
503. phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
504. picture, painting, drawing, outline, sketch, portrait, landscape, caricature, cartoon
505. plan, design, blueprint, program(me), project
506. poem, poetry, verse, stanza, epic, lyric, doggerel, jingle
507. possible, likely, probable
508. possibly, perhaps, maybe, likely, probably
509. press, compress, depress, express, impress, oppress, repress, suppress
510. price, charge, cost
511. problem, question
512. proportion, rate, ratio, scale
513. quality, quantity, mass, weight
514. quiver, shiver, tremble, thrill, vibrate, shake, shudder, convulse, quake, quaver, tremor
515. rare, scarce, at a premium
516. react, reaction; respond, response
517. refuse, reject, decline, deny, repel, repulse, rebuff
518. relate, relation, relationship, relative, relativity
519. rescue, save, deliver, redeem
520. respectable, respected, respectful
521. respecting, respective
522. responsible, responsive
523. school, university, college, academy, institute
524. seat, sit
525. sensible, sensitive
526. shall, should, will, would
527. shout, bawl, cry, call, exclaim, holler, yell, scream, shriek, screech, squall, squeal, squeak, wail, bark, bay, growl, howl, snarl, whine, yap, yelp, yip, bellow, roar, thunder
528. slow, slowly
529. smell, taste, odo(u)r, fragrance, perfume, scent, incense, stink, whiff, aroma, flavo(u)r, savo(u)r, tang
530. some time, some times, sometime, sometimes
531. sound, noise, voice
532. soundless, noiseless, voiceless
533. speed, velocity, rate, pace, tempo, gallop
534. stop, cease, halt, pause, quit
535. storm, tempest, hurricane, typhoon, gale, cyclone, tornado, waterspout, twister, whirlwind, blizzard
536. story, legend, tale, romance, narrative, narration, anecdote, fable, folklore, myth, fiction, novel, saga
537. surprise, wonder
538. symbol, attribute, badge, token, emblem
539. technical, technological
540. technique, technology
541. thank, appreciate, oblige
542. thin, lean, slender, slight, slim, spare, lanky, gaunt, scrawny, bony, skinny
543. think, believe, consider, count, deem, reckon, regard
544. throw, cast, heave, fling, hurl, pitch, toss
545. till, until
546. tired, tiring, tiresome
547. tired, weary, fatigued, exhausted
548. traffic, transport, transportation, conveyance, vehicle
549. transmit, carry, convey, conduct
550. travel, journey, tour, trip, voyage, cruise, excursion, jaunt, junket
551. used to, would; be used to, be accustomed to
552. valuable, invaluable; precious, priceless
553. value, worth
554. variable, varied, various, variance, variant, variation, variety
555. visit, call, drop, see, look, come, stop
556. wake, waken, awake, awaken, arouse, rouse
557. walk, pace, step, stride, stroll, strut, plod
558. war, campaign, battle, combat, conflict, fight, warfare
559. -ward, -wards
560. worth, worthwhile, worthy, deserve, merit