【卫星互联网】
一、卫星互联网是一套通过卫星实现全球联网的通信系统，为地面、空中和海上用户提供宽带互联网接入服务。它通常包括卫星、地面站（作为网关）和用户终端三个部件。
二、中国对卫星互联网建设需求迫切，有以下原因：
1. 在国家安全领域，卫星互联网的重要作用已在俄乌战争等场景中得到证明，因此建设具有自主可控性的宽带卫星星座势在必行。
2. 由于低轨轨道资源和通信频段资源稀缺，并受国际电联的"先占先得"规则限制，中国需要迅速抢占低轨卫星资源。
3. 空天地泛在通信是通信技术的必然演进方向，而卫星通信已成为移动通信的重要环节，因此发展卫星互联网具有较高的确定性。
三、卫星互联网的商业模式已经初步验证，具有以下证据：
1. 低轨宽带星座项目，如铱星、OneWeb和Starlink，已逐步推出商业服务。据铱星公司2022年年报显示，铱星星座的用户数量已达199.9万，全年实现了7.2亿美元营收和872万美元利润，已经实现盈利。
2. 截至2023年5月，Starlink用户数已超过150万，自2021年开始提供个人宽带商业服务以来，实现了爆发式增长。
3. 在卫星互联网相关商业模式初步验证的基础上，该模式具有一定的可复制性。
四、卫星互联网产业链具有纵深广度，有望迎来需求爆发，原因如下：
1. 卫星互联网产业链包括卫星制造、火箭发射、卫星运营和终端设备等多个环节，对相关硬件和软件配套需求巨大。
2. 大批量发射卫星星座通常在实验星发射后的1-2年内进行。中国低轨卫星星座产业有望迎来爆发性增长，卫星互联网全产业链的市场空间预计可能达到干亿规模。
（唐加文）
【 Satellite Internet 】
Satellite Internet is a set of communications systems that are globally networked through satellites to provide broadband Internet access to users on the ground, in the air and at sea. It usually consists of three components: satellite, ground station (as a gateway) and user terminal.
Second, China's urgent need for satellite Internet construction, there are the following reasons:
1. In the field of national security, the important role of satellite Internet has been proved in scenarios such as the Russia-Ukraine war, so it is imperative to build a broadband satellite constellation with independent controllability.
2. Due to the scarcity of low-orbit resources and communication frequency band resources, and limited by ITU's "first-first-served" rules, China needs to quickly seize low-orbit satellite resources.
3. Ubiquitous communication is the inevitable evolution direction of communication technology, and satellite communication has become an important part of mobile communication, so the development of satellite Internet has a high certainty.
Third, the business model of satellite Internet has been preliminarily verified, with the following evidence:
1. Low-orbit broadband constellation projects, such as Iridium, OneWeb and Starlink, have gradually launched commercial services. According to Iridium's 2022 annual report, the number of Iridium subscribers has reached 1.999 million, and the annual revenue of 720 million US dollars and profit of 8.72 million US dollars have been profitable.
2. As of May 2023, Starlink has more than 1.5 million subscribers, achieving explosive growth since it began offering commercial personal broadband services in 2021.
3. Based on the preliminary verification of the business model related to satellite Internet, the model has certain reproducibility.
Fourth, the satellite Internet industry chain has a depth and breadth, and is expected to usher in an outbreak of demand for the following reasons:
1. The satellite Internet industry chain includes satellite manufacturing, rocket launch, satellite operation, terminal equipment and other links, and there is a huge demand for related hardware and software.
2. Mass launch of satellite constellations is usually carried out within 1-2 years after the launch of experimental stars. China's low-orbit satellite constellation industry is expected to usher in explosive growth, and the market space of the whole industry chain of satellite Internet is expected to reach 100 million.
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