中考英语宾语从句分层练
由一个独立分句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句。初中阶段我们需要掌握的复合句是宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的常见关联词有：that（不译，可以省略）、if\whether(译为：是否)、what、who、where、when、why、how等。
根据宾语从句的不同，宾语从句可分为以下几类：
当主句为一般过去时，
（1）若宾语从句为陈述句（肯定句和否定句），宾语从句用that引导（that可以省略）。宾语从句的动词时态变为相应的过去的时态，宾语从句的人称向主句看齐。例如：
I like the book.(He said...)→ He said (that) he liked the book.
解析：宾语从句为肯定句，用that引导（也可以省略）；主句为一般过去时，宾语从句动词变为过去时liked；宾语从句的I和主句的He为同一个人，从句向主句看齐，改为he.
I don′t have a pen.(The girl said...)→
The girl said (that) she didn′t have a pen.
解析：宾语从句为否定句，用that引导（也可以省略）；主句为一般过去时，宾语从句动词变为过去时didn′t；宾语从句的I和主句的The girl为同一个人，从句向主句看齐，改为she.
练习： We will visit Beijing.(The students said...)→
②The songs are beautiful.（He said...)→
③She has read the book.(I said...)→
答案：The students said (that)they would visit Beijing.
②He said (that)the songs were beautiful.
③I said (that) She had read the book.
（2） 若宾语从句为一般疑问句，宾语从句用if\whether(译为：是否)引导。宾语从句的动词时态变为相应的过去的时态，宾语从句用陈述句语序（主语+动词）；宾语从句的人称向主句看齐；主句中的said\said to改为asked。
例如：Is he a doctor?(She said to me ...)→
She asked me if\whether he is was a doctor.
解析：主句中的said to改为asked;宾语从句为一般疑问句,用if\whether引导；宾语从句采用陈述句语序（主语he+动词is）；主句said为一般过去时，从句改为一般过去时was.
Does your father go to work every day?(The teacher asked me...)→
The teacher asked me if\whether my father goes went to work every day.
解析：宾语从句为一般疑问句,用if\whether引导；宾语从句的your与与主句的me相关,宾语从句的your改为my;采用陈述句语序（主语my father+动词goes）；主句asked为一般过去时，从句的goes改为一般过去时went.
练习： Will he finish the work? （I asked...)→
② Can you answer the question? (I said to the boy...)→
③ Does the girl play the piano？（I asked...)→
答案：I asked if\whether he would finish the work .
②I asked the boy if\whether he could answer the question.
③I asked if\whether the girl played the piano.
（3）若宾语从句为特殊疑问句，仍用原先的疑问词引导。宾语从句的动词时态变为相应的过去的时态，宾语从句用陈述句语序（主语+动词）；宾语从句的人称向主句看齐；主句中的said\said to改为asked。例如：
What are you doing in the room?(I asked the boy...)→ I asked the boy what he was doing in the room.
解析：宾语从句为特殊疑问句,用宾语从句的what引导；宾语从句中的you和主句中的the boy为同一人，从句向主句看齐，变为he；宾语从句采用陈述句语序（主语he+动词is doing）,主句asked为一般过去时，从句的is doing改为一般过去时was doing.
What does he like? (I said...)→I asked what he liked.
解析：宾语从句为特殊疑问句,用宾语从句的what引导；宾语从句采用陈述句语序（主语he+动词like）,主句asked为一般过去时，从句的like改为一般过去时liked.
练习：Where is he going next? （I asked...)→
②When will you leave for Shanghai?(The teacher said to us...)→
③Why does he get up early? （I asked...)→
答案：I asked Where he were going next.
②The teacher asked us When we would leave for Shanghai.
③I asked why he got up early.
（4）若宾语从句为祈使句（以动词原形或"don′t +动词原形"开头的句子），须使用句型："tell sb (not)to do sth"或"ask sb (not)to do sth"。例如：
Get up early.(My mother said to me...)→My mother told\asked me to get up early.
解析：主句said为一般过去时，需改为told\asked ；从句为肯定祈使句，需用tell \ask sb to do sth句型。
Don′t play with dogs.(My grandparents told me...)→My grandparents told me not to play with dogs.
解析：从句为否定祈使句，需用tell sb not to do sth句型。
练习：Take care of your eyes.（The doctor said to us...)→
②Don′t talk in class.(My teachers told me...)→
答案：The doctor asked/told us to ake care of your eyes.
②My teachers told me not to talk in class.
注意：（1）如果主句的时态是一般现在时或Could you (please) do sth，宾语从句的时态保持不变。例如：
I am a good student.(He often tells me...)→
He often tells me (that) he is a good student.
解析：宾语从句为肯定句，用that引导（可省略）；主句为一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不变。
Does he speak English?(Could you please tell me...)→
Could you please tell me if\whether he speaks English?
解析：宾语从句为一般疑问句，用if\whether引导；宾语从句采用陈述句语序（主语he+动词speaks）；主句为Could you please tell me，宾语从句的时态不变。
(2)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理或普遍真理，即使主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态也保持不变。
例如： Is January the first month of the year?（Our teacher said...)→
Our teacher asked if\whether January is the first month of the year
解析：宾语从句为一般疑问句，用if\whether引导；宾语从句采用陈述句语序（主语January+动词is）；宾语从句内容为客观事实，因此，宾语从句时态不变。
宾语从句速记口诀:
宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if，whether)替;
特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意;
主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
综合练习：将下列句子变为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1.Don′t listen to music in class.(My teachers told me...)→
2.Who is he？（My mother said to me...)→
3.Write your names on the paper.(He said to us...)→
4.Do you remember my name?(He asked me...)→
5.I can help you.(He said to me...)→
6.Who cleans our classroom every day? (My teachers said to me...)→
7.Is the sun bigger than the earth?(The boy asked me...)→
8. Where is your school? (Could you please tell me...)→
答案：1.My teachers told me not to listen to music in class.
2. My mother asked me who he was.
3. He told us to write our names on the paper.
4. He asked me if/whether I remembered his name.
5. He said to me(that) he could help me.
6. My teachers asked me who cleaned our classroom every day.
7. The boy asked me if/whether the sun is bigger than the earth.
8.Could you please tell me where your school is?