美国红橡Red Oak
市面上最常见即为美国红橡，而美国红橡一般分为三种：南部 材 、山区材、北部材。
01 南部 材 南部 材红 橡普遍颜色较深，而且由于南部温度的缘故，南部材红橡的生长速度也比北部材红橡迅速，密度及稳定性相对来说低于北部材红橡与山区材红橡。
Common Name(s): Southern Red Oak, Spanish Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus falcata
Common Uses: Cabinetry, furniture, interior trim, flooring, and veneer.
Color/Appearance: Has a light to medium reddish-brown color, though there can be a fair amount of variation in color. Conversely, White Oak tends to be slightly more olive-colored, but is by no means a reliable method of determining the type of oak.
Grain/Texture: Has medium-to-large pores and a fairly coarse grain.
02 山区 材 山区材红橡基本特性较南部材红橡较好，加之山区材红橡生长环境注定山区材红橡的供应量要比南部材红橡略少所以价格也 会略高。但由于山区气候红橡的生长会遇到很多天然灾害，虫蛀纹、鸟啄纹相对来说出现的机率会多些，而且受山区矿物的影响山区材 红 橡也有可能出现较多的矿物线。
03 北部 材 北部材红橡生长环境非常恶劣，地处严寒，常年低温甚至可以达到零下二十几度，由于气候较低北部材红橡的生长速度非常 缓慢。受北美地区气候的影响北部材红橡的天然灾害也较少，所以出产的北部材红橡相对于南部材红橡与山区材红橡来说：颜色较好，纹理更为稳定，密度更高不容 易磨损，质地更为坚硬，不宜收缩开裂；并且北部 材红 橡颜色偏浅红、偏白、颜色均匀，适合做浅色产品。美国北部红橡树通常被认为拥有最高的质量。美国北部的红橡树由于生长季节较短，因此有较慢的生长速度。颜色也更加一致，但是价格要远远高于阿拉契亚山脉(山区)和南部的红橡树。最好的红橡产区是在美国北部的密歇根州半岛上和威斯康星州以及明尼苏达州的这部分地区。在这一地区生长的红橡树统称为冰川北部红 橡木 。由于生长的非常缓慢，所以年轮非常紧密、花纹小且漂亮，板材的颜色一致性也很高，稳定性极好，颜色是浅色小麦色。这个地区的冰川红橡木因为有特殊的小麦颜色，也有着更为广泛的上色范围，可以做更为浅色系的木本色的油漆，并且颜色很均匀，红橡木的颜色排序从冰川区域的红橡木中可以更容易得到，因为大多数的红橡树是自然的小麦颜色，所以红橡木的定价往往会根据分级规则而定。边材为白色至浅棕色，心材粉红棕色。绝大部分为直木纹与山形木纹，木髓射线较短，木锤射线较细，以致出现比一般橡木较淡的银纹。
Common Name(s): Red Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus rubra
Distribution: Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada
Color/Appearance: Heartwood is a light to medium brown, commonly with a reddish cast. Nearly white to light brown sapwood is not always sharply demarcated from the heartwood. Quartersawn sections display prominent ray fleck patterns. Conversely, White Oak tends to be slightly more olive-colored, but is by no means a reliable method of determining the type of oak.
Grain/Texture: Grain is straight, with a coarse, uneven texture. The pores are so large and open that it is said that a person can blow into one end of the wood, and air will come out the other end: provided that the grain runs straight enough.
红橡树生长周期长达上百年，要成材一般要在20年左右才能砍伐，美国红橡是必须满60年才能砍伐。美国红橡主要依靠进口，价格本身就比较昂贵。而制作家具的美国红橡一般分为南方红橡与北方红橡。因为北方红橡与南方红橡相比生长更为缓慢，市场供应量少；并且性能更稳定，颜色更均匀，纹理、密度也更好，所以北方红橡的价格也比南方红橡更为昂贵。
美国其他 橡木
Common Name(s): Bur Oak, Burr Oak, Mossycup Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus macrocarpa
Color/Appearance: Has a light to medium brown color, though there can be a fair amount of variation in color. Conversely, Red Oak tends to be slightly redder, but is by no means a reliable method of determining the type of Oak.
Grain/Texture: Has medium-to-large pores and a fairly coarse grain.
Common Name(s): Black Oak, Eastern Black Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus velutina
Color/Appearance: Has a light to medium reddish-brown color, though there can be a fair amount of variation in color. Conversely, White Oak tends to be slightly more olive-colored, but is by no means a reliable method of determining the type of oak.
Grain/Texture: Has medium-to-large pores and a fairly coarse grain.
Common Name(s): California Black Oak, Kellogg Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus kelloggii
Color/Appearance: Has a light to medium reddish-brown color, though there can be a fair amount of variation in color. Conversely, White Oak tends to be slightly more olive-colored, but is by no means a reliable method of determining the type of oak.
Grain/Texture: Has medium-to-large pores and a fairly coarse grain.
Common Name(s): Overcup Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus lyrata
Common Name(s): Swamp White Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus bicolor
Common Name(s): Willow Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus phellos
Common Name(s): Water Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus nigra
Common Name(s): Chestnut Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus prinus
Common Name(s): Scarlet Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus coccinea
Common Name(s): Laurel Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus laurifolia
Common Name(s): Post Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus stellata
Common Name(s): Pin Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus palustris
Common Name(s): Oregon White Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus garryana
DISTINGUISHING RED AND WHITE OAK
1. LOOK AT THE ENDGRAIN
A quick and fairly reliable way to tell the two oaks apart is simply by looking at the endgrain. In order for this to work, the ends of the board can’t be painted, sealed, or rough-sawn. A freshly cut oak board should be easy to distinguish:
2. LOOK AT THE RAYS
When looking at the face of the board, especially in the flat-sawn areas, you may notice little dark brown streaks running with the grain, sometimes referred to as rays.
3. USE SODIUM NITRITE
This technique is sometimes used at sawmills if various logs need to be sorted out quickly. Instead of taking the time to analyze each log closely by hand, a 10% solution of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is sprayed or brushed onto the wood and observed. If it’s red oak, there will only be a small color change, making the wood only slightly darker. But if it’s white oak, there will be a noticeable color change in as little as five minutes, (though it can take longer if the wood is dry, or if the temperature is low). The heartwood of white oak will eventually change to a dark indigo to almost black.
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